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6 novembre 2011 7 06 /11 /novembre /2011 08:55
Espionnage. Qui a volé les plans de l'Airbus «militaire»?

Selon Airbus, «il est très rare que l'ensemble d'un plan soit stocké dans un ordinateur portable»

 

06/11/2011 Gérald Camier - ladepeche.fr/

 

Manifestement, l'Airbus A-400 M, le nouvel avion militaire franco-allemand intéresse du monde. On ne sait pour l'heure si les «données militaires sensibles», qui se trouvaient dans un ordinateur volé mardi 1er novembre dans une chambre de l'hôtel Pullman de Versailles, sont tombées entre de mauvaises mains, mais l'affaire, révélée hier, embarrasse la direction d'Airbus. Affichant la sérénité, le groupe aéronautique a tenté de minimiser ce vol : «Il est très rare que l'ensemble d'un plan soit stocké dans un ordinateur portable, a déclaré un chargé de communication. Il s'agit plus souvent d'échantillons qui servent comme documents de travail».

 

La victime, un Anglais de 64 ans

 

Mardi 1er novembre à l'hôtel Pullman, deux inconnus se sont introduits dans la chambre 136, probablement entre 17h30 et 21h30, alors occupée par un Anglais âgé de 64 ans, précise une source proche de l'enquête. l'ordinateur dérobé contenait ls plans du système d'approvisionnement en fioul, sur terre et dans les airs de l'A 400M. C'est un client de l'hôtel qui aurait vu deux hommes âgés de 30 à 35 ans qui sont d'abord entrés dans sa chambre, avant d'en ressortir en s'excusant de s'être trompés. Pour entrer dans la chambre où se trouvait l'ordinateur, les deux individus ont utilisé un passe, car aucune trace d'effraction n'a été relevé par les policiers. Ils ont d'abord fouillé une valise puis ont volé l'ordinateur, un téléphone Nokia et une souris sans fil. Pour le commissariat de Versaillles, chargé de l'enquête avec la sous-direction de l'information générale (SDIG), «compte tenu des circonstances, on imagine bien une affaire d'espionnage industriel».

 

Le mode opératoire rappelle d'ailleurs étrangement l'affaire de ce PDG d'une compagnie aérienne chinoise, dont la chambre d'hôtel avait été visitée par des représentants des «services secrets français».

 

Selon Bernard Carayon, député-maire de Lavaur et qui a remis plusieurs rapports sur la question de l'espionnage industriel, la Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (contre-espionnage) n'a pas encore été saisie de l'affaire de l'hôtel Pullman. «Ce genre de choses est, hélas, très fréquent, indique l'élu. Notamment concernant les secteurs stratégiques de la défense, la santé, l'aéronautique, le spatial, les technologies de l'information, la pharmacie. Il y a beaucoup de pillages. Très peu de chiffres sont disponibles. Souvent, quand le piège réussi, l'entreprise n'en parle pas car elle a honte vis-à-vis de sa clientèle. L'affaire est réglée en interne».

 

Des Chinois espionnés à Toulouse

 

C'était en novembre 2010, dans un grand hôtel de la place du Capitole, à Toulouse. Trois personnes sont surprises la main dans le sac par des membres d'une compagnie aérienne chinoise en visite à Airbus, en train de fouiller dans les valises du responsable, Shaoyong Liu (photo). C'est le PDG de China Eastern Airlines. Il s'agissait ni plus ni moins que des membres des services secrets français.

 

En plus d'un ordinateur portable, d'un lecteur DVD et des clés, un sac censé contenir du matériel d'enregistrement et de récupération de données avaient été abandonnés sur place. Les représentants chinois avaient ensuite plié bagage se contentant d'exiger « une enquête » auprès des services de police. On avait frôlé de peu l'incident diplomatique. D'autant que la visite éclair de ces présumés espions français n'avait pas échappé aux caméras de surveillance.

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28 octobre 2011 5 28 /10 /octobre /2011 17:55

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EQycEPiP4B8/Tqq56SePAEI/AAAAAAAAIos/BtVuxZKRpGg/s1600/la_class.jpg

 

October 28, 2011

 

CBC News is reporting that the Harper Government is at least pondering the idea of cutting their losses with the Victoria class submarines and replacing them with nuclear submarines. The Victoria class submarines have been plagued with problems since being acquired from the UK, and despite being described as the "military bargain of the century" when purchased for $750 million in 1998, they have become anything but.

The submarines are currently all out of service, with HMCS Victoria the soonest to potentially return to service by late next year. The article describes the issues.

One of the subs, HMCS Chicoutimi, has been in active service of the Royal Canadian Navy exactly two days in the 13 years since it was purchased from the Brits.

The Chicoutimi caught fire on its maiden voyage from the U.K. to Canada, killing one sailor and injuring a number of others.

It has been in the repair shop ever since, and isn’t expected back in service for at least another two years and $400 million more in repairs and retrofits.

The article goes on:

The other three would remain out of service until at least 2013. One may not be out of the repair shop until 2016.

By that time, the submarines will have cost taxpayers an estimated $3 billion, almost enough to have bought all new subs in the first place.

But the real problem is that by the time the whole fleet is in active service for the first time in 2016, the submarines will already be almost 30 years old with only perhaps 10 years of life left in them.

High-ranking sources tell CBC News the government is actively considering cutting its losses on the dud subs, and mothballing some if not all of them.

Defence Minister Peter MacKay is hinting they might be replaced with nuclear submarines that could patrol under the Arctic ice, something the existing diesel-electric subs cannot do.

I'm not sure how the costs break out over a single budget year, but based on the article it sounds like Canada has already spent $1 billion and will spend $2 billion more by 2016, which suggests costs that average around $500 million over the next 4 years. That's a lot of money just to get 10 years out of four SSKs.

If we do the math, basically the Harper government is faced with the very real problem. The repair costs will earn Canada 4 Victoria class SSKs that are already old for an investment cost of at least $75 million annually per submarine, and at the same time India is leasing the significantly more capable and new Russian SSN K-152 Nurpa for $900 million over 10 years - $90 million annually.

Something tells me Rep. Joe Courtney (Conn) could come up with a few ideas here - just saying. What would it cost to refuel and refit a Los Angeles class submarine for a second time to add 15 or so more years to the submarine? In 2005 the cost was slightly over $200 million, so even if we estimate the total refit per submarine to be around $350 million (serious modernization), Canada would only be spending $1.4 billion for four SSNs with a service life of 15 years vs $2 billion for four SSKs with a service life of 10 years. Another big advantage for Canada would be they could use the rest of the money to put their sailors through existing US Navy submarine training schools and use existing US contractor services for upkeep, both of which would allow Canada to save a bunch of money.

The cost difference for the hardware would be $25 million per sub per year for SSNs vs $75 million per sub per year for SSKs. While it is true the operational, maintenance, and personnel costs will be higher for SSNs than it would be for SSKs, there are likely enough cost savings to be gained through existing US infrastructure that it's hard to believe the SSNs would be so much more expensive as to make it a bad deal.

I'm just floating this idea, but really trying to highlight that leasing Los Angeles class SSNs would likely be cost neutral (or perhaps even cost saving) for the Harper government given the big problems Canada is facing with the Victoria class.

I don't know if the US Navy even has four 688s that they would be willing to sell to Canada (although in a time of short term budget cuts impacting the Navy, now is the time to talk about this type of thing). I also don't know if the US and Canada can work out a realistic agreement that would give Canada the ability to utilize US Navy infrastructure for training and other services related to 688s. I do know that going down the road of supporting foreign SSNs would be good for either/both Electric Boat and Newport News, because when one looks at the trends they are having in Australia with their submarine industry - a deal with SSNs with Canada now would go a long way towards getting process and framework for this type of high end military deals in place so when our next very close ally comes along - we have a system and experience in place to support such agreements. 

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28 octobre 2011 5 28 /10 /octobre /2011 11:55
Government Considering Mothballing All Victoria-class Submarines. Peter MacKay Hints At Buying Nuclear Submarines?

 

October 27, 2011. By David Pugliese Defence Watch

 

The federal government is considering mothballing some or all of its four British-made submarines, CBC News reported Thursday night.

 

But the news story by Greg Weston also quoted Defence Minister Peter MacKay suggesting that nuclear submarines may be the way to go for Canada.

 

So will the Harper government go out and buy nukes?

 

How will the public react, particularly about the cost of a fleet of nuclear submarines that could run four, five or six billion dollars depending on?

 

As well, get ready for more submarine news in the coming weeks.

 

CTV has a piece in an upcoming segment on W5 which will look at the value of the Victoria-class submarines. It is hosted by Lloyd Robertson. A number of sources have told Defence Watch that they don’t expect the W5 segment to cause the Navy too much grief.

 

As you know, the Victoria-class submarines have been the subject of much debate.

 

HMCS Corner Brook, damaged when it hit the ocean floor during a training accident in June on the west coast, is now dockside. It will be repaired and overhauled during a planned maintenance period now underway.

 

But it is not scheduled to return to sea until 2016, the navy confirmed in an email to the Citizen.

 

HMCS Chicoutimi, damaged by a fire in 2004 that killed one officer, still remains sidelined. That leaves HMCS Windsor and HMCS Victoria, which are also not available for duty at sea.

 

“The navy is focused on HMCS Victoria and HMCS Windsor and returning both to sea in early 2012,” stated navy spokesman Lt.-Cmdr. Brian Owens in an email.

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28 octobre 2011 5 28 /10 /octobre /2011 11:30

http://www.corlobe.tk/IMG/jpg/Tonnerre261011_001_c.jpg

Le BPC Tonnerre de retour de Libye  - photo Jean-Louis Venne

 

27 octobre 2011 Par Jean-Louis Venne. PORTAIL DES SOUS-MARINS

 

Avec la réduction des moyens participant à l’opération Harmattan, le BPC Tonnerre est rentré à Toulon. Voici donc le Tonnerre accosté à Toulon, à côté de son grand frère le Mistral.

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28 octobre 2011 5 28 /10 /octobre /2011 05:45

http://www.defense.gouv.fr/var/dicod/storage/images/base-de-medias/images/operations/autres-operations/harmattan/111027-libye-point-de-situation-n-49/libye-point-de-situation-n-49-17/1432989-2-fre-FR/libye-point-de-situation-n-49-1.jpg

photo defense.gouv.fr

 

27/10/2011 Sources : EMA

 

Point de situation hebdomadaire du 27 octobre 2011.

 

Entre le 20 et le 27 octobre 2011, le dispositif militaire français a assuré 55 sorties.

 

    20 sorties d’attaque au sol (Rafale  Air, Mirage  2000-D, Mirage  2000-N et Mirage F1  CT) ;

    21 sorties de reconnaissance et de surveillance (Rafale  pod reco NG, Mirage  F1 CR, Atlantique 2, drone Harfang ) ;

    7 sorties de contrôle aérien (E3F) ;

    7 sorties de ravitaillement (C135 FR).

 

Une dizaine de véhicules armés ont été neutralisés dans la région de Syrte le 20 octobre par une patrouille mixte de Mirage  2000D / Mirage  F1.

 

Le dispositif militaire français engagé dans les opérations maritimes et aériennes en Libye a commencé son redéploiement.

 

Depuis le 22 octobre, la TF 473 (articulée autour de l’état-major embarqué sur le BPC Tonnerre, le BPC, le groupe aéromobile et le plot CSAR, deux frégates, un bâtiment de soutien et un sous-marin nucléaire d’attaque) a quitté la zone d’opérations pour rallier Toulon où elle est en alerte.

 

A La Sude en Grèce, un avion de surveillance maritime Atlantique 2, 5 Mirage 2000D, 4 Mirage  F1 CR et 4 Mirage  2000-N ont été redéployés en France.

 

La France maintient aujourd’hui son engagement auprès de ses alliés et partenaires dans le cadre de l’opération Unified protector  de l’OTAN et en protection de la population Libyenne avec 2 400 militaires mobilisés, qui opèrent sur zone depuis la France, La Sude en Grèce, Sigonella en Italie ou qui sont en alerte en France.

 

Le 17 mars 2011 au soir, le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies (CSNU) a adopté la résolution 1973 relative à la situation en Libye, à l’initiative de la France et du Royaume-Uni, dans la suite de la résolution 1970 du 26 février 2011.  Le 19 mars, sur ordre du Président de la République, le chef d’état-major des armées (CEMA) a lancé l’opération Harmattan , nom de la participation française à l’engagement militaire international d’opérations aéromaritimes pour protéger la population libyenne contre les attaques des forces du colonel Kadhafi. Depuis le 31 mars, l’engagement militaire international est passé sous commandement de l’OTAN.

 

http://www.defense.gouv.fr/var/dicod/storage/images/base-de-medias/images/operations/autres-operations/harmattan/111027-libye-point-de-situation-n-49/libye-point-de-situation-n-49-2/1433014-3-fre-FR/libye-point-de-situation-n-49-2.jpg

photo defense.gouv.fr

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26 octobre 2011 3 26 /10 /octobre /2011 11:50

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/PARS3LR.jpg    

photo by KrisfromGermany

 

25 October 2011 domain-b.com

 

Naples, Italy: European missile making consortium MBDA has said the field evaluation trials of its Pars 3 LR fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) is slated to get underway soon. The ATGM has been shortlisted alongside Rafael Advanced Defence System's Spike-ER for the Indian Army's weaponised Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) 'Rudra.'

 

''We are waiting for the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) to give us the schedule for trials. Hopefully, the dates will be finalised soon,'' MBDA's Peter Meuthen told a group of Indian journalists at the company's facility at Fusaro, north of Naples, Italy.

 

MBDA is a four-nation European missile making consortium which is eyeing a strategic partnership with India in defence development and production.

 

Besides jointly developing a short-range surface-to-air missile (SR-SAM) with India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), it has also offered nearly a dozen tactical weapon systems for deployment with the Indian armed forces.

 

The Pars 3 LR, Meuthen said, is a high precision weapon system with a broad target spectrum. ''It is highly effective against mobile and stationary targets equipped with latest armour protection, field fortresses and bunkers, besides other high-value targets,'' he said.

 

Pars 3 LR boasts a maximum operational range of seven kilometres and is said to possess high resistance to jamming.

 

In a salvo mode, it can fire up to four missiles in 10 seconds.

 

The missile, in service with the German Army on its UH-Tiger helicopters, was tested at Vidsel in Sweden in April this year. ''The successful firings matched all Indian operational requirements, but an Indian delegation could not witness it due to administrative reasons,'' Meuthen said.

 

A Bangalore-based Indian company has been co-opted by MBDA to design and develop a twin launcher, a derivative of the quad launcher fitted on the German Tiger helicopter, for the launch of the missile from ALH Rudra.

 

''The twin-launcher has been developed by the Indian company and its production will be done there.''

 

Simultaneously, MBDA has come out with an eight-missile configuration for the under-development indigenous Light Combat Helicopter (LCH).

 

Pars 3 LR is also in contention to weaponise the 22 attack helicopters being acquired by the Indian Air Force to replace its ageing fleet of Mi-25. MBDA has proposed Pars 3 LR for the Russian MIL Mi-28 helicopter which competes in the IAF evaluation along with the 'Hellfire' anti-armour missile-equipped Apache AH-64 D manufactured by Boeing.

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26 octobre 2011 3 26 /10 /octobre /2011 07:55

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/FS_Surcouf.jpg

photo Franck Dubey - netmarine.net

 

25/10/2011 Par Jean Guisnel - Le Point.fr

 

Les armées françaises soutiennent l'offensive kényane contre les militants shebabs somaliens, qui détiennent notamment un officier français de la DGSE depuis le 14 juillet 2009. Les Français ne sont pas engagés dans les combats, affirme-t-on à l'état-major des armées à Paris, où l'on confirme par ailleurs qu'un Transall C-160 a été mis à disposition de Nairobi. Un peu juste en moyens logistiques. Mais de participation aux combats, nenni ! On dément avec vigueur, de même source, que des navires de combat de la marine nationale soient présents au large de la zone des combats, et qu'ils aient a fortiori tiré contre des objectifs à terre.

 

On précise de même source que l'aviso Premier maître l'Her, qui a quitté Brest le 1er octobre, se trouve actuellement en passe de rejoindre la Task Force 150 déployée dans le golfe d'Aden, sous commandement américain. La frégate Surcouf, qui participe pour sa part à la mission européenne Atalante contre la piraterie, se trouve depuis plusieurs jours au large de la ville somalienne d'Harardhere, très loin de la zone des combats entre l'armée kényane et les milices shebabs.

 

Bateau espion

 

L'état-major des armées n'avait en revanche "rien à dire, vraiment" sur la présence dans le port kényan de Mombasa, rapportée au Point par des sources fiables, du très gros navire français Dupuy de Lôme. Ce navire de 3 600 tonnes arbore la coque blanche des bâtiments scientifiques, et appartient officiellement à la catégorie des "bâtiments d'expérimentation et de mesures".

 

Mais un énorme mât chargé d'antennes et deux gros radômes abritant de "grandes oreilles" ne laissent pas le moindre doute sur sa nature exacte : c'est un bateau espion, certes armé par la marine nationale, mais qui travaille 350 jours par an au profit de la Direction du renseignement militaire, nous apprend l'indispensable annuaire Flottes de combat. Lequel précise qu'il embarque un équipage de 30 hommes, auxquels s'ajoutent 80 "techniciens". Qu'en termes pudiques ces choses-là sont dites ! Les Français qui font circuler ce navire dans le monde entier disposent avec lui d'un exceptionnel outil de renseignement, dont ils ne parlent jamais, bien qu'il soit très officiellement recensé dans la flotte des AGI (Auxiliary General Intelligence), dont dispose l'Otan. Conclusion : bien que les Français demeurent discrets sur le sujet, ils assistent les Kényans dans leur offensive en leur apportant des moyens logistiques aériens. Il paraît plausible qu'ils fournissent aussi du renseignement. Mais sans tirer un coup de feu...

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26 octobre 2011 3 26 /10 /octobre /2011 06:40

http://defense-update.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/apache_blockiii-300x300.jpg

 

The U.S. Boeing AH-64D Apache Block III remains the finalist in the Indian Army evaluation of attack helicopters. The planned procurement of 22 attack helicopter is expected to commence soon. Photo: Boeing

 

25.10.2011 DEFENSE UPDATE

 

Russian news agency Novosti reported today the Russian candidate for the Indian Army procurement of 22 attack helicopter, has not met Indian requirements and has dropped from the competition, leaving the Boeing AH-64D Apache Block III the only competitor. According to the agency’s Russian sources the Russian Mi-28N ‘Night Hunter’ failed in meeting 20 criteria, mostly on technical ground and maturity issues involving its sensors and combat systems integration. Russia was ready to offer the 22 helicopters at a flyaway cost of $600 million, less than half the value the Pentagon mentioned in the notification to Congress in 2010.

 

While this may pave the way for New Delhi to select the Apache, being left as a sole bidder could actually delay the process of ordering the U.S. helicopter since sole bidder programs are extensively regulated under new anti-corruption policies. Selecting the AH-64D will also pave the way for India to receive the AGM-114L-3 Hellfire Longbow anti-tank guided missile for the first time. The failure of the Russian helicopter also means a setback for the two companies counting on providing the weapons for the helicopter – European MBDA Missile Systems and Israel’s Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. Both competed on supplying the missiles for the Mi-28N or Ka-52 helicopters, hoping to win a ‘short cut’ into future Indian Army and Air Force programs.

 

India plans to field one of these missiles another anti-tank guided missile with a weaponized version of the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH). This ‘Weapon Systems Integrated’ Dhruv Mk.3 (‘Rudra’) is currently being completed at HAL and will be made available for the testing soon. Field evaluation trials (FET) of the MBDA Missile System’s Pars 3 LR and Rafael Advanced Defence System’s Spike-ER, both ‘fire-and-forget’ anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) are expected to commence as soon as HAL delivers the Rudra for testing.

 

India is expected to field another ‘third generation’ missile with its Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) fleet, slated to replace the Mi-25/35 currently in service with the Air Force and Army. The Indian MOD determined that as a fully indigenous program, the missile to be used with the LCH will be the NAG, developed by India’s Defense research & Development Organization (DRDO).

 

India plans to field over 179 Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) Light Combat Helicopter (LCH), configured to carry the NAG anti-tank guided missile. The Indian Army plans to buy 114 such helicopters with the Air Force fielding 65. Photo: Defense-Update

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25 octobre 2011 2 25 /10 /octobre /2011 20:40

http://www.defense.gouv.fr/var/dicod/storage/images/base-de-medias/images/operations/autres-operations/harmattan/110714-libye-point-de-situation-n-34/point-de-situation-n-34-4/1310058-2-fre-FR/point-de-situation-n-34-4.jpg

photo defense.gouv.fr

 

25/10/2011 Michel Cabirol – LaTribune.fr

 

Avec l'opération Harmattan, les états-majors ont dû se résoudre à faire des arbitrages en raison de certaines lacunes en termes de capacités et des contraintes budgétaires.

 

Cocorico ! La France s'en est tirée avec les honneurs en Libye où les avions de l'armée de l'air et de la Royale avaient réalisé à fin septembre environ 4.500 sorties et les hélicoptères de l'armée de terre une trentaine de raids sans aucune perte. Soulagés par le succès de leurs hommes et des matériels sur le terrain, les états-majors sont actuellement tout sourire à l'heure des retours d'expérience (retex) de Libye. Pour autant, l'opération Harmattan a révélé certaines lacunes capacitaires des armées au moment où elles étaient déjà engagées dans de nombreux conflits (Afghanistan...) et soumises à une lourde restructuration.

 

C'est le cas notamment pour la marine. L'intervention en Libye « démontre que le format de notre marine est aujourd'hui juste suffisant pour répondre aux ambitions de défense et de sécurité de notre pays », a regretté le chef d'état-major de la marine, l'amiral Bernard Rogel, devant la commission de la Défense. Très clairement, il a dû faire des arbitrages et n'a pu honorer « toutes les demandes, notamment certaines prévues par le contrat opérationnel de la marine ». Par exemple, la France n'a pas pu compter pendant quatre mois sur des sous-marins d'attaque (SNA) patrouillant dans les eaux de l'Atlantique. La marine a retiré de l'opération contre la piraterie Atalanta (l'avion de patrouille maritime à long rayon d'action), l'Atlantique 2, et a dû annuler deux missions sur quatre de lutte contre le narcotrafic en Méditerranée.

 

Le délégué général pour l'armement (DGA), Laurent Collet-Billon, a également constaté que la Libye a « fait aussi apparaître quelques insuffisances [...] prévisibles dans la mesure où elles correspondent à des opérations différées en raison d'arbitrages budgétaires ». Les principales lacunes ont été identifiées dans les drones de surveillance dits MALE (Moyenne altitude, Longue endurance) et les avions ravitailleurs, les États-Unis ayant assuré 80 % des missions de ravitaillement en vol en Libye. Paris a d'ailleurs commandé à Dassault Aviation un nouveau système de drones MALE, sur la base du Heron TP fabriqué par la société israélienne IAI, en vue de le livrer aux armées françaises en 2014. En revanche, le premier exemplaire du programme MRTT (avion multirôle de ravitaillement en vol et de transport) ne sera livré qu'en « 2017 au lieu de 2010, et le dernier en 2024 », selon le chef d'état-major de l'armée de l'air, le général Jean-Paul Paloméros.

 

L'armée demande des bonus

 

Mais c'est le maintien en condition opérationnelle (MCO) des équipements qui a le plus préoccupé les états-majors. « Cette bataille du MCO, nous l'avons en partie gagnée, a expliqué le général Paloméros. J'en veux pour preuve le fait que depuis près de sept mois, nous volons en permanence en Libye et en Afghanistan et sur tous les théâtres, avec une disponibilité de l'ordre de 95 % ». Mais « cet effort a un prix et une influence sur l'entraînement et la régénération de nos forces. Ainsi nos jeunes ont-ils moins volé que nous l'avions prévu : de 110 à 130 heures pour les pilotes de chasse alors que les objectifs sont de l'ordre de 180 heures, conformément aux standards OTAN ». L'armée de l'air demande un bonus de 120 millions d'euros pour rattraper ce retard. C'est aussi le cas pour la marine qui revendique 100 millions en raison d'un « surcroît de dépenses inhabituel sur les périmètres MCO naval et aéronaval », selon l'amiral Rogel, qui déplore que « la disponibilité des forces n'a pu être maintenue qu'au prix d'une tension extrême sur nos moyens de soutien ».

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25 octobre 2011 2 25 /10 /octobre /2011 20:25

http://fr.canoe.ca/archives/infos/quebeccanada/politiquefederale/media/2011/10/20111024-184011-g.jpg

 

Peter MacKay – photo Reuters

 

24/10/2011 Dominique La Haye / Agence QMI

 

OTTAWA – Bombardé de questions à la Chambre des communes par l’opposition, le ministre de la Défense nationale, Peter MacKay, est resté vague quant à de potentielles fermetures de bases militaires et vente de terrains appartenant à l’armée.

 

Le gouvernement Harper a entamé un exercice de compression budgétaire évalué à 4 milliards $ par année dans tous les ministères pour éliminer le déficit en 2014. Le Nouveau Parti démocratique a indiqué craindre l’impact que pourraient avoir ces compressions sur les familles de militaires notamment au Québec sur les bases militaires de Valcartier et de Bagotville.

 

Le député néo-démocrate de Chicoutimi-Le Fjord, Dany Morin, a souligné que 1700 employés et leurs familles comptaient sur la base militaire de Bagotville.

 

La députée néo-démocrate de Portneuf-Jacques-Cartier, Élaine Michaud, a ajouté que dans les circonstances les 7000 employés de Valcartier se questionnaient aussi sur « l’avenir de leur réserve ».

 

« Les familles s’inquiètent de leur avenir, a dit M. Morin durant la période de questions. Ce gouvernement va-t-il leur dire exactement à quoi elles doivent s’attendre avec ces compressions budgétaires? »

 

Sans confirmer ou infirmer de potentielles fermetures de bases militaires au pays, le ministre de la Défense nationale a voulu se faire rassurant, vantant les investissements faits par son gouvernement dans le domaine militaire.

 

« Les membres des Forces canadiennes peuvent s’attendre à voir ce qu’ils ont vu depuis cinq ans et demi avec les conservateurs au pouvoir », a indiqué M. MacKay.

 

Le porte-parole du ministre, Jay Paxton, a précisé dans un courriel « qu’aucune décision finale n’avait encore été prise » quant aux compressions budgétaires.

 

Le député libéral de Bourassa, Denis Coderre, a déploré « l’arrogance et la condescendance » du ministre. « C’est sûr que le couperet s’en vient et qu’il faut rassurer et les familles et les régions, parce que ça fait partie de l’économie régionale », a-t-il dit.

 

La réponse du ministre de la Défense nationale a aussi laissé le député de Beauport-Limoilou, Raymond Côté, sur sa faim.

 

« Au lieu de dire clairement aux gens quel sera leur avenir, le ministre en reste simplement à des slogans et à des opérations marketing », a dit M. Côté.

 

Selon un article publié lundi dans le quotidien anglais « The Ottawa Citizen », la taille des Forces canadiennes sera gelée à 68 000 personnes au cours des prochaines années. Des bases militaires pourraient être fermées et des terrains appartenant à l’armée pourraient être vendus pour permettre au gouvernement d’atteindre son objectif d’éliminer le déficit. Ces propriétés comptent aussi des sites patrimoniaux, dont la Citadelle de Québec.

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25 octobre 2011 2 25 /10 /octobre /2011 18:20

http://defencesummits.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/french-air-force-reuters-640x480.jpg

 

Source: Reuters

 

10/25/2011  Richard de Silva - defenceiq.com

 

This past summer, Defence IQ spoke with Lieutenant General Friedrich Wilhelm Ploeger, the Deputy Commander of NATO’s Allied Air Command Ramstein, who joined us on the line direct from Ramstein Airbase in Germany.  For some background, Lt Gen Ploeger has a long and coloured history within airpower dating back to his enlistment in the German Air Force in 1967 up to his current position in this senior leadership role.  Throughout his career, which has seen him take up numerous command and staff assignments, he’s been awarded the Silver and Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr, the Order of Merit on the Ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Black Eagle Order Third Class of the Republic of Estonia…

 

Defence IQ     A very good afternoon General, it’s a pleasure to have you with us today.

 

FWP      Yes.

 

DIQ      I trust you’re well?

 

FWP      Pretty well, accustomed to the European Time Zone again after a lengthy stay in the US for very important cause at Maxwell Air Force Base and then ten days of I think at least some leave!

 

DIQ      Excellent, well we’re glad to have you back on this side of the Atlantic.  For now, thank you very much for making some time for us.  I think for those who perhaps need clarification, could you just start by telling us how important a role does the Alliance play in both European defence and in global defence?

 

FWP      Yes.  The answer is quite obvious.  When we look at the new strategic concept we see that the Alliance is and remains the cornerstone of defence for its member nations and the importance of Article V has been highlighted again.  The Alliance started as an alliance of necessity during the Cold War period when we faced a common Russian threat but it changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the fall of the Iron Curtain to an alliance of choice.  But we again see a change in the Alliance as an alliance of necessity because of the changed financial environment we are moving into and I will come to that field again when I look at Alliance air power and sea power. 

 

When you look at the history of the Alliance, NATO has always been a sea and air power Alliance and these are of course very expensive and critical capabilities that require a lot of financial investment and when we look at the current situation, due to the high costs of state of the art technology, the Alliance, especially in the area of air and sea power, will continue to be an alliance of necessity because otherwise we will not be able to achieve the required capabilities to cope with the current and future challenges in front of us.

 

DIQ      Well looking at these current and future challenge, being that much of the air power focus has been towards irregular warfare of late, what developments have been made in recent years in the way air support actually provides reliable ISR, specifically for counterinsurgency operations.

 

FWP      I think ISR is that field where we see the most dramatic developments, especially technologically both in process and in experience.  The most obvious signs of this are through the introduction of new assets with vastly improved capability, whether that’s through better product, that is vastly improved sensors, better loiter time, extended loiter time through those unmanned systems like Global Hawk and Predator or survivability by the introduction of stealth capabilities.  While overall processes continue to develop, particularly through experience gained in recent and ongoing operations, when we look at Afghanistan and Libya, our ability to exploit this capability has developed in parallel with the technological changes giving us a truly networked capability to exploit in real time.  Traditional ISR is the primary role of unmanned area systems, but full motion video capability makes it more than competent in filling, especially for a time sensitive targeting or coined missions, and furthermore changed detection software allows an effective use in any coined scenarios, especially when we look at the threat posed to our forces in Afghanistan by IEDs.

 

DIQ      Okay, what about the use of electronic warfare with modern airborne operations? I think it’s known that the ISAF mission has recognised a lack of EW assets to meet the necessary requirements – that’s on public record – but do you think the reaction to this should simply be a drive to increase EW assets or are there alternative options open in insuring that we have that required capability?

 

FWP      I think we should be aware of the fact that we will always have a demand for additional assets.  So the demand for electronic warfare assets will always outstrip our ability to provide them and looking at the financial situation we are in, there is at the moment no light at the end of the tunnel that we would be able to procure more specialised electronic warfare systems.  So we need to look for alternative options and there is one option that looks into the area of increased availability of electronic warfare assets.  Because they are getting a bit older we need to look at ways how to make them more available for our operation, we need to look at the way we use those assets, whether we do it really effectively enough or whether there are ways we improve them. And we need to look at a more balanced and effective mix of the systems, that is airborne systems as well as ground systems that are helping our forces in Afghanistan to cope, especially with the IED [threat] and with the threat by the Afghan Taliban forces.  So a mix of those measures should help us to overcome that problem.  In the end, there is also the way to acquire additional capabilities in the Alliance through cost sharing and common procurement but that is still an area that needs to be debated in Brussels in the political fields.

 

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DIQ      Just curious…does the deficit in the use of EW stem at all from a concern over inadvertently disrupting civilian systems?  I mean is it just that there’s a need to be as cautious as possible?  Is that holding us back at all in terms of either acquiring the technology or knowing when best to use it?

 

FWP      No, definitely not.  It needs to be well coordinated with all parties involved in such an operation, but of course we also need to maintain operation security, so there are various fields that need to be observed and the necessity not to overly disrupt civilian communication systems does not really impact on our mission.  I think we can cope with the situation.

 

DIQ      Yes, good to know.  Just going back to your mentioning earlier of Libya, the operation there is of course primarily an Allied air mission, can I ask what have been the key lessons learned to date on dealing with an adversarial air and ground force from the perspective of the Alliance and are there any gaps that you can point to, either technological or tactical, that have been identified in the needs of the Allied forces?
[eventodf]

 

FWP      When we look at the Libyan operation, the air mission of course is in focus also and especially in the media.  We should, I think however, not forget that the operation Unified Protector as it is called in NATO is an operation that also encompasses embargo operations performed by our fellow comrades at sea.  When I look at the threat posed by Libyan air forces I can state that they do not pose a real challenge because air superiority and air dominance was quickly achieved already during Operation Odyssey Dawn that proceeded Operation Unified Protector when we started to implement the no-fly zone, thus the Libyan Air Force is no longer a factor of ours.  The Libyan ground forces have demonstrated the capability to quickly adapt in tactics.  For instance they are copying opposition tactics thus making NATO’s air-to-ground operations to protect civilians from attack by Gaddafi forces very demanding and very complex.  Operation Unified Protector [brought to light] the importance of the enablers, that is especially to add to our refuelling, ISR, unmanned area systems and last but not least, low CDE weapons, weapons with a very low collateral damage factor.  The contribution of the US Air Force in those fields for mission success is essential and is vital because the European NATO nations alone do not possess enough capabilities.

 

Another lesson learned from Libya operations was that air operations of that type require a robust Air-Sea II organisation that could only be built up in the Libyan case by heavy augmentation from throughout the NATO command structure, thus highlighting the need to adjust personnel feelings for Air-Sea II in our new NATO command structure that was agreed upon by our defence ministers – thank God – in their footprint decision in early June. So an earlier, let’s say ‘lack of personnel’ was properly corrected when our defence ministers decided on the footprint of the NATO command structure in early June, this was already I think the most important lesson identified and then learned and corrected by the Alliance.

 

DIQ      Are there any particular examples that you could possibly give us in terms of the Libyan forces adopting ground tactics from others in order to make the lives of your officers in the air a lot more difficult?

 

FWP      Yes, it is quite obvious when they learned that whenever they used their normal tanks, their normal weapon systems, which the Libyan Gaddafi forces used for attack against Libyan civilians, they were constantly under attack.  They quickly changed by applying opposition forces tactics, that is, that they also used pick-up trucks and mounted their howitzers and mortars on those, and rather than running around in uniform, they started running around in civilian clothes, et cetera, et cetera, thus making life for us really difficult.

 

DIQ      Okay, we’ll look at that in a moment, but I just wanted to pick up on this topic of air superiority first and I think it’s perhaps a given to say that UAVs are still being seen by most as the future of this domain.  But can you tell us what the inherent challenges are in actually rolling out an increased unmanned capability and how is this likely to shape the future of the Alliance?

 

FWP      Let me start with some principles.  The basic elements of air power still remain the same and they are the key to air power superiority.  These are the characteristics: speed, range, flexibility, and with the UAVs now we add a new dimension to those basic three characteristics, and that is persistence – beyond the physical limits of an air crew – so that should be kept in mind.  That’s the typical areas for unmanned systems are the so-called Dirty, Dull and Dangerous missions, provided that that is at the moment an area that needs to be kept in mind, provided that they are operating in an uncontested environment.  Thus, especially when you look at persistence capability of unmanned systems, the concentration on ISR in developing UAV capabilities revolutionised this field, and it will continue to influence the development of tactics, techniques and procedures in the Alliance.

 

The increased use of unmanned systems of course has impacted on our Air-Sea II processes and especially the training of personnel to start with the simple operation of the UAVs, that is the pilot or the ground crew and the maintenance crew, to employ the UAVs in their operations to exploit the capabilities of the UAVs to their limits and finally to do command and control of UAVs in air operations.  The key tasks however will still be the domain of manned systems that is gaining and maintaining air superiority, especially in contested environments.

 

DIQ      And of course UAVs hosting electronic warfare systems are at present primarily being used to disrupt communications as you said, is this likely to mature soon to a more focused attempt to disrupt weapons or IEDs or those types of ordinance?  In other words, how long before you see UAVs contributing more than the relatively modest role that they seem to be playing at this time?

 

FWP      I think the main driver will be the demand and the requirement coming from ongoing operations and when ongoing operations continue to require development in these fields there will be more specialisation.  When you look at the development in the Israeli Air Force, they also developed their capabilities following the requirement coming from their operations to deal with insurgents, to deal with certain threats and thus they developed their unmanned systems capability to a very tremendous capable air force.

 

DIQ      So I suppose it has to be, from what you’re saying, an organic process.  We won’t know until we know.  I am also curious, in going by the recently publicised accounts of successful air operations, such as with Prowlers apparently being used in the elimination of key Al Qaeda targets, the ongoing air operations in Libya as we’ve been discussing, or the effectiveness of airborne COIN in Afghanistan specifically, does this all suggests the need for a rethink by those defence ministries who are scaling back their air forces as to whether that really is appropriate – and is it possible for us to see these types of achievements that we’re witness to today with less varied air capability in terms of, for example, a single platform like the Joint Strike Fighter or indeed a predominantly unmanned fleet?

 

FWP      This is indeed a very interesting question and the answer is not easy.  I think most of our defence ministers are fully aware of the needs, but they need to find the middle way between what is required by the mission they give to their defence forces and what is financially available and then there is the second argument that scaling back in numbers does not necessarily mean that it is also a scale back in capability.  The capabilities when you look at the new weapons systems are today far more superior than those capabilities that we used during the Kosovo air campaign for instance just over a decade ago in terms for instance of targets destroyed per mission.  When you look at those times, eleven years ago in March ‘99, we were able as a rule to attack one target with one aircraft.  Now with more modern aircraft and more modern air to ground weapons we can attack several targets with one sortie, with one mission, so this multiplies the capability of forces.

 

With regard to new platforms such as the Joint Strike Fighter, they bring enormous capability to our inventory, not least of which is through their ability to network and that is complimented by the versatility of their enhanced technology.  An unmanned fleet is not, and I repeat what I said before, is not a stand alone item but complimentary to the very capable platforms we currently have and will acquire in the future with for instance the joint strike fighter and our challenge will be to use these new assets as effectively as we can and again this may require the Alliance look at its members, member states, specialising for instance in particular roles and capabilities and probably working to new areas of role and responsibility sharing.

 

DIQ      It’s good to have an authoritative voice on that subject.  Just to retread very quickly on an issue you raised earlier with ground forces reportedly exploiting civilian populations and the difficulty that air forces have in perhaps identifying combat adversaries …given the intensity with which civilian casualties are again reported in the press and the huge impact that this can sometimes have on missions overall, particularly when adversaries may seek to exploit these incidents to build up public pressure, is a more focused effort needed do you think to enhance combat identification and situation awareness in general, and how are strikes coordinated from the ground to actually minimise these risks?

 

FWP      You can believe me – and this is a true, honest answer – that especially civilian casualties is an area of greatest concern for us, for the air forces, especially when we look at our Afghanistan mission.  Because this field has a huge impact on public opinion and how NATO forces are in total seen in Afghanistan and thus we try and do our best to reduce any collateral damage during incidents and enhance our ability to distinguish between friend and foe.  Although this is a highly challenging task we can for instance point to the Libya operation where we achieved the best success rate ever …and the occasional weapon that was going astray because there was a technological problem was quickly identified by us and we came forward with the announcement that this was a weapon going astray due to a technical failure, so that Gaddafi was not able to really exploit this mishap.

 

DIQ      Right.

 

FWP      On the other hand we try to perfect really – we can not say ‘to enhance’ – we try to perfect our processes to 100% non-failure process so that any weapon that is delivered to a target is under full control, both by the air crew as well as by the ground crew and to achieve this goal we invest a lot in intensive training for especially our forward air controllers and technical air control parties on the ground in Afghanistan to make sure that no unintended collateral damage is really achieved so that there is the risk of civilian casualties reduced to zero if possible and the achievement over the last one and a half years was really immense, immense and we are now, when you look at the bare figures, only responsible for a very, very small fraction of the number of civilian casualties we see in Afghanistan.

However, there is still this challenge and we have to cope with any situation where a ‘civ/cas’, civilian casualty, even occurred and we will investigate every event to learn from these events and to exclude any mistakes in the future.

 

DIQ      Is there one thing that you would put that success down to?

 

FWP      I think the most important element is our enhanced training of the ground crews, the forward air controllers and of course the enhanced distribution and availability of equipment, modern equipment available to the forward air controller crews like rover equipment so that both the air crew and the controllers on the ground have the same picture.

 

DIQ      Outstanding.  Well it does make sense for it to be a priority and we’re delighted to hear that it’s having such great progress in such a short time.  Lieutenant General Ploeger we do have to end there for now, but may I say it’s been a privilege sir to hear your thoughts on these issues.  Thank you very much indeed for your time and I wish you all the best of luck to you and all of those serving at the Alliance.  Thank you.

 

FWP      Yes, thank you very much for the opportunity to speak to you and to answer your questions.

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25 octobre 2011 2 25 /10 /octobre /2011 12:55

http://www.meretmarine.com/objets/500/12424.jpg

Le BPC Tonnerre

crédits : JEAN-LOUIS VENNE

 

 

24.10.2011 MER et MARINE

 

Le 22 octobre, au lendemain de la mort du colonel Kadhafi et de la prise de Syrte, la Task Force 473 a quitté la zone d'opérations, au large de la Libye, pour regagner Toulon. La TF s'articulait autour du bâtiment de projection et de commandement Tonnerre, qui embarquait des hélicoptères Tigre, Gazelle et Puma de l'armée de Terre, ainsi que des Caracal de l'armée de l'Air. Le BPC était accompagné des frégates Chevalier Paul et Montcalm, ainsi que d'un sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque, les unités de surface étant soutenues par un train de pétrolier-ravitailleurs. Seul l'aviso Commandant Birot demeure sur place, intégré à la composante maritime de l'OTAN. A Toulon, la TF 473 est néanmoins prête, en cas de besoin, à reprendre la mer : « Suivant l'évolution de la situation au sol, le rythme des opérations de la coalition a été adapté ce qui entraîne un redéploiement des moyens français en France, où ils restent en alerte, prêts à être réengagés dans les opérations en Libye en cas de besoin. Jusqu'à 4200 militaires français ont été engagés dans les opérations en Libye. La France maintient aujourd'hui son engagement auprès de ses alliés et partenaires dans le cadre de l'opération Unified protector de l'OTAN et en protection de la population Libyenne avec 2400 militaires mobilisés, qui opèrent sur zone et depuis la France, ou en alerte », souligne l'Etat-major des Armées.
Concernant le dispositif aérien, l'EMA précisait le 24 octobre que la France maintenait 6 Mirage 2000D, 4 Mirage 2000N et un avion de patrouille maritime Atlantique 2 à La Sude (Crète) ; ainsi que 5 Rafale Air et un drone Harfang à Sigonella (Italie). S'y ajoutent des avions radars E-3F et de ravitaillement C135 opérant depuis le territoire français.


(© : MARINE NATIONALE)

La France est engagée depuis le 19 mars en Libye dans le cadre de l'opération Harmattan, sous mandat de l'ONU. En plus des forces aériennes, la Marine nationale a eu un rôle déterminant en engageant, au fil des mois, la quasi-totalité de ses moyens disponibles, à commencer par le porte-avions Charles de Gaulle et son groupe aérien embarqué (Rafale Marine, Super Etendard Modernisés, Hawkeye), les BPC Mistral et Tonnerre, les frégates antiaériennes Forbin, Chevalier Paul, Cassard et Jean Bart, les frégates anti-sous-marines Dupleix, Montcalm et Jean de Vienne, les frégates furtives Courbet, Guépratte et Aconit, ainsi que plusieurs sous-marins nucléaires d'attaque (sans oublier les avisos, ravitailleurs et ATL2). Ces unités ont assuré à la maîtrise de l'espace aéromaritime libyen, participant aux frappes contre les forces terrestres et aériennes kadhafistes, pilonnant les unités côtières, repoussant plusieurs raids nautiques et maintenant l'embargo maritime sur le pays, tout en protégeant des convois humanitaires au profit des populations libyennes.

 

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24 octobre 2011 1 24 /10 /octobre /2011 21:30

http://www.defense.gouv.fr/var/dicod/storage/images/base-de-medias/images/operations/autres-operations/harmattan/111024-libye-point-de-situation-dispositif-militaire-francais/libye-point-de-situation-dispositif-militaire-francais-12/1423563-2-fre-FR/libye-point-de-situation-dispositif-militaire-francais-1.jpg

 

24/10/2011 Sources : EMA

 

Le 24 octobre 2011, le dispositif militaire français engagé dans les opérations maritimes et aériennes en Libye commence son redéploiement.

 

Suivant l’évolution de la situation au sol, le rythme des opérations de la coalition a été adapté ce qui entraîne un redéploiement des moyens français en France, où ils restent en alerte, prêts à être réengagés dans les opérations en Libye en cas de besoin.

 

Le 22 octobre, la TF 473 (articulée autour de l’état-major embarqué sur le BPC Tonnerre, le BPC, le groupe aéromobile et le plot RESCO, deux frégates, un bâtiment de soutien et un sous-marin nucléaire d’attaque) ont quitté la zone d’opérations et rallient Toulon où elle prendra l’alerte à partir de demain.

 

A La Sude en Grèce, un avion de surveillance maritime Atlantique 2 a été redéployé, 2 Mirage 2000D et 4 Mirage F1 CR sont redéployés aujourd’hui en France.

 

Le dispositif militaire français s’articule désormais autour :

 

-  d’un dispositif sur zone :

 

    12 aéronefs déployés à La Sude (6 M2000D et 4 M2000N) et à Sigonella (5 Rafale et un drone Harfang) ;

    un bâtiment engagé au sein de la force navale de l’OTAN.

 

-  d’un dispositif d’appui et de soutien qui opère depuis la France (E3F et C135F) ;

 

-  d’un dispositif en alerte en France :

 

    une force navale, la TF 473, avec son état-major, un BPC, un groupe aéromobile, un plot RESCO, deux frégates et un bâtiment de soutien ;

    un détachement de Mirage 2000D et un détachement de Mirage 2000N ;

    un ATL2.

 

La France est engagée dans les opérations militaires en Libye, dans le cadre de l’opération Harmattan, depuis le 19 mars 2011. Le dispositif mobilisé a été adapté en permanence depuis le début des opérations avec des redéploiements successifs pour se rapprocher de la zone d’opérations (à La Sude puis à Sigonella), et l’engagement de capacités adaptées aux missions (engagement du porte-avions Charles de Gaulle et du groupe aérien embarqué jusqu’en août 2011, engagement d’un BPC et du groupe aéromobile depuis début juin, engagement d’un drone depuis août 2011 etc.).

 

Jusqu’à 4 200 militaires français ont été engagés dans les opérations en Libye. La France maintient aujourd’hui son engagement auprès de ses alliés et partenaires dans le cadre de l’opération Unified protector  de l’OTAN et en protection de la population Libyenne avec 2 400 militaires mobilisés, qui opèrent sur zone et depuis la France, ou en alerte.

 

http://www.defense.gouv.fr/var/dicod/storage/images/base-de-medias/images/operations/autres-operations/harmattan/111024-libye-point-de-situation-dispositif-militaire-francais/libye-point-de-situation-dispositif-militaire-francais-22/1423563-3-fre-FR/libye-point-de-situation-dispositif-militaire-francais-2.jpg

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23 octobre 2011 7 23 /10 /octobre /2011 12:05

http://www.trdefence.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/the-associated-press-2011-10-21_l.jpg

 

in this Thursday, Sept. 8, 2011 file photo, a portrait depicting Libya's former ruler Moammar Gadhafi is riddled with bullet marks and vandalized with paint on a wall in Tripoli. AP photo

 

October 21, 2011 TRDEFENCE - The Associated Press

 

NATO’s top commander said today he will recommend the end of the alliance’s seven-month mission in Libya. Adm. Jim Stavridis made the announcement on his Facebook page ahead of a meeting of the North Atlantic Council, the alliance’s governing body.

 

In this Thursday, Sept. 8, 2011 file photo, a portrait depicting Libya's former ruler Moammar Gadhafi is riddled with bullet marks and vandalized with paint on a wall in Tripoli. AP photo

 

The council, which comprises envoys from all 28 member countries, is deciding on when and how to end its bombing campaign in Libya a day after Moammar Gadhafi’s death.

 

“As [supreme allied commander] I will be recommending the conclusion of this mission to the NAC in a few hours,” Stavridis wrote. “A good day for NATO, a great day for the people of Libya.”

 

The council’s decision will depend on his recommendation, but will also take into account the wishes of Libya’s new government and of the United Nations, under whose mandate NATO carried out its operations.

 

NATO earlier said its commanders were not aware that Gadhafi was in a convoy that NATO bombed as it fled Sirte. In a statement Friday, the alliance said an initial Thursday morning strike was aimed at a convoy of approximately 75 armed vehicles leaving Sirte, the Libyan city defended by Gadhafi loyalists.

 

One vehicle was destroyed, which resulted in the convoy’s dispersal. Another jet then engaged approximately 20 vehicles that were driving at great speed toward the south, destroying or damaging about 10 of them.

 

“We later learned from open sources and allied intelligence that Gadhafi was in the convoy and that the strike likely contributed to his capture,” the statement said.

 

After Libya’s former rebels killed Gadhafi on Thursday, officials said they expected the aerial operation to end very soon. But the North Atlantic Council may also decide to keep air patrols flying for several more days until the security situation on the ground stabilizes. The success of the military operation has helped reinvigorate the Cold War alliance and polished the reputation of France and Britain, the two countries that drove it forward. Analysts attributed its success to the fact that NATO remained steadfast over the summer during a long and grinding stalemate against Gadhafi loyalists and avoided the temptation to send ground troops into Libya.

 

NATO’s Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen says the end of the campaign “has now moved much closer.” He has also hailed the success of the mission, saying that it demonstrated that the alliance continues to play an “indispensable” role in confronting current and future security challenges. NATO warplanes have flown about 26,000 sorties, including over 9,600 strike missions.

 

They destroyed Libya’s air defenses and over 1,000 tanks, vehicles and guns, as well as Gadhafi’s command and control networks. The daily airstrikes finally broke the stalemate that developed after Gadhafi’s initial attempts failed to crush the rebellion that broke out in February.

 

In August, the rebels began advancing on Tripoli, with the NATO warplanes providing close air support and destroying any attempts by the defenders to block them. French President Nicolas Sarkozy said Friday that “the operation has reached its end.” But how to draw down the campaign will be decided “with our allies and also with input from the (interim government).” But in London, Britain suggested that NATO may not immediately complete its mission in Libya, wary over the potential reprisal attacks by remaining Gadhafi loyalists.

 

“NATO will now meet to decide when the mission is complete, and once we are satisfied that there is no further threat to the Libyan civilians and the Libyans are content, NATO will then arrange to wind up the operation,” British Defense Secretary Philip Hammond told BBC radio. Sarkozy, British Prime Minister David Cameron and President Barack Obama discussed the NATO campaign in a video conference late Thursday.

 

“They discussed the need to maintain the NATO-led operation while a threat remained to civilian life,” a spokeswoman for Cameron’s office said, on customary condition of anonymity.

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22 octobre 2011 6 22 /10 /octobre /2011 11:40

http://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2011/10/21/e406aa46-fc1d-11e0-9b78-4252cfd10e96.jpg

 

Un avion Rafale et un missile Mica à bord du Charles de Gaulle, au large de la Libye, le 22 mars dernier. En 26.000 sorties, les Français n'ont déploré aucune perte. Crédits photo : JEAN MICHEL TURPIN/Le Figaro Magazine

 

22/10/2011 Par Isabelle Lasserre  - Figaro.fr

 

La mission de l'Otan prendra fin le 31 octobre prochain. Lors de l'opération contre Kadhafi jeudi, c'est l'intervention de deux avions français, soutenus par un drone américain, qui a permis d'arrêter la colonne de véhicules dans laquelle se trouvait le colonel.

 

En pointe depuis le début de l'intervention militaire, l'aviation française a permis de finir en beauté la mission de l'Otan en Libye. Ce sont deux avions français, soutenus par un drone américain, qui ont stoppé la colonne de quatre-vingts véhicules qui s'enfuyait à grande vitesse de Syrte jeudi et dans laquelle se trouvait le colonel Kadhafi. À Paris comme à Bruxelles, les responsables militaires ne savaient pas que le raïs libyen était dans ce convoi. Les états-majors affirment d'ailleurs n'avoir obtenu la confirmation de la mort du Guide déchu qu'au cours de l'après-midi.

Théorie de l'escargot 

Officiellement, les bombes de 250 kilos tirées par les Mirage français étaient destinées à «freiner» la menace représentée par les véhicules et leurs occupants armés, contre les populations civiles. Mais, selon les informations recueillies par Le Figaro, les chasseurs français étaient à l'affût depuis plusieurs jours, aidés par les drones américains qui assuraient une surveillance aérienne permanente de la région. «Nous nous doutions que Kadhafi était caché quelque part à Syrte. Nous surveillions de près les différentes sorties qu'il aurait pu emprunter pour quitter la ville », confie un responsable français proche du dossier.

 

Depuis un certain temps, tous les convois quittant Syrte étaient surveillés de près par les forces de l'Otan. Arrêtés au besoin par les tirs des avions de chasse. À Paris, certains parlent de la «théorie de l'escargot quand il pleut»: «Il finit toujours par sortir.» Ce qui n'était pas prévu, c'est qu'un groupe de combattants libyens qui patrouillaient au sol réservent un pareil sort au dictateur. «Notre but n'était pas de tuer Kadhafi.» Mais «de le forcer à abandonner le pouvoir», a affirmé, vendredi, Alain Juppé.

A l'issue d'une réunion de l'Alliance à Bruxelles, son secrétaire général Anders Fogh Rasmussen a annoncé que l'Otan mettrait fin à son opération militaire en Libye le 31 octobre. D'ici là, l'Otan surveillera la situation et maintiendra ses forces pour répondre à des menaces si besoin.

 

Sans attendre la réunion de l'Otan consacrée au sujet, le ministre français des Affaires étrangères a estimé vendredi que l'opération militaire de l'Otan pouvait être considérée comme «terminée». «Je vais recommander la conclusion de cette mission au Conseil de l'Atlantique Nord de l'Otan», a indiqué l'amiral américain James Stavridis, chef du commandement allié. Même si l'Alliance pourrait, pour un certain temps encore, conserver une capacité navale et aérienne au large de la Libye, au cas où la situation l'exigerait, la France devrait revoir drastiquement à la baisse son dispositif dans les jours qui viennent.

 

C'est en tout cas la tête haute que les militaires français quitteront bientôt la Libye. En 26.000 sorties et presque 10.000 missions offensives, ils n'ont déploré aucune perte dans leur rang. Une sorte de «guerre zéro mort» permise à la fois par la précision des chasseurs et des hélicoptères d'attaque français et britanniques, ainsi que par les règles d'engagement très strictes de l'Otan.

«Partenaire principal»

Même si la France sait que l'apport des Américains, notamment en matière de renseignement et de ravitaillement, fut décisif pour le succès de l'opération en Libye, elle entend désormais jouer un rôle de «partenaire principal» auprès de la Libye. Les nouveaux dirigeants «savent qu'ils nous doivent beaucoup», estime Gérard Longuet, le ministre de la Défense, dans une interview au Monde.

 

Entre divisions du CNT - l'organe politique de la rébellion - et montée en puissance des islamistes, la suite de l'histoire libyenne risque pourtant d'être plus difficile à écrire. Y compris pour les Français, qui après avoir largement contribué à la chute de Kadhafi et à la libération du peuple libyen, aimeraient exercer une influence politique et économique à Tripoli.

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22 octobre 2011 6 22 /10 /octobre /2011 08:25

http://photo.europe1.fr/infos/international/convoi-de-kadhafi-bombarde-reuters-930620/13832209-1-fre-FR/convoi-de-kadhafi-bombarde-REUTERS-930620_scalewidth_630.jpg

Des avions français ont bombardé le convoi dans lequel

se trouvait Mouammar Kadhafi. Photo REUTERS

 

21 octobre 2011 Par Europe1.fr et Didier François, avec AFP

 

Le ministre de la Défense a indiqué que des avions français avaient stoppé le convoi du guide déchu.

 

La France a joué un rôle de premier plan dans la capture du leader libyen déchu, Mouammar Kadhafi, a annoncé jeudi soir le ministre de la Défense, Gérard Longuet. C'est en effet l'armée française qui a arrêté le convoi dans lequel il se trouvait, avant que des combats entre la garde de Kadhafi et des rebelles éclatent au sol. Capturé vivant mais blessé, selon des images filmées par les rebelles, le colonel Kadhafi est mort plus tard.

 

Un convoi repéré par un Mirage

 

L'Etat-major intégré de l'Otan a d'abord été averti par un Mirage français qu'une colonne de véhicules venait de quitter la ville de Syrte. Un convoi d'environ 80 véhicules 4x4 cherchait visiblement à fuir en direction de Beni Walid. L'avion français a pris des photos qu'il a transmis à l'Otan. Un drone américain a ensuite survolé la même zone pour recouper l'information. Vu l'importance de la cible, l'Otan a donc décidé d'intervenir.

 

Un second Mirage français s'est rendu sur zone. L'avion d'attaque au sol a lâché deux bombes de 250 kilos chacune, une sur l'avant du convoi et une autre à l'arrière pour l'immobiliser. "Un tir français a eu pour objet de donner une semonce et d'empêcher la progression de cette colonne qui s'est divisée", a déclaré le ministre de la Défense, Gérard Longuet, au cours d'une conférence de presse jeudi. Une quizaine de véhicules ont alors été détruits, mais pas celui dans lequel se trouvait Mouammar Kadhafi. "La mission de l'aviation était strictement d'arrêter la progression (du convoi)", a souligné le ministre.

 

Un responsable américain a précisé de son côté qu'un drone américain avait également tiré un missile Hellfire contre le convoi dans lequel se trouvait Kadhafi. Une information confirmée à Europe 1 par le ministère des Affaires étrangères.

 

Des combats au sol entre Libyens

 

Des combats se sont ensuite engagés au sol entre des rebelles et des soldats fidèles au colonel Kadhafi. "Une fraction des véhicules a affronté une katiba (brigade, ndlr) du Conseil national de transition" (CNT)", a poursuivi Gérard Longuet. "Dans ces affrontements, des véhicules ont été détruits, des personnes blessées et tuées et parmi celles-là est apparu, après confirmation (...), qu'en faisait partie le colonel Kadhafi", a-t-il ajouté.

 

La mort de Mouammar Kadhafi devrait sonner la fin de l'intervention de l'Otan en Libye. Le ministre des Affaires étrangères, Alain Juppé, a estimé que l'opération sera terminée à partir du moment où le Conseil national de transition proclamera la libération du territoire libyen. Une annonce qui devrait intervenir dans les prochaines heures. Les hélicoptères français engagés en Libye ainsi que le navire sur lequel ils étaient déployés sont déjà sur la route du retour. Selon les informations d'Europe 1, ils ont déjà mis le cap sur la base navale de Toulon.

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21 octobre 2011 5 21 /10 /octobre /2011 12:15
NATO examines Libya withdrawal from Friday

Oct 20, 2011 SpaceWar.com (AFP)

 

NATO will begin Friday winding up its six-month mission in Libya, after the military alliance hailed the end of a four-decade "rule of fear" with Moamer Kadhafi's death.

 

"After 42 years, Colonel Kadhafi's rule of fear has finally come to an end," Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said.

 

Inviting the Libyan people to now "truly decide their own future", he said an end to NATO's involvement in the oil-rich north African state "has now moved much closer".

 

Calling on "all Libyans to put aside their differences and work together to build a brighter future", Rasmussen said NATO "will terminate (its) mission" in coordination with the UN and the National Transitional Council (NTC).

 

He pinpointed a need for the NTC "to prevent any reprisals against civilians and to show restraint in dealing with defeated pro-Kadhafi forces".

 

But he added: "With the reported fall of Bani Walid and Sirte, that moment has now moved much closer."

 

NATO's Supreme Allied Commander, Admiral James Stavridis, is due to issue a recommendation, "probably tomorrow, for the end of the operation", a NATO official said.

 

Another senior official also said military planners would recommend "within a day or so" whether to call a complete halt to the mission or "to halt the strikes and continue monitoring for a couple of weeks".

 

A "key factor" is whether the NTC can provide adequate security on the ground, the official said.

 

"From the moment the NTC declares that Libyan territory has been liberated, then obviously the NATO operation is over," French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe told French radio during a visit to India.

 

"Today, Libya's future begins," said the NTC's ambassador to Britain Mahmud Nacua late on Thursday.

 

However, he refused to be drawn on whether the NTC now planned to hold elections.

 

"The next step (is), we look forward to building a new Libya as a state of law," he said.

 

A final decision to end the NATO mission will rest with the ambassadors of the 28-nation alliance.

 

NATO aircraft struck two pro-Kadhafi military vehicles in the vicinity of Sirte on Thursday morning.

 

Asked whether the fugitive Libyan leader had been hit in the strikes, a NATO spokesman said: "It's very possible because of the timing but we cannot confirm it."

 

Since March 31, NATO warplanes prevented Kadhafi from crushing a rebellion that erupted in February while daily bombing runs left the fugitive former leader's military in tatters, allowing the ragtag rebel army to take over the country in August.

 

Since taking over air and sea operations around Libya on March 31, NATO has launched 9,618 strike sorties.

 

It was the first NATO operation with Europeans in the driver's seat while the United States took a backup role.

 

But Operation Unified Protector revealed shortcomings within the 28-nation alliance, with some allies refusing to participate while those who did relied heavily on the United States for key intelligence and logistics support.

 

Only eight NATO states took part in bombing missions -- France, Britain, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Italy and the United States -- while Germany and Poland irked allies by staying out of the fight.

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21 octobre 2011 5 21 /10 /octobre /2011 11:35
Le NH90 Caiman sera livré au Gamstat de Valence avant fin 2011 - photo NHI

Le NH90 Caiman sera livré au Gamstat de Valence avant fin 2011 - photo NHI

21 octobre 2011 par Rédaction Aerobuzz

 

L’hélicoptère de transport tactique NH90 Caiman, destiné à l’Armée de terre a entamé début octobre ses premiers vols à partir du site Eurocopter de Marignane. Le successeur du Puma devrait entrer en service opérationnel en 2013.

 

Fraichement revêtu de sa livrée définitive, le NH90 Caiman a entamé un programme de vol chargé qui devrait déboucher sur une livraison à l’ALAT, et plus précisément au Gamstat, situé à Valence, avant la fin de l’année. Pour l’heure, tous les systèmes critiques du futur hélicoptère de transport tactique de l’armée de terre française font l’objet d’une vérification systématique lors d’un programme de qualification draconien, et les résultats obtenus sont, aux dires de membres du programme, très positifs.

 

La machine semble bien née, il faut dire qu’elle est une des premières livrées par l’industriel de Marignane au standard opérationnel définitif également désigné FOC (Full Operational Capability). Jusqu’à présent les NH90 sortant des chaines d’assemblage étaient livrés à leurs clients européens à des standards intermédiaires désignés IOC, IOC+, avec la promesse de les porter au standard définitif ultérieurement. Lors de sa mise en service opérationnelle, qui devrait intervenir vers 2013, l’appareil remplacera les vénérables Pumas dans les missions de transport tactique et logistique mais aussi pour certaines missions spéciales.

 

Lors de son entrée en service, cet hélicoptère de nouvelle génération, représentera un saut technologique pour l’ALAT du même ordre de magnitude que la relève par le Tigre des Gazelle de combat. Le Caiman Tactique se distingue de ses prédécesseurs par tout un ensemble d’avancées techniques majeures. A titre d’exemple, sa cellule est en matériaux composites afin de gagner du poids, mais aussi de réduire sa signature radar et son exposition aux risques de corrosion. Ses deux turbines RTM 322 de Rolls Royce Turbomeca de la classe des 2000 KW entièrement gérés par une régulation numérique devraient lui offrir une capacité de transport améliorée en conditions « haut et chaud » comme c’est le cas en Afghanistan. Autre innovation majeure du Caiman, ses commandes de vol électriques qui lui confèrent une agilité redoutable en vol tactique. Même si le combat pur et dur n’est pas sa vocation première, le NH90 peut cependant être armé avec des nacelles canon de 20mm ou des armes de sabord.

 

Cellule en composites, glass cockpit et commandes de vol électriques, le NH90 Caiman  constitue un saut technologique pour l’ALAT qui en sera dotée à partir de 2013  photo NHI

Cellule en composites, glass cockpit et commandes de vol électriques, le NH90 Caiman constitue un saut technologique pour l’ALAT qui en sera dotée à partir de 2013 photo NHI

Pour ce qui est du cockpit, là aussi le dépaysement est total par rapport au Puma. La planche de bord est articulée autour de cinq écrans multifonctions compatibles JVN. Mais lors des vols tactiques de nuit à grande vitesse, les pilotes peuvent compter sur leur viseur de casque ajusté aux mensurations du pilote. Pour l’Armée de Terre, l’arrivée du NH90, bien que tardive sera une bouffée d’oxygène dans un contexte d’utilisation intensive des hélicoptères de transport…

 

La Marine Nationale, de son côté compte pour l’instant 5 NH90 NFH Caiman. Des hélicoptères livrés au standard provisoire, STEP A et qui sont destinés à relever les Super Frelon et les Lynx dans leurs missions de sauvetage et de lutte anti navires. Quatre se trouvent actuellement sur la base de Hyères tandis que le cinquième a été récemment transféré sur la base Lanveoc Poulmic. A ce stade, le consortium NHI qui gère le programme a 520 hélicoptères en commande et en a déjà livré 82.

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21 octobre 2011 5 21 /10 /octobre /2011 07:53

http://www.meretmarine.com/objets/500/37559.jpg

 

L'amiral Rogel a pris ses fonctions de CEMM le 12 septembre

crédits : MER ET MARINE - JEAN-LOUIS VENNE

 

21/10/2011 MER et MARINE

 

Chef d'état-major de la Marine nationale depuis septembre, l'amiral Bernard Rogel a été auditionné le 12 octobre par la commission de la Défense de l'Assemblée nationale. Durant cet échange avec les députés, le nouveau patron de la flotte française est longuement revenu sur une période d'activité très dense pour les marins français. Libye, Côte d'Ivoire, océan Indien... La flotte a été exceptionnellement sollicitée depuis le début de l'année. « Si, en 2010, l'activité est restée maîtrisée dans la limite des potentiels alloués, le premier semestre 2011 se caractérise par une augmentation de l'activité globale de 12 % de l'ensemble des bâtiments. Ainsi, ce sont en moyenne 3170 marins qui ont été engagés dans des opérations extérieures au premier semestre, contre 1280 pour l'ensemble de l'année 2010. Aujourd'hui, la consommation de potentiel dépasse l'allocation annuelle de plus de 30 % pour le porte-avions, les bâtiments de projection et de commandement (BPC) et les avions de patrouille maritime Atlantique 2. En bref, nous venons de vivre une période « extra-ordinaire » au sens très littéral du terme, c'est-à-dire très au-delà de l'ordinaire budgétaire prévu », souligne le CEMM.


Le Charles de Gaulle et le pétrolier-ravitailleur Meuse (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Rafale et SEM sur le Charles de Gaulle (© : EMA)

Depuis le début de l'année, la France a envoyé son groupe aéronaval en océan Indien, où il a notamment soutenu les troupes engagées en Afghanistan, puis au large de la Libye dans le cadre de l'opération Harmattan. L'engagement de la marine a, également, été crucial en Côte d'Ivoire au début de l'année. Le bâtiment de projection et de commandement Tonnerre, puis le transport de chalands de débarquement Foudre, ont assuré discrètement le soutien de la Force Licorne, confrontée aux troubles liés à l'élection présidentielle ivoirienne « Resté 63 jours à la mer, sans toucher terre, il a apporté un renfort de troupes essentiel et discret. Grâce à sa polyvalence, de nombreux flux de matériel et de personnel ont été programmés, alors que la logistique par voie aérienne et terrestre était devenue très difficile », a noté l'amiral Rogel, qui parle de « rôle déterminant » de la présence d'un bâtiment de projection pour les opérations menées sur le sol ivoirien.
En Afrique toujours, l'aéronautique navale a aussi mobilisé, de septembre 2010 à avril 2011, jusqu'à trois avions de patrouille maritime Atlantique 2, un avion de surveillance maritime Falcon 50M et huit équipages pour le besoin des opérations antiterroristes menées dans le Sahel.


Le groupe aéronaval (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Atlantique 2 (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

Harmattan : Un test grandeur nature

L'année 2011 restera bien évidemment marquée par la participation de la Marine nationale à l'opération Harmattan, déclenchée le 23 février afin de protéger les civils libyens contre les troupes du colonel Kadhafi. Cet engagement militaire se poursuit, bien qu'il semble devoir toucher à sa fin, Syrte venant de tomber alors que mort de l'ancien maître de Tripoli a été annoncée hier. Pour cette mission, l'essentiel des bâtiments de premier rang basés à Toulon ont été envoyés au large de la Libye : porte-avions, BPC, frégates, patrouilleurs, sous-marins... Jusqu'ici, 29 navires se sont succédé au sein de la Task Force 473 et du volet naval de l'opération Unified Protector de l'OTAN. « Par son caractère littoral et son intensité, cette opération a nécessité un niveau d'engagement exceptionnel de l'ensemble des composantes de la marine. Nos unités ont appareillé en quelques jours, voire en quelques heures. Cet exercice de vérité nous a permis de mesurer notre réactivité, mais aussi notre capacité à mener des opérations de haute intensité, exigeant un niveau de coopération interarmées, inter-composantes et interalliée, dont très peu de marines sont aujourd'hui capables. Cette opération n'a pas mobilisé seulement les équipages mais l'ensemble de la marine, tant dans le domaine des ressources humaines que dans celui du maintien en condition opérationnelle (MCO) et de la chaîne du soutien », souligne l'amiral Rogel. Ainsi, quasiment toutes les spécialités de la marine et de l'aéronautique navale ont été mises à pied d'oeuvre pour « contrôler l'espace aéromaritime, opérer des missions de renseignement et conduire des frappes coordonnées impliquant des avions de chasse, des hélicoptères, des avions de patrouille maritime et des bâtiments de surface en appui-feu naval ». Le porte-avions Charles de Gaulle, avec son groupe aérien embarqué composé de Rafale Marine, Super Etendard Modernisés (SEM) et Hawkeye, a effectué à lui seul 1573 missions de combat. Quant au groupe aéromobile de l'armée de Terre embarqué sur les BPC (une quinzaine d'hélicoptères Tigre, Gazelle et Puma), il a effectué une quarantaine de raids contre les troupes kadhafistes.
Les frégates ont, quant à elles, tiré quelques 3000 obus pour 85 engagements contre des moyens militaires positionnés sur le littoral, tout en étant à plusieurs reprises prises pour cible par l'artillerie libyenne.


Le BPC Mistral (© : EMA)


Hélicoptères sur le BPC Tonnerre (© : EMA)


Gazelle au large de la Libye (© : EMA)


Frégates françaises (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Tir d'un canon de 100mm (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

Premiers enseignements des opérations en Libye

L'amiral Rogel a, par ailleurs, tiré les premiers enseignements de l'intervention en Libye. « Tout d'abord, elle a amplement validé et confirmé les grandes orientations capacitaires, actuelles ou futures, retenues pour la marine. Elle a aussi souligné l'indispensable complémentarité interarmées pour les opérations de projection « d'entrée en premier » et d'action vers la terre. Elle a notamment montré la remarquable efficacité, la fiabilité et la polyvalence du Rafale marine, la justesse de nos choix pour le BPC qui ont conduit à privilégier la fonction « porte-hélicoptères d'assaut », la forte implication des frégates et des sous-marins nucléaires d'attaque (SNA) dans l'action vers la terre et notre capacité de frappe dans la profondeur (missile Scalp EG tiré par les Rafale, complété dans quelques années par le MdCN mis en oeuvre depuis frégates, ndlr). Elle a également conforté la valeur de notre modèle de préparation opérationnelle, grâce aux trois principes de notre socle organique renforcé : un niveau de disponibilité opérationnelle homogène au sein de la flotte, qui a permis d'engager sans délai la plupart des bâtiments de premier rang ; une grande polyvalence de nos bâtiments et de nos équipages qui peuvent changer de mission sans difficulté ; un professionnalisme orienté vers la combativité des équipages grâce à un entraînement permanent et exigeant. Enfin, cette opération a aussi confirmé la pertinence des choix qui ont conduit à conserver des savoir-faire classiques tels que l'appui-feu naval, l'intérêt des déploiements réguliers de groupes navals constitués qui favorisent la capacité des forces à être engagées sans délai ainsi que l'importance de la mobilisation organique dans les domaines des ressources humaines et de la logistique, pour répondre, dans la durée, au besoin opérationnel et effectuer des relèves régulières ».
Le CEMM note aussi que l'opération a également mis en évidence « l'intérêt des drones tactiques embarqués, la nécessité d'une mise à niveau des pods de désignation et de l'extension du spectre d'emploi des armes sur le Rafale marine dans le cadre d'un conflit urbain, l'intérêt d'une artillerie navale optimisée pour le tir contre la terre ».


Rafale Marine à l'appontage (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Le Forbin près du Charles de Gaulle (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

Mener des opérations exceptionnelles en plus des missions habituelles

Ces opérations ont menés en parallèle des déploiements habituels de la marine. En océan Indien par exemple, où des moyens sont déployés en permanence au sein de la Task Force 150 de lutte contre le terrorisme (dont la France a assuré le commandement d'avril à août) et les trafics illicites, ainsi que l'opération Atalante de lutte contre la piraterie. Dissuasion nucléaire, surveillance et contrôle des espaces maritimes, protection du littoral, sauvetage en mer, police des pêches, lutte contre le narcotrafic ou l'immigration clandestine... L'amiral Rogel a rappelé devant les députés que les opérations très médiatisées avaient été menées en parallèle des missions habituelles : « La Marine nationale agit au quotidien pour défendre les intérêts de notre pays avec toutes ses composantes et dans chacune des autres fonctions stratégiques que sont en premier lieu la dissuasion, mais aussi la connaissance et l'anticipation, la prévention, la protection et l'intervention ». Et le chef d'état-major de citer quelques chiffres. Dans la lutte contre le narcotrafic dans l'arc antillais, cinq navires ont été déroutés et près de neuf tonnes de cocaïne saisies. En matière de lutte contre l'immigration clandestine à Mayotte en provenance des Comores, 2236 migrants et 132 passeurs ont été interceptés. La police des pêches, qui représente plus de 1000 jours de mer et 200 heures de vol, a contrôlé plus de 3000 navires et en a dérouté près de 50. La recherche et le sauvetage en mer ont permis de sauver un peu moins de 400 vies. Dans le même temps, neuf navires en difficulté ont été remorqués, alors qu'une vingtaine d'autres étaient escortés.


Sous-marin nucléaire lanceur d'engins au large de Brest (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Sauvetage d'immigrés clandestins en Méditerranée (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Police des pêches en Guyane (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Le remorqueur Abeille Flandre lors du naufrage du Neptune, cet été (© : MARINE NATIONALE)


Evacuation médicale sur un chalutier (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

« Le format de notre marine est aujourd'hui juste suffisant »

L'activité a donc été particulièrement soutenue et, en raison des réductions de format imposées ces dernières années, ce qui devait arriver arriva : N'ayant pas suffisamment de bâtiments, la marine n'a pas été en mesure d'assurer toutes ses missions. « Il a fallu faire des choix », a reconnu l'amiral Rogel devant la commission de la Défense. « Ce fort engagement a conduit à arbitrer entre les opérations. Toutes les demandes, notamment certaines prévues par le contrat opérationnel de la marine, n'ont pu être honorées ». Ainsi, l'aéronautique navale a été contrainte d'interrompre le déploiement d'un Atlantique 2 en océan Indien, des missions considérées comme plus urgentes retenant les appareils sur d'autres théâtres (Sahel puis Libye). Dans la même région, à partir du mois de juin, la présence de la marine a été réduite à un seul bâtiment, alors qu'au moins deux unités sont présentes en océan Indien normalement. Là encore, c'est la Libye qui a imposé ce choix, difficile dans la mesure où il bénéficie aux pirates toujours très actifs au large de la Somalie, en prise directe avec l'une des plus importantes voies commerciales du monde. De même, l'opération Harmattan a contraint la marine à geler, en juillet 2011, la mission Corymbe, au travers de laquelle une présence maritime permanente est maintenue dans le golfe de Guinée depuis les années 70. Comme l'océan Indien, il s'agit pourtant d'une zone très sensible, où l'on déploie des unités par nécessité stratégique, non par « confort ». On notera aussi que le très haut niveau d'engagement de la flotte a obligé l'état-major à renoncer durant quatre mois à déployer en Atlantique un sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque, dont le rôle est notamment d'assurer la protection des sous-marins stratégiques. Enfin, faute de navire, il a fallu annuler la moitié des missions prévues en Méditerranée dans le cadre de la lutte contre le narcotrafic.


Interception de trafiquants de drogue (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

Parallèlement, l'amiral Rogel note que la disponibilité des forces n'a pu être maintenue « qu'au prix d'une tension extrême sur nos moyens de soutien. À titre d'exemple, à peine trois mois après le début des opérations, les taux de prélèvements de pièces sur les bâtiments avaient augmenté de 300 %, la permanence d'une frégate de défense aérienne de type Horizon en état opérationnel a, en pratique, nécessité la mutualisation d'équipements entre les deux frégates (32 prélèvements mutuels sur des composants majeurs comme les conduites de tir, le radar de veille aérienne et la propulsion) ». L'ensemble fait dire au chef de la flotte française que la situation est tendue en cas de grande opération imprévue : « Tout ceci démontre que le format de notre marine est aujourd'hui juste suffisant pour répondre aux ambitions de défense et de sécurité de notre pays ».


Protection d'un navire marchand au large de la Somalie (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

Reconstituer le potentiel

L'activité particulièrement soutenue enregistrée ces derniers mois laisse également une marine « fatiguée ». Après avoir brillamment rempli les missions qui lui ont été confiée, la flotte et les marins doivent se reconstituer. Il faut notamment régénérer le potentiel, la mobilisation en opérations ayant entrainé l'interruption de certains programmes de formation, par exemple chez les pilotes ou dans le domaine de la lutte anti-sous-marine. Il a, également, fallu retarder légèrement la transformation de la flottille 11F, qui va passer dans l'année qui vient du SEM au Rafale. « Nos moyens ont été sollicités de manière exceptionnelle et requièrent aujourd'hui toute notre énergie pour le maintien et la régénération de notre potentiel. Mon premier souci sera donc d'assurer le meilleur emploi des ressources », explique l'amiral Rogel. Cette suractivité engendre également une problématique de coûts. « Cette année, le niveau d'activité de la plupart de nos grands bâtiments de combat a excédé très sensiblement les normes de la loi de programmation militaire (LPM). Il a induit un surcroît de dépenses inhabituel, évalué à moins de 100 millions d'euros sur les périmètres du Maintien en Condition Opérationnelle (MCO) naval et aéronaval. L'abondement des ressources par la dotation OPEX (opérations extérieures) sera donc déterminant pour l'équilibre de la gestion 2011 ». Alors que les stocks, notamment en munitions, doivent être reconstitués, il reste désormais à voir si l'effort considérable réalisé depuis le début de l'année aura un impact sur la disponibilité des matériels dans les prochains mois.
Le CEMM se dit en tous cas satisfait de ses hommes et de ses unités : « Je suis aujourd'hui à la tête d'une marine de premier rang, efficiente et réactive qui permet à notre pays de répondre aux enjeux de sécurité et de défense de notre pays dans un monde qui se mondialise, donc se « maritimise ». Cette marine, elle l'a démontré dans les mois qui viennent de s'écouler, est bien équipée, bien entraînée et vous pouvez compter sur les forces morales de ses femmes et de ses hommes dont l'unique but est de servir notre pays. Mais cela n'a pas été sans arbitrage et mon souci majeur, à l'issue d'une période d'activité intense, est de gérer les sollicitations opérationnelles et les moyens disponibles », a assuré le « chef » devant les députés.


Un SEM à l'appontage et la frégate Cassard au second plan (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

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21 octobre 2011 5 21 /10 /octobre /2011 07:50

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10/20/2011  Defence Review Asia - defenceiq.com

 

The Cold War years pitted submarine forces of the United States and the Soviet Union against one another and spurned the development of sophisticated Anti-Submarine Warfare aircraft to counter the undersea threat.
Vast expanses of the Indian and Pacific Oceans provided ideal submarine operating grounds and the Asia-Pacific region played an important part in the battle plans of both American and Soviet Navies.
 
Since the end of the Cold War the diminished submarine threat has evolved the role of Maritime Patrol Aircraft to focus more on Maritime Surveillance of crucial shipping lanes, border protection and fisheries patrol.

Several regional conflicts and the increase of terrorism and pirate-related activities has seen a proliferation of MPA assets, ranging from the top-of-the-range Long Range Maritime Patrol aircraft to the relatively cheap to operate littoral surveillance platforms used by Coastguards and quasi-military organisations.

Platforms

Arguably the most prolific MPA in the region is the Lockheed Martin P-3 Orion, with no fewer than seven countries flying versions of the type. Several countries have either recently upgraded them, or have acquired second-hand aircraft which have been upgraded before delivery and there is an ongoing market for this work.

Boeing sees the737-based P-8 Poseidon Multi-Role Maritime Surveillance aircraft as the natural successor to the P-3 and India has become the first export customer for the aircraft to replace its existing fleet of ex-Soviet types. Australia also has a requirement to partially replace its upgraded AP-3C aircraft.
 
There is a growing market for a so-called second-tier platform, particularly among countries that need to safeguard their coastline and maritime approaches, but do not have the requirement to patrol vast stretches of open ocean. Typical of these are the ATR-42 Surveyor MP and the Airbus Military CN235MP Persuader. Locally, Indonesian Aerospace (PTDI) manufactures a variant of the CN235MPA to fulfil its own requirements and has also enjoyed some export success.

At the lighter end of the market, the Dornier/RUAG Do228 has enjoyed some success, alongside aircraft such as Hawker Beechcraft’s King Air 200T and Airbus Military C212 Aviocar. Unmanned platforms, such as Northrop Grumman’s MQ-4C Global Hawk are also set to proliferate.

Setting aside deployed US assets; the following is a brief overview of Maritime Patrol Aircraft activity in the region.

Australia

Australia has a fleet of 18 AP-3C Orions, which have maintained a continuous deployment to the Middle East since 2003. This has seen the mission set evolve from traditional Maritime Patrol to the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) and has even added an overland surveillance role. They are subject to further upgrade, ensuring viability until replacement by both manned and unmanned platforms over the next decade.

In a similar manner to the US Navy’s Broad Area Maritime Surveillance project, the AP-3C will be replaced by the P-8A Poseidon and a High Altitude Long Endurance unmanned platform later in the decade.

In addition, the civilian Coastwatch organization has a fleet of Bombardier DHC-8-200 patrol aircraft in support of Australian Customs and border protection agencies.
 
Bangladesh
 
Having previously held discussions with Indonesia over the purchase of CN235MPA or NC212 aircraft, the Bangladesh Navy announced in June that it would purchase two RUAG Do228NG (New Generation) aircraft.
 
The first fixed-wing aircraft to be operated by the Bangladesh Navy, the two specially-equipped aircraft will be used for maritime air patrol and search and rescue missions. Deliveries will begin in 2013.
 
Brunei
 
The oil-rich state of Brunei currently uses three Indonesian-built CN235-110MP aircraft to fulfil its maritime surveillance requirements.
 
The 2011 Defence White Paper flags Brunei’s desire to enhance this capability, saying it wishes to ‘develop a comprehensive recognised Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance picture’, as one of its priorities. Local press reports suggest further MP aircraft, with a more extensive sensor suite, will be purchased as a priority.
 

 

 China
 
Although historically not a major user of Maritime Patrol aircraft, the emerging ambitions of China to become a global naval power will see capability increase dramatically over the next few years.
 
China is set to join the exclusive ranks of nations able to project air power off the decks of aircraft carriers and has a fast-growing submarine fleet which need protecting.
 
The country has operated a small fleet of Shaanxi Industry Corporation Y-8MPA aircraft since 1984. The aircraft is a development of the transport Y-8, itself a locally-built variant of the Russian Antonov An-12 and equipped with western surface surveillance radar.
 
China is embracing UAV technology and is known to be developing a High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) platform. It has also displayed CG imagery of one such vehicle detecting and engaging a US Carrier Battle Group at the recent Zhuhai Airshow.
 
India
 
Over recent years the Indian Navy has relied upon the Ilyushin IL-38 ‘May’ and the mighty Tupelov Tu-142 ‘Bear’ for its Maritime Patrol capability. The Il-38s were reportedly upgraded to IL-38SD configuration with the Russian ‘Sea Dragon’ Multi-Mission Avionics and EW suite a few years ago but twelve Boeing P-8I Poseidons are on order, for delivery from 2013.
 
A version of the baseline US Navy P-8A, the aircraft represent the first purchase of an American combat aircraft in India’s history and the first export order.
 
The Indian Navy and Coastguard operate the Pilatus-Britten Norman BN-2B Islander and locally-assembled Do228 for littoral surveillance, and both will be replaced by a second-tier MPA system. Airbus Military are offering the CN235MP, whilst SAAB has proposed an AESA-equipped version of its SAAB 2000 MPA. Other companies are expected to bid when a formal competition begins in the next year or two.
 
India is also a proponent of unmanned surveillance, particularly in the wake of the recent Mumbai terrorist attacks and has a mix of IAI Searcher and Heron UAVs for coastal patrols.
 
Indonesia
 
Maritime surveillance of the huge Indonesian archipelago is divided between the TNI-AU (Air Force) and TNI-AL (Navy) and both services are in the process of receiving locally-built CN235-200MPAs to fulfil future requirements.
 
Three Boeing 737-2X9 Surveiller aircraft were delivered to the Air Force in 1982, equipped with a Side-Looking Airborne Modular Multi-Role Radar (SLAMMR) and a single CN235MPA was delivered in 2009.
Three similar CN235-220MPAs were ordered for the Navy in December 2009 to augment three local conversions of the NC212-200MPA, the last of which was delivered in 2007. The three aircraft represent half of the planned capability required to fulfil the Indonesian Government’s Maritime Essential Force concept, and up to 16 may be acquired over the next decade.
 
Japan
 
Japan flew the first prototype of its indigenous Kawasaki Heavy Industries XP-1 Maritime Patrol Aircraft in September 2007 and plans to acquire 65 aircraft for the Japan Maritime Self Defence Force.
The turbofan-powered P-1 will ultimately replace Japan’s fleet of 100 (largely) KHI-built P-3C Orions acquired from 1981.
 
The JMSDF also operates a squadron of ShinMaywa US-2 four-engined amphibians for coastal search and rescue duties.
 
The Japanese Maritime Safety Agency (Coastguard) has a mixed fleet of Hawker Beechcraft King Air 200Ts, SAAB 340s and NAMC YS-11s on fisheries and border patrol and anti-pollution flights around Japan’s maritime areas of interest. 
 
Malaysia
 
The Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia (TUDM) has a small fleet of Hawker Beechcraft 200Ts for maritime patrol, with a requirement to acquire a new capability during the next few years. Press reports in 2009 suggested Malaysia would sign an agreement with Indonesia for four CN235-200MPAs, but there has been no official announcement of such a deal by either Government.
 
Malaysia’s proximity to some of the worlds’ busiest sea lanes, in particular the Straits of Malacca was a catalyst behind the formation of the Air Wing of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency. Two Bombardier CL-415 amphibians were acquired in 2009 and converted to Maritime Patrol configuration with the installation of a Side Looking Infra Red Radar, an EO/IR turret and observation windows. The two CL-415MPs operate alongside a small fleet of helicopters in Malaysia’s territorial waters.
 
Myanmar
 
Myanmar received a gift of two Pilatus Britten Norman BN-2B Defenders from the Indian Navy in 2006 and a further pair was transferred the following year. Indian press reports at the time foreshadowed the possibility of further deliveries, but it is not known if this has, or will, occur.
 
India had flown the aircraft in the Maritime Patrol role but local sources suggest the aircraft were stripped of role-specific equipment before delivery.
 
New Zealand
 
Six P-3K Orions are flown by the Royal New Zealand Air Force and are currently in the process of a major senor and systems upgrade. In the late 1990s they became the first P-3s to undergo a re-wing programme, extending their operational life until 2025.
 
The first upgraded aircraft, now designated P-3K2, arrived in New Zealand in April after being converted by L-3 Systems in the United States. The remaining aircraft are being upgraded by Safe Air NZ at Woodbourne and the largely Off-The-Shelf sensors and systems will provide enhanced ISR capability.
The country also has a requirement for a second tier MPA, to shoulder much of the fisheries patrol and border protection work. The 2010 Defence White Paper proposes a future force structure which will include a short-range MPA, which will also have a transport and pilot training capability. It also flags a P-3K2 replacement, to be studied sometime after 2015.

Pakistan
 
The Pakistani Navy first ordered the Lockheed Martin P-3C Orion in 1992, to replace a small force of Aerospatiale Atlantics, but these were embargoed by the US Government until 1996.
 
A second batch of eight ex-US Navy aircraft were acquired through a Foreign Military Sales deal in 2005. Seven are being upgraded by Lockheed Martin prior to delivery and the first was delivered to Karachi in January 2007 to join the two survivors of the first batch. Deliveries are to be completed in 2012.
 
Two P-3Cs were destroyed in the recent terrorist attack on PNS Mehran near Karachi, which is also home base to five Fokker F.27-200 Maritime aircraft.
 
Philippines
 
Four Fokker F.27 Maritime aircraft were delivered to the Philippine Air Force in 1982 but it is thought only two are currently active. The Navy also has a small fleet of BN-2A Defenders and at least one has recently been upgraded with modern navigations and communications systems.
 
President Benigno Aquino announced an Air Force modernisation package in July last year, which included a single ‘long-range maritime patrol aircraft’ of an undisclosed type.
 
Singapore
 
The island state of Singapore maintains a modern and well equipped defence force which, in technical terms, is second to none in the region.
 
Maritime patrol is currently provided by a squadron of five Fokker 50 Enforcers, but the Republic of Singapore Air Force has reportedly expressed recent interest in acquiring several ex-US Navy P-3Cs. Boeing naturally sees Singapore as a future P-8A customer when it comes time to replace the Fokker 50s.
 
Singapore deployed a Fokker 50MPA to Djibouti in April, as part of the multinational Task Force 151 charged with counter-piracy duties in the Gulf of Aden.

South Korea
 
The Republic of Korea Navy received the first of eight P-3C Orions in 1995 and has recently begun taking delivery of a like number of P-3CKs. The P-3CKs are ex-USN P-3Bs upgraded by Korean Aerospace Industries and L-3 Communications, first ordered in 2002 but delayed by systems integration problems.
 
The first three were handed over at Pohang in March 2010.
 
In January 2009, Indonesian Aersospace announced it would supply four CN235-110MP aircraft to the South Korean Coastguard by 2012.
 
South Korea has also expressed a desire to acquire the Global Hawk HALE UAV for surveillance operations but is yet to gain US approval for any FMS sale.
 
Taiwan
 
Taiwan is also in the process of requiring refurbished ex-USN P-3s to update its maritime patrol capabilities.
 
Plans to acquire twelve P-3Cs were announced in late 2004, but the deal was repeatedly frustrated by wrangling between the two Governments. Taiwan originally wanted to refurbish eight of the aircraft locally, but an agreement was finally reached in 2009 for all work to be carried out in the United States.
 
The first aircraft was inducted into Lockheed Martin’s Maritime Systems and Sensors Tactical Systems facility in St Paul Minnesota in January 2010 and the final aircraft is expected to begin refurbishment in 2013.
 
The Republic of China Navy currently operates around twenty turboprop Grumman S-2T Trackers.

Thailand
 
The Royal Thai Navy flies a mixed maritime patrol fleet of three F.27-200ME Maritime Enforcers, seven Dornier Do228-212s, two Bombardier CL-215s and two P-3T Orions, the latter supported by a UP-3T trainer.
 
The service has also flown a number of piston-engined S-2F Trackers over the years, but it is not known if any of these remain in service today.

Vietnam
 
Vietnam took delivery of the first of three Airbus Military C212-400MPAs in August and a second will arrive by the end of the year. The last aircraft will follow in 2012.
 
Equipped with the Swedish Space Corporation MSS 6000 SLAR, they will be used for maritime patrol, coastal surveillance, fisheries patrol and anti-drug trafficking operations.
 
Four Soviet-era Beriev Be-12 flying boats have been flown on Anti-Submarine Warfare duties since 1981, but it is not known if these are still serviceable.
 
In 2005 an order for twelve PZL-Mielec M-28 Skytrucks was announced, but only two were delivered. Plans to fit these with a maritime patrol sensor suite were seemingly abandoned after one aircraft crashed shortly after delivery.
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21 octobre 2011 5 21 /10 /octobre /2011 07:45
Does EU Defence Initiative Mark the Beginning of a Truly Competitive Military Equipment Market?

Source: Atlantic Council

 

10/20/2011 Jonathan Dowdall - defenceiq.com

 

2011 is proving a momentous year for European militaries, with both spending cuts and new cooperative ties radically shaking-up the defence establishment. Yet whilst the austerity screws continue to tighten in national capitals, in the European Union’s corridors of power, something far more fundamental is coming into force. On the 21st of August, phase two of the EU’s “Defence Package” passed into binding law, beginning a paradigm shift for European defence industry relations. Indeed to put it simply - and in the words of an executive from one of Europe’s largest defence companies - “this is the biggest thing to happen to European defence ever.”

 

As always, Defence Dateline will take you through the key points of this landmark policy.

 

The need to “De-frag” EU defence

 

The Defence Package seeks to address the fragmentation and un-competitiveness of the EU’s defence industry. The core question is: how has a continent that spends a not-insignificant €200bn a year on defence ended up with so little “bang for its buck”?

 

The arguments about low overall investment are well known, but in addition, inefficiencies in EU member state defence spending are exasperated by the division of its defence industrial base into 27 national markets. This fragmentation creates additional costs for buyers – i.e. European militaries - in two ways.

 

Firstly, because nations must acquire and pay for a myriad array of export licenses for even the simplest inter-EU weapons sale, pan-European defence transactions incur significant overheads. In fact, the European Commission has estimated that individual national licensing regimes and a lack of uniformity in application processes generates €400m in costs a year.

 

Secondly, Europe’s defence industry has for many years remained outside of the EU free market, due to a key component of the EU’s Lisbon Treaty - Article 296. This article allows nations to exempt defence and sensitive military procurement contracts from EU open competition laws - under the banner of “national security interests”.

Unsurprisingly in an industrial sector populated by national champions and niche interests, in practice almost all defence contracts have been declared “Art. 296”, and thus closed to open tender. This has obvious implications for market transparency and supply-discrimination, but it also creates generally disadvantageous market conditions across the EU. In effect, most national companies have guaranteed first access to their government’s contracts, regardless of competitors just across the border. This is not good for market and pricing forces, and it is not good for European military effectiveness.

 

Leveling the playing field

 

To address these issues, the EU legislated a “two-for-one” package of laws in 2009 to tackle these systemic problems.

Part 1, which came into force on the 30th of June 2011, addresses the issue of export licenses. It induces member states to replace their existing individual licences with a general EU certificate for arms transfers between member state markets. If successfully implemented, this should reduce the bureaucratic overhead for inter-EU transfers to a simple and quick “rubberstamp”. Cross-border industrial transfers, as well as military procurement, will both stand to gain from such a move, at a fraction of the current export licensing cost.

 

Part 2, which entered into force on the 21st of August 2011, tackles the larger problem of national protectionism. This directive demands that national procurement agencies align their contract tender announcements into a common EU format. Yet more crucially, it also puts additional restrictions on the use of Art. 296, by demanding that most supply or service contracts above €412,000 or procurement contracts above €5.15mmust abide by EU free market laws, meaning that they must be publicly announced and left open to European bids.

 

It is this second provision which seeks to truly shake-up the old order. By pushing European defence procurement into the open market, the EU is seeking to break monopolistic and protectionist tendencies in the defence sector. Significantly more European defence bids should, under the Defence Package, be open to any company within the EU, without prejudice to their country of origin.

 

Testing times - theory and practice

 

Needless to say, this utopian vision of a truly open defence market will not manifest over-night. In fact, huge questions remain about the effectiveness and implementation of the Defence Package.

Firstly, Art. 296 is not dead or buried. Member states retain their sovereign “national security” opt-out, even under the new law, as this is enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty and transcends individual legislation. National capitals will still have the legal right to exempt certain contracts from foreign competition, and thus shield their national industries. The question will be how widely states choose to enact Art. 296 under the new law.

 

Pre-emptively, the EU has already tried to cover this eventuality. The package contains a specific technical annex categorising the types of defence equipment that can be declared “national security” sensitive. Member states have thus had their legal room for manoeuvre severely curtailed. Gone are the days where everything from ammunition to jeep tyres could be lumped into a safe bid guaranteed to be won by a national arms champion. The onus will now be on member states to justify why a contract is too sensitive to tender openly.

 

Indeed, should a national government refuse to open a contract to pan-European tender, they could be vulnerable to a legal challenge by member states who feel their defence companies are being discriminated against. The EU Court of Justice could then be asked to adjudicate against a transgression of the free market, with financial penalties if an infraction is deemed to have taken place. It is also likely this would incur a certain amount of political embarrassment for the transgressor.

 

Yet the above scenario presumes the basic mechanisms of the Defence Package will be observed - and this has also yet to be tested.

 

At the bottom line, there are political, and not legal, questions about these reforms. Would a smaller member state (Slovakia for example) be willing to risk a public duel on behalf of its national industry with Germany or France over a procurement bid worth, say,  €10m? And would the political fall-out be worth the cost, as recriminations fly and politicians pontificate?

 

We simply don’t know at this stage how honestly member states intend to deal with the new rules, and how willing others will be to challenge them if they don’t. Art. 296 is ultimately a red-line: something the EU cannot supplant completely through law. It will thus fall to bilateral politics to smooth out the details in practice.

 

Transatlantic implications?

 

Interestingly this inter-EU shake-up may also send shockwaves across the Atlantic, as the directive compels a larger number of bids to be tendered on the EU free market - but not necessarily to those outside of it.

For instance, effectively only two “categories” of contract existed in Europe in the past - open to the world (and thus the US) or closed to national champions only. However with the addition of “open EU market” to that list - and the legal compulsion to push more bids into this category it entails - it could transpire that European procurement agencies will, whilst opening up to the EU27, simultaneously reduce the number of truly global open bids. After all, member states have simultaneously been granted cheaper and easier arms export licences to their European neighbours, an advantage the US cannot match.

 

Thus, whilst strongly denied publicly by the European Commission, the incentives to “buy European” have certainly de facto increased. It is difficult to imagine the US being “locked out”, but these fundamental changes in procurement could certainly alter the buying preferences of EU member states regarding US military equipment.

 

“The biggest thing to happen to European defence ever”

 

As this analysis indicates, the sources of Europe’s defence woes have industrial and bureaucratic, as well as spending, roots. The EU has aggressively set out to rectify these deficiencies, highlighting an increased readiness to legislate on defence matters and to introduce greater competitiveness in the last “closed shop” in town.

Yet whether the efficiencies and reduction in fragmentation that lies at the heart of these efforts can realistically be achieved is, as has been explained, an open question. It must also be remembered that a key component of market “de-frag” is a reduction in the number of defence primes. A truly open EU defence market would naturally begin to more closely resemble the national market of the US - with almost all bids fought over by a small number of multi-sector conglomerates.

 

The loss of national champions this would entail across Europe will almost certainly send governments dashing for the Art. 296 card. It is the biggest potential show-stopper for these reforms.

It will therefore be the willingness of national capitals to negotiate between themselves the loss of national capacities, in the name of greater EU efficiency, that will make or break a truly open European defence market.

 

Jonathan Dowdell writes for  Defence Dateline Group.

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20 octobre 2011 4 20 /10 /octobre /2011 18:20

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sbx_underway.jpg/480px-Sbx_underway.jpg

photo US MDA

 

October 20, 2011 defpro.com

 

The Missile Defense Agency’s Sea-Based X-band Radar (SBX) will be visible on the horizon from Oahu tomorrow, Thursday, Oct. 20, and will arrive at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam shortly thereafter. While in port, the vessel will undergo scheduled maintenance and crew members will conduct training operations.

 

The SBX is one of the sensors for our nation’s Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). It is a semi-submersible, self-propelled, mobile radar platform designed to provide the Missile Defense Agency with support for ballistic missile defense. Its mission is to identify ballistic missile threats to our nation and relay that information to the command and control center for missile defense.

 

SBX Resources:

- BMDS Sensors: http://goo.gl/yGNS7

- Fact sheet: http://goo.gl/YNlRi (PDF 147KB, 1 page)

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20 octobre 2011 4 20 /10 /octobre /2011 17:40

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October 20, 2011MEA

 

Joint Statement by Foreign Ministers of India and France on Progress in “India-France: Partnership for the Future”

The External Affairs Minister of the Republic of India, Shri S.M. Krishna and the Senior Minister for Foreign and European Affairs of the French Republic Mr. Alain Juppé met in New Delhi on 20 October 2011 and reviewed the progress on the implementation of the Joint Declaration on bilateral, regional and international issues of common interest and importance “India-France: Partnership for the Future” adopted by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and President Nicolas Sarkozy on December 6, 2010.

Reaffirming that the India-France Strategic Partnership has been steadily strengthening and widening in scope, they agreed on a roadmap for its further development.

Bilateral

Trade and Economic Cooperation


The two Ministers recalled the target set in December 2010 of increasing bilateral trade to 12 billion by 2012 and reiterated their commitment to achieving it. They also welcomed the increase in foreign direct investment flows in both directions and agreed to address the genuine concerns of investors.

India and France have identified energy efficiency, renewable energy, preservation of biodiversity, urban services and infrastructure as promising fields of cooperation. To that end, Agence Française de Développement financing could be of relevance.

Space co-operation
 

Minister Krishna and Minister Juppé welcomed the successful launch of Megha-Tropiques satellite, a joint contribution to the global scientific community engaged in research on climate and weather systems. The forthcoming launch of SARAL, a joint satellite to study sea surface altitude would be another milestone in space cooperation. India and France encouraged Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the French National Space Agency (CNES) to pursue further cooperation in Earth System Science and Climate within the framework of the MoU signed in December 2010 and to explore new fields of cooperation in the future.

Defence Cooperation

India and France reaffirmed their continued interest in enhancing bilateral cooperation in Defence. They welcomed the success of the first joint exercise between the two Armies (Shakti, ongoing in October 2011), as also the exercises between their Navies (Varuna in January 2011) and Air Forces (Garuda in 2010).

The two countries welcomed the finalisation of the project for modernisation of Indian Air Force’s Mirage 2000 aircraft and noted ongoing efforts to finalise joint defence research and development programmes, namely the SRSAM and Kaveri programmes. They reiterated their desire to cooperate in other high technology programmes and projects in the defence sector in the future.
 

Both countries reaffirmed their interest in intensifying their cooperation in combating piracy in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia and other areas.

Civil Nuclear Cooperation

India and France agreed to an early entry into force of the agreement on intellectual property rights on the development of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. They recognized the importance of the highest levels of safety for nuclear power plants. They agreed to strengthen the cooperation between the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of India and the Autorité de Sureté Nucléaire of France, and their technical support organizations. They welcomed the progress in the discussions between AREVA and NPCIL, aiming at finalizing the contract on the construction of two EPR reactors at Jaitapur and look forward to its early implementation. Following India’s enactment of civil nuclear liability legislation, both countries stand ready to further exchange views on this issue so as to ensure the appropriate framework for the sound development of their cooperation. They look forward to the conclusion of an agreement between ALSTOM, NPCIL and BHEL for supplying the Indian nuclear power program with the most recent technology for manufacturing turbo-generators

Education, Science & Technology
 

The two Ministers agreed that both Governments will work together to encourage an increase in the flow of students and researchers in both directions. India and France will increase the number and academic level of exchange students. They share a long term ambition for bilateral cooperation at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Rajasthan. France will finance scholarships for Indian students at the PhD level, depute professors to IIT Rajasthan and substantially contribute to the establishment of Joint Centres of Excellence/ research laboratories in the next five years. India welcomes this bilateral cooperation project in the higher education sector.

Culture

The two Ministers applauded the success of the cultural festivals Bonjour India and Namaste France. They committed to bolstering exchanges in the fields of culture and heritage. They took note of the success of the International seminar on “Traditions of cultural liberalism in India & France” organized in Paris in June 2011. They welcomed the future opening of an Indian cultural centre in Paris and looked forward to the upcoming Tagore exhibition in Paris.

Migration and consular issues
 

India and France welcomed the recent negotiations for a Human Resource Mobility Partnership Agreement where progress was made on the essential aspects. They underlined the positive impact that this agreement will have on a global approach to comprehensive migration, based on the intensification of business opportunities, exchanges of students, researchers and young professionals and better tackling of irregular migration. They agreed to continue this discussion and resolved to conclude the Agreement as early as possible. They also agreed to reinforce the dialogue on consular issues.

Regional and global challenges

Afghanistan


India and France reaffirmed their solidarity with Afghanistan. They welcomed the will of the international community to remain committed after the 2014 transition, through bilateral and multilateral fora. Looking ahead to the Istanbul Conference of November 2, they welcomed the commitment of the region to work for a stable, peaceful, democratic and independent Afghanistan, achieved through an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned process. They called for the continued engagement of the international community and increased cooperation in the region to work towards a terror-free Afghanistan. This would be in the interest of Afghanistan, the region and the international community at large.

Libya

The two countries support the efforts of the National Transition Council representing the Libyan people as a whole, to establish democratic institutions in a free Libya, to promote human rights, and to rebuild their country after the sufferings they have endured.
 

Middle East

Minister Krishna and Minister Juppé exchanged views on issues related to the Middle East including the peace process and the situation in Syria and agreed to continue the dialogue at all levels.

EU

Minister Krishna and Minister Juppé reiterated their willingness to participate in the strengthening of the relationship between the European Union and India. They called for a successful India-EU summit in February 2012. They agreed that India and the EU should continue to work for the early conclusion of the negotiations for a mutually beneficial and balanced Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA), which will lead to substantial increase in bilateral trade and investment flows

Terrorism

India and France have endeavoured to jointly fight international terrorism, a common threat. They reiterated their view that terrorism cannot be justified on any grounds or attributed to any root causes. They noted that the bilateral Joint Working Group on Counterterrorism had met in Paris in June 2011. The two sides agreed to further expand information exchange and enhance counterterrorism cooperation in areas of mutual concern. They resolved to continue their efforts for early adoption of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism at the UN.

G20
 

The two Ministers reaffirmed the role of the G20 as the premier forum for international economic cooperation. India fully supports the priorities put on the G20 agenda by the French presidency. India and France reiterated their commitment to working together in the G20, especially on global issues notably, addressing the Financial crisis, development including infrastructure and food security, social dimension, fight against corruption, innovative financing, commodity price volatility, reform of the international financial institutions and financial regulatory reforms. They are committed to make the G20 Summit in Cannes a success, and support the adoption of an ambitious action plan for growth.

UN Reform

France reaffirmed its support for India’s accession as a permanent member of an enlarged UN Security Council. India and France are committed to reinforce their consultations at the UN on issues pertaining to international peace and stability.

Non proliferation

The two countries will intensify their cooperation on non-proliferation challenges, and will continue to work towards India’s full membership to the four export control regimes.

Climate Change

The two Ministers stressed their resolve to address the challenges posed by Climate Change, firmly based on the principles and provisions of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in particular the principle of Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities. They reaffirmed their commitment to work together for an equitable, balanced and comprehensive outcome to the upcoming 17th Conference of Parties at Durban, South Africa.

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20 octobre 2011 4 20 /10 /octobre /2011 17:20
M4 carbine with M203A1

M4 carbine with M203A1

 

October 20, 2011: STRATEGY PAGE

 

U.S. soldiers and marines are using a new magazine for the 40mm grenades they fire from their single shot M203 and M320 grenade launchers. The MAG-D looks like a large rifle magazine. It is spring loaded and holds five 40mm rounds. Troops can easily pull a 40mm grenade from the MAG-D and load it into their weapon. A loaded MAG-D weighs less than three kg (6.6 pounds) each and is designed to hang from the webbing of the protective vest, and make additional rounds quickly available to troops carrying a rifle with a M203 or M320 attached (under the barrel). In the past, the 40mm rounds were carried loose or in bandoliers, and often got dirty or damaged. MAG-D also eliminates confusion about where different types of 40mm grenades are (high explosive, flare, smoke, tear gas, fuel-air explosive). U.S. Marines were the first to use MAG-D (which was invented by a former marine) and want more of them.

 

Meanwhile, the U.S. Army has replaced the M203 40mm grenade launcher with the M320, while the marines are still using the M203. The both launchers fit under the barrel of the M16 rifle (and similar weapons), and have been in use for forty years. The army bought 71,000 M320s (for about $3,500 each) to replace the 50,000 M203s it was using. The M320 is similar to the M203, but easier to use, has its own pistol grip, is more accurate and can be used separately from an M16 with the addition of a stock.

 

The biggest improvement with the M320 is its sighting system, which features a laser range finder. At night, an infrared range finder enables a soldier wearing night vision goggles to see the light beam. In over a year of testing, the M320s sighting system was seen to make the weapon much more accurate than the older M203. This was particularly the case with new users. With the M203, you got better after you had fired a hundred or so rounds. That took time, and was expensive (the 40mm grenades cost about $28 each). The 40mm grenades weigh 543 grams (19 ounces) each and have a range of about 400 meters. The grenade explosion can kill within five meters, and wound up to ten meters or more.

 

The marines also use the M32, a six round 40mm grenade launcher. It looks like a cross between a shotgun and a revolver type pistol. Most marine units are equipped with the M203, usually two or three per squad.

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20 octobre 2011 4 20 /10 /octobre /2011 12:55

http://the-diplomat.com/files/2011/10/Chinese_Kilo-440x265.jpg

 

October 20, 2011 by David Axe – THE DIPLOMAT

 

Beijing’s submarine fleet is not as big or powerful as US military planners once feared. Have its blue-water ambitions been overstated?

 

It was the US Navy’s biggest jolt in years. On October 26, 2006, a Chinese Song-class attack submarine quietly surfaced within nine miles of the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk as the 80,000-ton-diplacement vessel sailed on a training exercise in the East China Sea between Japan and Taiwan.

 

The Song-class vessel, displacing 2,200 tons, was close enough to hit the Kitty Hawk with one of its 18 homing torpedoes. None of the carrier’s roughly dozen escorting warships detected the Song until it breached the surface.

The Song’s provocative appearance was, for the Americans, ‘as big a shock as the Russians launching Sputnik,’ one NATO official told Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper, referring to the Soviet Union’s launch of the first-ever space satellite in 1957. ‘This could well have escalated into something that was very unforeseen,’ said Adm. Bill Fallon, then commander of US Pacific forces.

 

The incident underscored the then explosive growth of the People’s Liberation Army Navy’s undersea force, as well as Beijing’s apparent intention to wrestle the Western Pacific away from the once-dominant US Navy. ‘The Chinese are building a credible submarine force which will make it very difficult for the US Navy to maintain sea control dominance in or near coastal waters off of China,’ warned Rear Adm. Hank McKinney, former commander of the US Pacific Fleet’s submarine force.

 

Of particular concern to American defence officials was the projected introduction, over the coming decade, of up to 20 new nuclear-powered attack submarines, known as ‘SSNs,’ that are an order of magnitude more capable than the Song class. ‘The acquisition of increasing numbers of SSNs would give it (the PLAN) the ability to contest US naval forces farther from China’s shores,’ Thomas Mahnken wrote in China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force, edited by Naval War College professor Andrew Erickson and published in 2007.   

 

Yet nearly five years later, McKinney’s and Mahnken’s alarm has been proved false. The PLAN still possesses a tiny number of nuclear-powered submarines. The Songs and other short-range diesel boats remain the backbone of China’s undersea force. Beijing’s production of new submarines has declined andthe PLAN’s overall undersea fleet is likely to contract in coming years. ‘I don't think they know whether they want to make the full-up commitment it would take to do this (submarine) thing right,’ Owen Cote, Jr., an analyst at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says of the Chinese.

 

Meanwhile, the US Navy and its Pacific allies have crafted plans to stabilize or even grow their own submarine fleets. In 2006, Western observers feared the undersea balance of power in the Pacific would tilt. In a sense, they were right. It has tilted – back towards the United States and its allies.

 

How that happened speaks volumes about China’s evolution as a regional power.

 

Crunching the Numbers

 

In early 2011, the PLAN possessed ‘more than 60 submarines,’ according to the Pentagon’s Congressionally-mandated annual report on Chinese military capabilities.

 

That force included five nuclear-powered attack submarines: three of the 1980s-vintage Type 091 Han-class SSNs that are rapidly reaching the ends of their service lives, plus two Type 093 Shang-class boats. The next-generation Type 095 SSN is due to enter service around 2015, according to Pentagon estimates.

 

The PLAN's diesel-sub fleet is much larger than the nuclear fleet: more than 50 in all, including 13 Songs, four of the newer Type 041 Yuan class, plus a dozen Russian-made Kilos. Obsolete Romeo- and Ming-class vessels round out the total for diesel boats. 

 

Four or five experimental ballistic-missile submarines or ‘boomers’ – all but one of them nuclear-powered – comprise the remainder of the PLAN undersea force. By comparison, in 2011 the US Navy possessed 53 attack submarines, four guided-missile submarines and 14 ballistic-missile boats: 71 in all.

 

Just five years ago, US analysts predicted the Chinese submarine fleet would outnumber the American sub fleet by 2011. Writing in China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force, Richard Fisher of the International Assessment and Strategy Center predicted the PLAN would have around 74 boats in 2010 –a figure at least a dozen higher than the real, current total.

 

Something happened between 2006 and 2011 that changed the calculus for the PLAN submarine force – and by extension for China’s regional aspirations. Actually three things happened: China stopped importing submarines, while also putting the brakes on domestic sub production; and the US Navy successfully doubled its submarine production.

Moscow factored in the former changes. The purchase of a dozen Russian Kilos helped to boost the PLAN’s acquisition rate for submarines in 2005 and 2006. In both of those years, Beijing added seven submarines to its fleet, including seven Kilos overall.

 

But Russia is unlikely to resume supporting such a high rate of Chinese submarine acquisition, as Beijing is a potential strategic rival to Moscow – and since the Russian Navy’s own sub force is steadily declining to long-term levels of just a dozen each nuclear attack, nuclear ballistic-missile and diesel-attack boats. ‘There are powerful incentives for Russia to keep China just below its future submarine capabilities,’ Fisher noted.

 

With an end to Russian imports, China must build all its own submarines. But here, too, Beijing relies on Russian assistance. As late as 2003, ‘Russia continued to be the main supplier of technology and equipment to India’s and China’s naval nuclear propulsion programs,’ the US Central Intelligence Agency reported. 

 

The high rate of Chinese sub procurement in 2005 and 2006 justifiably drew the attention of Western analysts. But by using those years as their baseline, analysts often projected PLAN sub force levels that were unrealistically high.

From 2007 on, China acquired only domestically-built submarines, meaning the growth of the PLAN undersea force was constrained by the not inconsiderable limitations of the Chinese arms industry, which can’t function without Russian-provided engines and electronics – and which, even at the best of times, struggles with safety and quality control.

 

A possible case in point: in early August, there were unconfirmed reports that a Type 094 boomer leaked radiation during work on its electronic systems in the port of Dalian, apparently prompting the PLAN to cordon off the area and crack down on media coverage of the alleged incident.

 

With the Kilo purchase complete, Beijing added just two boats in 2007, none in 2008 and two each in 2009 and 2010. It appears that, barring a major reversal of the current trend, the PLAN will acquire no more than two submarines a year over the medium term.

 

That’s the same submarine production rate as in the United States – though only recently. In the early 2000s, Washington purchased just one submarine a year, on average. A cost-savings initiative launched in 2005 drove the price of the current Virginia-class attack submarine down to around $2 billion apiece, allowing the US Navy to purchase two Virginias annually starting this year.

 

US-built submarines traditionally last up to 35 years, versus fewer than 30 for lower-quality, Chinese-built boats. With similar pre-existing force levels and identical production rates, the US undersea fleet will level off at a higher level than the Chinese fleet will.

 

‘Excluding the 12 Kilos purchased from Russia, the total number of domestically produced submarines placed into service between 1995 and 2007 is 30, or an average of about 1.9 per year,’ wrote Ronald O’Rourke from the US Congressional Research Service. ‘This average rate of domestic production, if sustained indefinitely, would eventually result in a steady-state force of domestically produced submarines of about 38 to 56 boats of all kinds, again assuming an average submarine life of 20 to 30 years.’

And that’s being optimistic. ‘It’s possible that the greater resources required to produce nuclear-powered boats might result in a reduction in the overall submarine production rate,’ O’Rourke wrote. ‘If so, and if such a reduced overall rate were sustained indefinitely, it would eventually result in a smaller steady-state submarine force of all kinds.’

According to current Pentagon projections through 2040, the US submarine fleet should never dip below 51 boats, with a peak of 73 in 2013 and 2014. And all of those boats are nukes – a not insignificant distinction.

 

Sub versus Sub

 

Even under the most favourable projections, the PLAN will possess just a handful of nuclear-powered attack submarines at a time over coming decades. China’s SSN fleet could actually decline in the short term, as the three ancient Type 091s are likely to leave service before an equal number of Type 095s are ready.

 

That matters because only nuclear-powered submarines, with their high endurance, are capable of true ‘blue-water’ operations far from shore bases. It’s for that reason that all of the US Navy’s submarines are nuclear-powered: Washington’s global military presence demands it.

 

To project power beyond its own coastal waters, Beijing needs nuke boats. The fact that China isn't building large numbers of SSNs reflects either a lack of serious interest in a true, global naval presence – or an inability to back up grand military ambitions with working hardware.

 

China is left with an undersea fleet composed mostly of diesel attack submarines, which by virtue of their short range tend to be defensive in nature. ‘Current Chinese diesel submarines rarely deploy outside the first island chain (west of the Philippines) and essentially never deploy beyond the second (east of the Philippines),’ Cote wrote. ‘Nor would these submarines be well-suited for extended deployments into the Pacific or Indian Oceans because of range and crew habitability constraints.’

 

Even as defensive weapons, China’s diesel submarines lack flexibility. For one, ‘the PLA has only a limited capacity to communicate with submarines at sea,’ according to the Pentagon’s annual China report. Moreover, the PLAN’s subs are optimized for attacking surface targets such as US aircraft carriers. Lacking the most sophisticated sensors and weapons, they’re far less useful for hunting US submarines. ‘China has very limited (Anti-Submarine Warfare) capabilities and US submarines are the most difficult ASW target in the world,’ Cote wrote.

 

‘Thus, China would have difficulty preventing US submarines from operating in its shallow coastal waters,’ Cote continued. That’s important because one of the American subs’ main tasks is to destroy enemy submarines. China’s undersea fleet cannot prevent the United States’ undersea fleet from hunting it down in its own home waters.

Considering the imbalance between large, sophisticated, ASW-optimized US submarines and their smaller, less flexible, surface-attack-focused Chinese rivals, a census of the two nations’ undersea boats can create a false impression of near parity: 60 Chinese subs versus 70 US ones. But if the American vessels can hunt the Chinese vessels almost with impunity, it almost doesn’t matter how many submarines Beijing possesses.

 

Even if numbers really did matter, the trends aren’t in China’s favour. Beijing might match the United States in submarine production rates, but it can’t possibly keep up with the combined sub acquisitions of Washington and its closest Pacific allies. Japan is in the process of adding six diesel attack boats to its current force of 16. Australia aims to double its fleet of six diesel boats. South Korea is also doubling its six-strong undersea fleet. Two years ago, Vietnam purchased six Kilos from Russia.

 

The Song submarine’s surprise appearance alongside the USS Kitty Hawk helped stoke fears of Chinese undersea dominance that were further fuelled by a brief surge in PLAN sub acquisition. Today, with more US and allied submarines entering service and fewer Chinese boats on the slipways, those fears – and the policies and assumptions they produced – warrant reconsideration. China isn’t building a world-class, globally-deploying submarine force. It’s building a mostly defensive, regional undersea force – and a smaller one than once predicted.

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