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19 juin 2011 7 19 /06 /juin /2011 07:40

http://www.defenceweb.co.za/images/stories/AIR/Air_new/gripen-union-building_400x301.jpg

 

17 June 2011 defenseWeb

 

Swedish defence multinational SAAB says BAE Systems paid defence consultant Fana Hlongwane R24 million a decade ago to help secure contracts that formed part of the still-controversial Strategic Defence Package signed in 2000. The Swedish company adds that news of the payment was hidden from it by its partner in the deal.

 

The local Mail & Guardian newspaper says today Hlongwane, an adviser to Defence Minister Joe Modise at the time the deals were negotiated, has received so-called "commission" payments of more than R200 million from entities controlled by BAE.

 

Dow Jones Newswires reported from Stockholm overnight that SAAB Chief Executive Håkan Buskhe had told it in an interview yesterday that a person employed by BAE Systems had, without the company's knowledge, signed a contract, processed transactions and approved the audited and inaccurate financial statement for 2003. "We can only assume that the BAE employee wanted to hide this," he added. "We have informed BAE Systems of our findings and how we regard this matter," he added.

 

SAAB launched an internal investigation into the matter last month. The agreement between SANIP and Hlongwane was "completely new to us," Buskhe said at a press conference at the time. Nothing supports that SAAB has paid out any money based on the contract," between SANIP and Hlongwane. "We have zero tolerance regarding bribes, corruption and unethical conduct when it comes to doing business. … We have no desire to cover up anything."

 

The allegations of corruption surfaced in a May 17 report aired by the Swedish TV4 channel. Relying on bank statements, TV4 said SANIP paid Hlongwane nearly US$8 million in several installments from 2003-05 to make sure that South Africa would go through with an order of 26 Gripen fighter jets. The UPI news service added the dealings of SANIP “are a bit obscure”. The company was founded to promote business activities in South Africa. “SAAB says it was operated by BAE Systems but owned by SAAB until 2004. That was "not too clever," Buskhe said, adding that SANIP was now dormant.

 

Buskhe yesterday said the investigation was now complete. SAAB and BAE Systems in 1999 negotiated to sell 28 Gripen and 24 Hawk fighters to South Africa in a deal then valued at R15.8 billion. The Gripen order was later trimmed to 26. Swedish counter trade for the purchase amounted to 500 million Swedish kronor (US$77 million), according to Dow Jones.

 

BAE Systems told Dow Jones this “and other matters were fully reviewed by the [UK] Serious Fraud Office (SFO) and formed part of the overall resolution that the company reached with the SFO in February 2010. Any questions relating to SAAB and its subsidiaries should be directed to SAAB."

 

Dow Jones reminded that the British defence giant last year reached an agreement with the SFO over allegations that it failed to provide accurate records in connection with the supply of an air-traffic control system to Tanzania. It admitted the charge and agreed to pay a penalty of £30 million, while the SFO waived its right to investigate other allegations.

 

BAE Systems last week sold the last of its shares in the Swedish defense company and its representative on SAAB's board resigned Thursday last week. SAAB and BAE Systems still owns an equal share in a joint venture company called Gripen International, Dow Jones noted.

 

Buskhe added SAAB has now handed over “all investigation material” to the country's national anti-corruption unit that will now look at whether there "are grounds to initiate an investigation of bribery, at the individual or corporate level, in connection with the sale of the ... Gripen in South Africa."

 

The M&G adds the development “casts new doubt on National Director of Public Prosecutions Menzi Simelane's decision to halt the investigation of Hlongwane.” Simelane last year March ordered the Asset Forfeiture Unit to abandon its bid to freeze Hlongwane's assets, mostly held in offshore accounts. The unit had obtained an interim order and was preparing to make a case to seize the assets as the proceeds of crime.

 

Simelane invited representations from Hlongwane's attorneys and thereafter accepted that the consultancy agreements presented to him were above board, in spite of the fact that there was no evidence of legitimate services provided to account for the enormous sums paid, the M&G said.

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19 juin 2011 7 19 /06 /juin /2011 07:30

http://www.defenceweb.co.za/images/stories/Gaddafi_chess_400.jpg

 

17 June 2011 defenseWeb Reuters

 

For a man who has been under Western bombardment for more than three months, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi has not appeared unduly worried.

 

His appearance playing chess at the weekend with the Russian head of the World Chess Federation, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, was a piece of psychological theatre worthy of a veteran campaigner.

 

While Gaddafi has seemed to keep his cool, despite a relentless bombing onslaught launched in March, it is his powerful opponents in NATO who have appeared to lose theirs.

 

Reflecting frustration at NATO's inability to achieve quick results in a campaign some had forecast would be over in days or weeks, the U.S. defence secretary rounded on European allies last week for failing to back the mission the alliance took over in late March.

 

"The mightiest military alliance in history is only 11 weeks into an operation against a poorly armed regime in a sparsely populated country," Robert Gates said, "yet many allies are beginning to run short of munitions, requiring the U.S., once more, to make up the difference."

 

Now it's not only bombs, but the planes to deliver them that NATO risks running short of, with no sign of any new commitments to sustain the mission despite dire warnings from Gates about the very future of NATO and direct appeals to defence ministers from alliance Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

 

While Rasmussen has expressed his hope that the Libya mission can be concluded before the end of a second 90-day operations cycle in late September, many analysts consider this wishful thinking, given Gaddafi's resilience.

 

A mission that drags on beyond that date could present major problems, with some allies already stretched in their commitment and the United States reluctant to get dragged back into a leading role in the conflict as President Barack Obama faces criticism for the mission in the U.S. Congress.

 

Only eight of the 28 NATO states have provided planes for strike missions in Libya and pressure by Gates on others with available resources to do so, such as Spain, the Netherlands, Turkey and Germany, appear to have fallen on deaf ears.

 

Already Norway has announced it will have to scale back its contribution of strike aircraft this month and end their role in August, while European NATO stalwart Britain has said continuing the mission beyond September could be a challenge that could require diversion of resources from elsewhere.

 

Analysts say this could mean from NATO's war in Afghanistan, still termed the alliance's number-one priority.

 

Worse looms over the horizon, with France indicating it will need in the autumn to withdraw the Libyan mission's only aircraft carrier, the Charles de Gaulle, on virtually continuous operations since last year -- with no replacement in the offing.

 

"The elephant in the room is the imminent departure of the French carrier, given it has been flying 30-40 percent of all NATO strike sorties," said Tim Ripley, of Jane's Defence Weekly.

 

"It's a looming problem, so sustaining this operation, particularly if it's going to grind past September or October, is going to be a problem."

 

In the absence of other allies coming forward with strike aircraft that could be flown from land bases -- which would necessitate a fleet of refuelling tankers only the United States could provide -- one radical solution would be for Britain to redeploy decommissioned Harrier aircraft to its carrier HMS Illustrious, which was designated for conversion into a helicopter ship in Britain's defence review.

 

However, even if such a tricky political decision were taken by British Prime Minister David Cameron, it would be up to four months before the ship was ready for action, Ripley said.

 

A senior NATO commander conceded the extent of the worry on Tuesday. French General Stephane Abrial said the Libyan crisis had come as "a surprise" and if it were to last a long time "the resources issue will become critical."

 

Douglas Barrie, a military aviation specialist at London's International Institute of Strategic Studies, said that when Western powers launched the war in March, they appeared to be anticipating a quick mission.

 

"There may have been the view they would be pushing on an open door, but as the campaign has developed, it's become apparent that Gaddafi is not simply going to hang up his hat and leave the country," Barrie said.

 

"There was this aspiration that the mission would lead to the collapse of the regime and Gaddafi's removal but it wasn't structured to deliver that.

 

"And one of the things about Gaddafi is that he's stayed in power through thick and thin for four decades plus. He's been bombed before and has a track record of being able to hang in there in difficult circumstances."

 

Analysts said that in the absence of an unlikely "lucky bomb" that killed Gaddafi, and given the limitations of rebel forces and the West's unwillingness to commit ground forces, a divided Libya appeared an increasingly likely outcome.

 

"I wouldn't be surprised if NATO had to be there for a year, and I think it's 50-50 whether we end up seeing a frozen conflict and a de facto partition, with Gaddafi controlling part of Libya and the rebels the other," said Chris Schnaubelt of the NATO Defence College in Rome.

 

"If Gaddafi gets killed, then all bets are off, but if he survives physically, you are not going to get a quick change in the situation."

 

Marko Papic of political risk consultancy Stratfor said there appeared to be a growing acceptance of such a solution, at least in European capitals.

 

"It seems that they don't need to see the whole of Libya under rebel control -- this doesn't seem something they need success on for political, domestic purposes and that a split Libya is perfectly fine for the moment.

 

"Libya is not something that would make or break a government, the euro zone crisis and austerity are much more important politically," Papic said.

 

"In Libya, there's no political cost to muddling through indecisively."

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18 juin 2011 6 18 /06 /juin /2011 20:30

http://referentiel.nouvelobs.com/file/1887958.jpg

 

Rafale opérant en Libye au décollage du Charles de Gaulle (AFP)

 

18.06.2011 Sarah Halifa-Legrand – Le Nouvel Observateur

 

Combien la guerre en Libye a-t-elle coûté à la France jusqu'à présent ? Mystère. A l’état-major des armées, on renvoie prudemment vers le ministère de la Défense. Mais au cabinet du ministre, on n’est pas vraiment plus loquace sur le sujet : on nous (re)communique le seul chiffre que l’on ait à ce jour obtenu. 53 millions d'euros de surcoût, dont 31,7 millions en munitions. Et encore, "communiquer" est un grand mot, quand on se souvient que ce chiffre a en fait "fuité" dans la presse après une audition à huis clos du ministre de la Défense Gérard Longuet par la Commission de la Défense nationale. C’était le 3 mai, il y a déjà un mois et demi.

 

130 millions d’euros a minima

 

Depuis, on en est réduit à échafauder d’hypothétiques calculs à partir de données invérifiables. Sachant que la France a la méchante particularité d’avoir opté pour un mode de calcul complexe : on part du principe que les soldats touchent leur solde, s’entraînent, font un certain nombre d’heures de vol, etc., toute l’année. Par conséquent, seul le surcoût des opérations extérieures est calculé. C'est ce qui expliquerait, selon l'état-major des armées, que l'on ne puisse pas évaluer le coût d'une opération militaire avant qu'elle soit finie.

 

Début mai, quand le chiffre de 53 millions a été rendu public, le journaliste Jean-Dominique Merchet s’est néanmoins prêté à un petit jeu de calcul sur son blog Secret défense. "L’opération a débuté le 19 mars, soit 44 jours auparavant. Le surcoût de la guerre peut donc être évalué à 1,2 million d'euros par jour", fait-il alors remarquer. Soit un peu moins que ce que le ministère de la Défense prévoyait pour l’Afghanistan lors de l'élaboration du budget 2011 : 470 millions d'euros en 2011, soit 1,3 million par jour. L'état-major reconnaît que ce type de calcul peut donner "un ordre de grandeur". Ce que conteste Louis Gautier, ancien conseiller à la Défense de Lionel Jospin : ces 53 millions, affirme-t-il, ne peuvent même pas servir de base fiable à un calcul car "c’est un surcoût très certainement sous-estimé".

 

Aujourd’hui, François Heisbourg, conseiller spécial à la Fondation pour la recherche stratégique, estime que le surcoût est très probablement d’au moins 1,4 million d’euros par jour. "Le rythme des sorties aériennes est plus ou moins le même depuis le début. Mais, souligne-t-il, il y a une inconnue : les hélicoptères de combat, entrés en lice début juin. Quelle part prennent-ils dans le surcoût ?" "Ils coûtent moins cher que les avions", répond-on seulement à l'état-major des armées. Si on part de l’hypothèse 1,4 million par jour, cela donne, au 17 juin, soit sur trois mois, un total de près de 130 millions d’euros.

 

La France peut-elle supporter un tel coût ?

 

Un surcoût en pleine austérité 

 

C’est après la décision de l’Otan – qui a pris la tête des opérations depuis le 31 mars –, le 1er juin, de prolonger son intervention en Libye jusqu'à fin septembre, que le mur de silence a commencé à se lézarder. Le chef d'état-major de la marine française, l'amiral Pierre-François Forissier, a rendu publiques ses inquiétudes en parlant d’"un problème de ressources humaines (...). Quand on est en opération, on ne fait plus d'école, plus de formation". Si le porte-avions Charles de Gaulle "était engagé en Libye jusqu'à la fin 2011, il ne travaillerait plus du tout en opération en 2012", essentiellement pour des raisons de maintenance, a-t-il ajouté.

 

Dans le budget 2011, une enveloppe de 900 millions d’euros a été prévue pour financer les opérations extérieures. Début mai, Les Echos rapportaient que cette somme n’était budgétée qu’à hauteur de 630 millions – auxquels il faut ajouter quelque 50 millions de l’Onu – et qu’il était envisagé que les autres ministères soient mis à contribution pour combler le manque. Tout ça sans compter l’opération Harmattan en Libye.

 

Mais mardi dernier, lors de l’examen du projet de loi de finances rectificative, le ministre du Budget François Baroin a reconnu qu’un effort budgétaire allait être demandé pour couvrir le surcoût des opérations en Libye et en Côte d’Ivoire. Un effort à ce stade non chiffré qui sera pris sur les crédits de la Défense selon des arbitrages rendus à l'automne, a-t-il promis. 

 

Compte tenu que le ministère de la Défense n’échappe pas à la réduction des déficits publics (il doit se voir retrancher 3,5 milliards d'euros sur trois ans, de 2011 à 2013), l’opération risque d’être délicate…

 

Une guerre qui s'enlise

 

"Les Français et les Britanniques pensaient que ce serait une guerre courte. Dans cette optique, le coût de cette opération militaire n’était pas en soi insupportable", juge François Heisbourg. Un avis que partage Louis Gautier. "Tout dépend de ce qu’ils veulent. S’il s’agissait juste de sécuriser la zone de Benghazi pour protéger les civils, ils avaient les moyens de leur politique. S’il s’agissait de soutenir l’avancée du front rebelle – ce qui n’est pas dans la résolution 1973 de l’Onu – c’est une autre histoire", convient-il. "Mais il ne faut pas en faire une question de capacité militaire. Si l’armée française commence à souffrir, c’est parce qu’elle est déployée sur plusieurs terrains extérieurs."

 

L’ancien conseiller de Lionel Jospin estime que si cette campagne aérienne fait de plus en plus débat, c’est aussi et surtout parce qu’ "elle a échoué à produire l’usure psychologique qui avait mené en peu de temps à la capitulation de Milosevic." Bref, on a mal jaugé, dès le départ, le cas libyen. Résultat, cela fait déjà trois mois, et Kadhafi ne plie toujours pas.  

 

Un débat houleux en perspective

(en photo, Alain Juppé s'exprimant sur la Libye lors des questions au gouvernement le 24 mai)

 

L’absence de résultats, la controverse sur le non-respect du mandat onusien et la perspective de dépenses supplémentaires en pleine cure d’austérité ont d’ailleurs plombé l’ambiance au sein même de l’Otan, faisant apparaître au grand jour un contentieux plus profond. Le secrétaire à la Défense américain Robert Gates s’en est pris violemment, la semaine dernière, au manque d'investissements militaires et de volonté politique de ses alliés Européens, qui se reposent trop sur les Américains. Un déséquilibre qui, a-t-il menacé, pourrait "compromettre" l'efficacité de la mission en Libye, voire l’avenir de l’Alliance atlantique. La polémique, qui enfle depuis une semaine, ne semble pas près de faiblir : jeudi, le secrétaire général de l'Otan Anders Fogh Rasmussen lui a emboîté le pas en exprimant peu ou prou les mêmes critiques.

 

Si les Américains ont les nerfs à vif, c'est parce que Barack Obama est mis en difficulté par les élus qui lui demandent des comptes sur son intervention en Libye. Les Etats-Unis ont déjà dépensé 715 millions de dollars entre le 19 mars et le 3 juin, selon un rapport envoyé mercredi au Congrès par l'administration Obama. Ils prévoient un coût d'1,1 milliard de dollars d'ici à la fin septembre. (Ces chiffres ne peuvent être comparés avec ceux de la France, car il ne s'agit pas du même mode de calcul).

 

"Si Kadhafi est toujours là en juillet, ce débat, qui commence à peine à poindre en France, va aussi sérieusement se poser", estime François Heisbourg. "Car, rappelle-t-il, il est inscrit dans la constitution qu’en cas d’opération militaire extérieure se prolongeant au-delà de quatre mois, l’autorisation du parlement est nécessaire. Ce sera le temps des questions douloureuses : est-ce qu'on s'enlise ? Comment va-t-on payer ? Si cette guerre dure plus longtemps, je vois mal comment on va pouvoir supporter ce coût sans accroître soit notre déficit budgétaire, soit nos impôts."

 

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18 juin 2011 6 18 /06 /juin /2011 19:45

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Libya_%281951%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_Libya_%281951%29.svg.png

 

18 Jun 2011 DefenseNews AFP

 

ROME - Italy may begin thinking about a date for the end of its active duty in Libya after the three-month period of its commitment in the conflict is over, its defense minister said in an interview June 18.

 

"What I'm saying is that thinking about a final date for our active participation could lead our British, French and U.S. allies to look for a diplomatic solution to the crisis," Ignazio La Russa told the Corriere della Sera newspaper.

 

La Russa said that both Italy's government and parliament should be involved in the process.

 

Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's center-right coalition government is riven by tensions after the small but influential anti-immigration Northern League called for a halt to Italy's participation in NATO air raids in Libya.

 

La Russa said that whatever Italy's position after the three-month period Rome would continue to make its military bases available for allied operations.

 

He also denied assertions by the Northern League that Italy's participation in the Libya campaign had caused an influx of refugees from North Africa across the Mediterranean Sea, which he said would have happened anyway.

 

The overwhelming majority of the estimated 11,000 Africans who have arrived in Italy from Libya are protected by the Geneva Convention and cannot be repatriated.

 

According to figures released June 17, only 60 of the 11,000 were Libyan.

 

Very few of the estimated 900,000 people who have fled fighting between the NATO-backed rebellion and forces loyal to Moammar Gadhafi have ended up in Europe, Antonio Guterres, the head of the U.N. refugee agency, said Wednesday.

 

The Libyan regime and the country's former colonial ruler Italy signed a pact in August 2008 on tackling illegal migration which have seen the number of clandestine arrivals decline by 94 percent.

 

Under-pressure Gadhafi has threatened to spark a migration invasion of Europe.

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18 juin 2011 6 18 /06 /juin /2011 16:30
L’intervention en Libye : les raisons d’en finir

 

 

18 Juin 2011 Philippe Oswald – Décryptage libertepolitique.com

 

« Les jours de Kadhafi sont comptés », affirme le Premier ministre britannique David Cameron. « L’Alliance ira jusqu’au bout de sa mission », martèle le commandant de l’opération « Protecteur unifié » de l’Otan en Libye, le général canadien Charles Bouchard. C’est ce qu’on nous répète depuis des semaines. Espérons que ce n’est pas une nouvelle manifestation de la méthode Coué. Car le temps presse pour au moins trois raisons.

 

La première, à ne jamais perdre de vue, ce sont les victimes : selon l'ONU, le conflit en Libye a fait depuis le 15 février entre 10.000 et 15.000 morts, et contraint près d'un million de personnes à prendre la fuite. Il est plus que temps de mettre un terme à cette hécatombe et à cette hémorragie que l’intervention militaire alliée avait pour seule mission d’éviter (à ce propos, la spécialiste des situations de crise d'Amnesty International, Donatella Rovera, qui revient de trois mois passés en Libye, estime que le nombre de victimes de Kadhafi durant la première phase des événements est bien moindre qu'annoncé, et accuse les rebelles d’avoir commis eux aussi des atrocités en particulier contre les travailleurs immigrés africains qui n’avaient rien de « mercenaires » de Kadhafi -lire ci-dessous).

 

La seconde raison d’en finir avec la guerre, c’est l’épuisement des deux principaux contributeurs à la mission de l’Otan, le Royaume-Uni et la France : le chef de la marine britannique, l'amiral Mark Stanhope, a estimé que celle-ci ne pourrait maintenir le rythme de ses opérations jusqu'à la fin de l'année. Pour sa part, le chef d'état-major de la marine française, l'amiral Pierre-François Forissier, a évoqué « un problème de ressources humaines » et de maintenance. « Quand on est en opération, on ne fait plus d'école, plus de formation », a-t-il souligné. Si, le Charles de Gaulle restait engagé en Libye jusqu'à la fin 2011, « il ne travaillerait plus du tout en opération en 2012. » Or c’est notre unique porte-avion !

 

Les partenaires de l’Otan doivent composer avec un budget militaire « stagnant, voire déclinant » a reconnu quant à lui le général français Stéphane Abrial, commandant suprême allié pour la transformation, chargé notamment à l’Otan de réfléchir sur l’évolution des problèmes stratégiques. S’exprimant la semaine dernière à Belgrade, en marge d'une conférence de l'Otan, il n’a pas caché à la presse que « si les opérations durent plus longtemps, bien sûr que la question des ressources deviendra critique ».

 

De son côté, le secrétaire américain à la Défense, Robert Gates, ne s’est pas privé, à la veille de prendre sa retraite, de pointer la faiblesse des alliés de l’Alliance atlantique, en prenant l’exemple des opérations en cours en Afghanistan et en Libye.  Lui aussi s’exprimait la semaine dernière, mais à Bruxelles, au terme de deux jours de réunion des ministres de la Défense de l'Otan, pour dénoncer les « lacunes » tant militaires que politiques des Européens. Rappelant que les États-Unis contribuent à hauteur de 75 % aux dépenses de défense de l'Otan, Robert Gates a prévenu sans ambages que le débat sur le déficit budgétaire qui se déroule à Washington n’inciterait pas son pays à « dépenser de plus en plus en faveur de nations qui ne veulent visiblement pas allouer les ressources nécessaires ou entreprendre les changements nécessaires pour devenir des partenaires sérieux et capables pour ce qui relève de leur propre défense ». Et de prédire un avenir de l’Otan « sombre, voire lugubre ». Ambiance…Pour être sûr d’être entendu, Robert Gates en a remis une couche dans une interview à l’agence Associated Press (15 juin) en avertissant que l’Alliance atlantique « pourrait se briser », le fiasco libyen servant de révélateur.

 

La troisième raison pour laquelle le temps presse, c’est que les interventions militaires sont soumises à des échéances légales dans les pays démocratiques. En France, l'article 35 de la Constitution encadre une intervention de l'armée hors des frontières. Dans une première étape, le gouvernement se contente d’informer le Parlement de sa décision de faire intervenir les forces armées à l'étranger, « au plus tard trois jours après le début de l'intervention en précisant les objectifs poursuivis ». Mais « lorsque la durée de l'intervention excède quatre mois, le gouvernement soumet sa prolongation à l'autorisation du Parlement ». L'intervention française en Libye ayant commencé le 19 mars dernier, une session devra donc être programmée avant le 19 juillet. On peut s’attendre à des débats houleux,  alors que le coût des opérations supporté par la France est évalué à 1,2 million d'euros par jour. Qui plus est, nombre d’experts militaires estiment que l’intervention d’hélicoptères nous a fait entrer subrepticement dans une nouvelle phase, celle d’opérations terrestres. Selon eux, en effet, le combat terrestre de contact se compose  de trois pions : le combat "débarqué" de l'infanterie, le combat "embarqué" des chars, et l'aéro-combat des hélicoptères, bien différent des missions de l’aviation.

 

Aux Etats-Unis, l'intervention militaire en Libye est l'occasion d'un nouveau bras de fer entre Républicains et Démocrates. Le président de la Chambre des représentants, le républicain John Boehner, vient de mettre en garde le président Barack Obama quant à une éventuelle poursuite des opérations militaires américaines sans autorisation préalable du Congrès. En Grande-Bretagne, la prolongation est acquise jusqu’en septembre, mais le chef de la Royal Navy, l'Amiral Mark Stanhope, a averti que les priorités devront être repensées si l'opération lancée par l'Otan durait plus de six mois. D’autres pays engagés en Libye ont annoncé qu’ils mettraient les pouces d’ici peu, telle la Norvège qui rapatriera ses six chasseurs F16 le 1er août.

 

Au-delà des moyens et des échéances, reste posée la question principale, celle de la finalité : pourquoi sommes-nous intervenus en Libye, pour quoi, pour qui nous battons-nous ? Nous avons déjà écrit ici la défiance que cette intervention nous inspirait.  Ce sentiment vient d’être conforté par le rapport réalisé à l’initiative du Centre international de recherche et d’étude sur le terrorisme et d’aide aux victimes du terrorisme (CIRET-AVT) et du Centre français de recherche sur le renseignement (CF2R), avec le soutien du Forum pour la paix en Méditerranée. Ce rapport a été réalisé par des experts en matière de défense et de sécurité, tels Yves Bonnet, ancien patron de la Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST), et Eric Dénécé, ancien officier-analyste à l’Evaluation et la Documentation stratégique du Secrétariat Général de la Défense Nationale, au terme d’un voyage d’étude dans les deux camps qui s’affrontent en Libye, à Tripoli du 31 mars au 6 avril, puis à Benghazi, du 19 au 25 avril. Sans nier la gravité des violations perpétrées par le régime du colonel Kadhafi,  les experts sont parvenus à la conclusion suivante : « L’étude des faits nous conduit à affirmer que la révolution n’est ni démocratique, ni spontanée. Nous sommes en présence d’un soulèvement armé organisé de la partie orientale du pays, dans un esprit de revanche et de dissidence ».

Alors que les révoltes populaires en Tunisie et en Egypte étaient dues surtout à l’aggravation de la crise économique, c’est plutôt la répartition du pactole pétrolier qui est en jeu en Libye, sur fond de vieilles défiances tribales, estiment ces experts. Ils n’hésitent pas à dénoncer le caractère mafieux de certains des acteurs de la rébellion, notamment à Benghazi, « épicentre de la migration africaine vers l’Europe » : « Le trafic humain s’est transformé en une véritable industrie, brassant des milliards de dollars. Une monde parallèle mafieux s’est développé dans la ville où le trafic est profondément implanté et emploie des milliers de personnes dans tous les domaines. » C’est précisément parce que le pouvoir libyen avait enfin entrepris de combattre ce cancer en collaborant avec les autorités italiennes que la « mafia locale » a « été en pointe dans le financement et le soutien à la rébellion libyenne » et que des gangs se sont livrés à des expéditions punitives contre « plusieurs centaines de travailleurs immigrés » de divers pays d’Afrique. Cette information a été confirmée le 16 juin à son retour à Paris par l’envoyée d’Amnesty International, Donatella Rovera, qui évoque une « chasse aux sorcières » meurtrière : « Des attaques inadmissibles contre les travailleurs migrants ont eu lieu, en particulier contre les subsahariens, a-t-elle rapporté. Et il y a une responsabilité des autorités politiques qui ont créé cette psychose sur les mercenaires. Certains ont été lynchés, d'autres pendus dans les places publiques. J'ai vu leur corps dans les morgues. Là, c'était la foule. Mais après j'ai retrouvé des corps par-ci par-là, pieds et mains liés une balle dans la tête... »

 

Le rapport précédent pointe aussi l’hétérogénéité du Conseil national de transition (CNT), l’organe politique de la rébellion, « coalition d’éléments disparates aux intérêts divergents, dont l’unique point commun est leur opposition déterminée au régime. Les véritables démocrates n’y sont qu’une minorité. »

 

On peut en effet nourrir légitimement des doutes sur l’attachement à la démocratie du clan des Sénoussis, qui pratiquent une « forme conservatrice et austère de l’Islam » et ne pardonnent pas à Kadhafi d’avoir  renversé en 1969 le roi Idriss, membre du clan. On éprouve les mêmes doutes vis-à-vis du président du CNT en personne, Mustapha Abdujabil al-Bayda, opposant de la dernière heure, qui n’est autre que l’ancien ministre de la Justice libyenne et le président de la cour d’appel de Tripoli ayant confirmé, par deux fois, la peine de mort prononcée contre les infirmières bulgares et le médecin palestinien, emprisonnés de 1999 à 2007 à Benghazi ! Plus grave encore, la présence en Cyrénaïque de jihadistes,  anciens du Groupe islamique de combat libyen (GICL), fondé en Afghanistan dans les années 1990 par des ressortissants libyens : « La région qui va de Benghazi à Tobrouk en passant par Derna représente l’une des plus grandes concentrations de terroristes au monde, avec un combattant envoyé en Irak pour 1.000 à 1.500 habitants » indique le rapport, citant une étude de l’Académie militaire de West Point. La conclusion s’impose : « La coalition militaire sous l’égide de l’Otan soutient une rébellion comprenant des terroristes islamiques.» N’est-ce pas déjà ce que les Américains avaient fait en Afghanistan il y a trente ans…avec des conséquences que nous continuons de payer aujourd’hui avec eux au prix fort ?

 

Pour lire ce rapport sur la situation en Libye :  http://www.cf2r.org/images/stories/news/201106/rapport-libye.pdf

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18 juin 2011 6 18 /06 /juin /2011 07:00

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17/06/11 By Luca Peruzzi SOURCE:Flight International

 

Almost 100 days since the launch of coalition air operations over Libya, the Italian air force's chief of staff has for the first time detailed his service's involvement in the NATO campaign.

 

"We have been and are deploying almost the complete range of operational assets at our disposal," said Lt Gen Giuseppe Bernardis, who also outlined the service's progress with revolutionising its power projection capabilities.

 

Italy's involvement in Libya commenced with the use of Lockheed Martin C-130J tactical transports to perform non-combatant evacuation operations. It also committed Panavia Tornado ECR aircraft for the suppression of enemy air defences, plus Lockheed F-16s and later Eurofighters to help enforce a UN-mandated no-fly zone.

 

"Since the launch of Operation Unified Protector, our Tornado IDS have conducted intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions with the [Rafael] Reccelite pod, while from the end of April our strike force has been involved in air-to-ground operations with almost the complete inventory of weapon systems," Bernardis said.

 

This has included the use of Raytheon Paveway/Enhanced Paveway II and III laser- and GPS-guided bombs, others fitted with Boeing's Joint Direct Attack Munition guidance kit and, for the first time operationally, MBDA's Storm Shadow cruise missile.

 

"We are satisfied with the platform and weapon systems performances and crews' operational efficiency," Bernardis said.

 

"Our reduced fleet of new Eurofighter air superiority aircraft and upgraded Tornado and AMX strike aircraft is offering substantial enhancements in terms of capabilities and reliability compared to our previous large but less-sophisticated frontline component," he added. "The Libyan operations testify once again that investing in the capability to deploy a smaller but state-of-the-art fleet of first- and second-line platforms allows us to participate in international operations as a key player, within political indications."

 

Combat missions have been supported by the air force's Alenia Aeronautica G222VS signals intelligence aircraft, and also by its KC-130Js and one Boeing KC-767A tanker.

 

Two of Italy's delayed four KC-767As were placed into operational use in mid-May. "One is devoted to transport certification, while the other focuses on in-flight refuelling activities to speed up full operational capability," Bernardis said, with the latter currently limited to using its hose and drogue refuelling equipment only. The remaining pair should arrive late this year with operational software and hardware enhancements.

 

Italian aircraft have also for the first time made extensive use of the Link 16 datalink network during the campaign.

 

The air force could potentially allocate more of its assets to the mission should it continue for an extended period. Bernardis said that operators for its new General Atomics MQ-9 Predator B/Reaper unmanned air vehicles "are conducting training at a high pace from Amendola air base, in order to speed up initial operational capability and possibly put the aircraft at NATO disposal for Libyan operations".

 

Italy's first two of six Reapers were delivered in 2010, with two more to arrive late this year and the remainder to follow by mid-2012. Equipped with an electro-optical/infrared sensor and synthetic aperture payload, the aircraft can locate and designate targets for other aircraft, but will not carry weapons. Work to upgrade six A-model Predators also continues.

 

Looking beyond its current operational commitments, Bernardis said the air force will continue to enhance its existing fleet while also preparing to introduce new types.

 

"We want to consolidate the Eurofighter's air superiority capabilities before exploring its secondary air-to-ground role. In parallel, we are upgrading the Tornado IDS/ECR fleet and plan to introduce new equipment, such as the [Rafael] Litening III targeting pod and [Boeing] small diameter bomb." Such measures will fill the gap until Lockheed's F-35 Lightning II enters use, he said.

 

The air force has identified a requirement for both the conventional take-off and landing F-35A to replace its AMXs and Tornados and the short take-off and vertical landing F-35B to provide an expeditionary capability.

 

Previous plans had called for the STOVL aircraft to enter use first, but Bernardis said: "With the F-35B development accumulated delays, a switch to an initial F-35A CTOL version entry into service is being considered." A final decision is expected this year. Its first aircraft will be used to support training in the US, with Italy expecting to declare initial operational capability from 2018.

 

In a nearer-term procurement, the air force is to replace its Agusta-Sikorsky HH-3F combat search-and-rescue and Agusta-Bell AB212 SAR helicopters, respectively with up to 12 AgustaWestland AW101s and 10 AW139s. "The latter will be delivered within two years as gap-fillers until the more capable AW149 will be ready, while the first two AW101s will be handed over in 2014," Bernardis said.

 

Further orders for the CSAR-roled AW101 will follow within annual procurement budgets, depending on available funds.

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17 juin 2011 5 17 /06 /juin /2011 20:45

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17/06/11 belga - 7sur7.be

 

La Belgique peut poursuivre pour une longue période sa participation à l'opération "Unified Protector" de l'Otan en Libye, a assuré vendredi le ministre de la Défense, Pieter De Crem, même si les coûts s'avèrent plus élevés qu'envisagé au départ.

 

"Nous pouvons continuer de manière indéterminée, il n'y a aucun problème d'ordre matériel et opérationnel", a-t-il affirmé au cours d'une réunion conjointe des commissions des relations extérieures et de la défense de la Chambre consacrée à la Libye.

 

M. De Crem a concédé qu'il ignorait combien de temps cette intervention - entamée le 19 mars et dont la durée dépasse désormais l'opération "Allied Force" de l'Otan au Kosovo au printemps 1999 - durerait encore.

 

Le gouvernement a décidé le 1er juin de poursuivre l'engagement militaire en Libye selon les mêmes modalités que celles des trois premiers mois de l'opération: six chasseurs-bombardiers F-16, un chasseur de mines et des membres d'équipage dans les avions radar AWACS de l'OTAN engagés dans l'opération "Unified Protector" de l'Alliance atlantique.

 

Les coûts, au départ estimés à douze millions d'euros, s'élèvent désormais à 13,748 millions d'euros nets (14,764 millions bruts) pour la période expirant le 23 juin, a indiqué M. De Crem (CD&V). (belga)

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17 juin 2011 5 17 /06 /juin /2011 17:00

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Jun 17, 2011 ASDNews Source : Saab AB

 

Saab decided to launch an investigation after details emerged in the media about a contract with a South African consultant about which Saab had no prior knowledge.

 

Saab has now completed a review of the contract and the financial transactions of the company Sanip Pty Ltd during the period in question.

 

Our review revealed that approximately 24 million rand was paid from BAE Systems to Sanip. These payments were transferred to the South African consultant shortly thereafter.

 

"These transactions have never entered into the accounts," says Saab's President and CEO Hakan Buskhe, adding,

 

"A person emplyed by BAE Systems has without Saab's knowledge signed a for us unknown contract, signed for us up until now unknown transactions as well as signing the audited and apparently inaccurate financial statement for 2003.

 

The investigation and assembled materials have been submitted to the attorney Tomas Nilsson, who has been asked to comment whether, in his view, the investigation material supports Saab's conclusions. All investigation material has been handed over to Chief Prosecutor Gunnar Stetler at the National Anti-Corruption Unit on Saab's behalf. Saab will be at the complete disposal of the Chief Prosecutor in this case, should such a need arise.

 

"Saab has a zero-tolerance policy towards irregularities. Our internal investigation and openness in this matter demonstrates how seriously we regard this," says Hakan Buskhe.

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17 juin 2011 5 17 /06 /juin /2011 11:45

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« Le régime libyen ne peut plus regrouper ses troupes ou même les déplacer pour des opérations proprement militaires », estime le général Charles Bouchard (mercredi, à bord du porte-avions italien Garibaldi ). Crédits photo : MARCELLO PATERNOSTRO/AFP

 

17/06/2011 Par Jean-Jacques Mevel – LeFigaro.fr

Le général Bouchard, commandant de l'opération «Protecteur unifié», accuse Tripoli de retenir 25 000 civils en otages. 

Pilote d'hélicoptère chevronné, le général canadien Charles Bouchard a été nommé le 25 mars dernier commandant de l'opération «Protecteur unifié» de l'Otan en Libye. Il a reçu l'envoyé spécial du Figaro à bord du porte-avions italien Garibaldi, au large de la Libye. 

 

LE FIGARO. - En Libye, ce que certains voyaient comme une guerre éclair dure depuis quatre-vingt-dix jours. Combien de temps encore?


Général Charles BOUCHARD. -C'est une question qu'il faut poser à Kadhafi, cela dépend de lui et de son régime uniquement. Ce sont eux qui doivent cesser les violences. Ensuite, il reviendra aux Libyens de décider pour eux-mêmes, comme le font les Tunisiens et les Égyptiens. Malheureusement, le régime du colonel est plus répressif…

 

Est-ce vraiment une surprise?


La Libye est différente de ses voisins. Il n'y a pas de loyauté au pays, mais une allégeance à la famille, à la tribu. Il est difficile pour la population de se soulever en masse si les chefs de clan sont retenus en otages sous peine de mort. Certains renseignements rapportent que Kadhafi détient ainsi aujourd'hui jusqu'à 25 000 personnes dans ce système de terreur. Pourtant, cela n'empêche pas les soulèvements populaires, même dans les quartiers de Tripoli.

 

Vous dites otages, d'autres parlent de boucliers humains…


Absolument. Kadhafi utilise des civils pour protéger des cibles militaires. Un exemple parmi beaucoup d'autres : les Libyens ont installé un parc d'attractions pour enfants juste à côté d'un bunker. Qui peut mettre des enfants à côté d'une cible militaire ?

 

Cela gêne-t-il ou ralentit-il la campagne?


Il faut tenir compte de tout. Pas seulement des prisonniers, mais bien sûr de la population. Chacune de nos cibles est une cible militaire ou une cible d'utilité militaire. Mais nous parlons d'un pays où l'adversaire a retiré partout l'uniforme pour se mêler aux civils. Il se protège derrière la population, les femmes, les enfants, dans des mosquées, des hôpitaux. Pour nous, c'est un défi permanent.

 

L'Otan a cessé de fournir un état régulier de destruction des forces libyennes. Pourquoi?


À ce stade de l'opération, les chiffres ne veulent plus rien dire. Tout ce dont Kadhafi a besoin pour semer la terreur, ce sont quelques mortiers ou une poignée de chars. À Misrata, au début de la semaine, il a suffi de deux ou trois pièces d'artillerie pour une tuerie très médiatisée. En revanche, grâce à l'Otan, le régime ne peut plus regrouper ses troupes ou même les déplacer pour des opérations proprement militaires.

 

Les hélicoptères d'attaque font-ils aujourd'hui une différence?


Les Britanniques et surtout les Français font un travail superbe. Non seulement à l'attaque, mais aussi dans les têtes. Les hélicoptères opèrent la nuit, subrepticement, et la seule chose que voit l'adversaire, c'est le missile qui lui tombe dessus sans prévenir. L'effet est unique, la peur casse ce qui reste de la volonté de combattre chez les partisans de Kadhafi. C'est tellement efficace qu'on utilise aujourd'hui l'image des hélicoptères dans les tracts de propagande largués au-dessus de la Libye. «Regardez ce qui vous pend au nez, arrêtez les violences !»

 

Les alliés vous donnent-ils assez de moyens?


Vous ne trouverez jamais un commandant pour vous dire qu'il a trop de ressources. L'Otan a une mission, une stratégie et des moyens. Si on en a plus, tant mieux. Si on en a moins, il faut choisir ses priorités. Je dispose du soutien résolu de l'Otan et des capitales, j'ai ce qu'il faut pour remplir le mandat et accomplir la mission.

 

Robert Gates, le chef du Pentagone, dit que la campagne bat de l'aile faute de moyens européens. À Paris, Londres ou Oslo, on s'inquiète d'une campagne qui s'éternise. Est-ce que les politiques vous tirent dans le dos?


Pas du tout. La politique est en dehors de mes préoccupations. Honnêtement, j'ai déjà les mains pleines avec la conduite des opérations militaires. Chaque pays allié est responsable de ses forces et les rapports me disent qu'ils sont capables de soutenir les forces engagées le temps qu'il faudra. Je ne mène pas cette campagne au-dessus de mes moyens. Dans l'Otan, chaque pays choisit son engagement, avec les limites qu'il se fixe lui-même. Mon rôle, c'est d'unifier cette équipe au départ disparate et de la mener au succès.

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16 juin 2011 4 16 /06 /juin /2011 20:27

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16/06/2011 Le Point.fr

 

Les avancées ont eu lieu pour l'essentiel dans l'Ouest, sur la ceinture que les rebelles développent autour de Tripoli.

 

"Les forces d'opposition semblent avoir l'ascendant sur les forces de Kadhafi, ce qui traduit bien l'attrition que ces dernières subissent actuellement", a déclaré jeudi le porte-parole de l'état-major français, le colonel Thierry Burkhard. Les avancées se font "essentiellement dans l'Ouest, sur la ceinture qu'ils sont en train de développer autour de la région de Tripoli", a-t-il ajouté lors du point de presse hebdomadaire du ministère de la Défense.

 

"On n'a pas de troupes au sol donc c'est assez difficile d'avoir une vision exacte de la situation", a-t-il ajouté. La France et ses alliés agissent dans le cadre de la résolution 1973 des Nations unies, qui exclut toute intervention au sol en Libye. L'aviation française, notamment embarquée sur le porte-avions Charles de Gaulle, a effectué 253 sorties, dont 115 d'attaques au sol, au cours de la semaine écoulée, selon l'état-major. Le volet français de l'opération, baptisé Harmattan, coûte un peu plus d'un million d'euros par jour. "En 80 jours, ça nous a coûté 87 millions d'euros", a déclaré une source militaire française.

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16 juin 2011 4 16 /06 /juin /2011 20:15

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16 juin 2011 romandie.com AFP

 

STOCKHOLM - Le groupe de défense suédois Saab a reconnu jeudi que des pots-de-vin d'un montant de 24 millions de rands (2,5 millions d'euros) avaient été versés pour favoriser la vente d'avions de chasse suédois à l'Afrique du sud.

 

Saab rejette cependant toute responsabilité dans ces versements qu'il dit avoir ignorés et qui ont été effectués selon lui par son partenaire de l'époque, le groupe de défense britannique BAE Systems.

 

La chaîne suédoise TV4 avait révélé le mois dernier l'existence de pots-de-vin s'élevant à plusieurs millions d'euros, sous forme de bonus et de salaires, étalés entre 2003 et 2005, en échange d'un contrat de vente de 26 avions suédois JAS Gripen à l'Afrique du sud.

 

Saab explique dans un communiqué que ces payements d'environ 24 millions de rands ont été effectués par BAE Systems à la Sanip, la succursale du constructeur suédois en Afrique du sud alors gérée par BAE.

 

Ces versements ont été transférés peu de temps après de la Sanip à un consultant sud-africain de Saab, ajoute le groupe suédois.

 

Selon TV4, ce consultant, M. Fana Hlongwane, était également à l'époque conseiller du ministère de la Défense de Pretoria et il lui avait été promis de l'argent pour favoriser le contrat entre Saab et l'Afrique du sud.

 

Le président directeur général de Saab, Haakan Buskhe, cité par le communiqué, assure que son groupe n'a jamais eu connaissance de ces versements et il rejette toute responsabilité de Saab.

 

Ces transactions n'ont jamais été inscrites dans nos comptes, déclare-t-il.

 

Une personne employée par BAE Systems a, sans que Saab le sache, signé un contrat inconnu de nous, signé des transactions jusqu'à présent inconnues de nous et signé le communiqué financier de 2003 audité et apparemment inexact, poursuit le PDG.

 

Dans des déclarations à l'agence suédoise TT, M. Buskhe assure que ces transactions n'ont jamais été enregistrées dans les livres de comptes de Saab et que divers types d'activités n'étaient pas visibles pour son groupe.

 

L'unité anticorruption du parquet suédois a été saisie. Les documents relatifs à cette affaire ont été remis par Saab au procureur Gunnar Stetler, selon le communiqué du groupe.

 

Cette affaire intervient alors que BAE Systems a annoncé la semaine dernière la mise en vente des parts qui lui restaient dans Saab, estimées à environ 152 millions de livres (170 millions d'euros).

 

Saab a également annoncé jeudi la démission du représentant de BAE Michael O'Callaghan de son conseil d'administration comme conséquence de cette mise en vente.

 

Le contrat passé entre Saab et l'Afrique du sud portait initialement sur la livraison de 28 avions de chasse JAS Gripen pour un montant de 15 milliards de couronnes (1,6 milliards d'euros). Il a été réduit à 26 appareils dont le dernier doit être livré l'année prochaine.

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15 juin 2011 3 15 /06 /juin /2011 21:09

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June 15, 2011 defpro.com

 

BEIJING | Military officials from China and Tanzania agreed Tuesday to further promote the relations between the two countries' armed forces.

 

The two militaries have seen satisfying development of ties, with frequent exchanges and deepened cooperation in various fields, said Chinese People's Liberation Army(PLA) Chief of the General Staff Chen Bingde in his talks with visiting chief of Defense Forces of the Tanzania People's Defense Forces General Davis Mwamunyange.

 

Mwamunyange is paying a week-long official goodwill visit to China at the invitation of Chen.

 

Chen said the PLA values its traditional relationship with Tanzanian People's Defense Forces (TPDF), and is ready to make joint efforts with TPDF to further promote friendly and cooperative ties between the two armed forces.

 

Chen said China and Tanzania have profound and traditional friendship, and the bilateral relationship of cooperation has stood the test of time.

 

Chen hailed the achievements of cooperation the two sides have made in political, economic and cultural areas.

 

Echoing Chen, Mwamunyange said both sides have shared same opinions on major issues since the two countries established diplomatic ties in the 1960s. Tanzanian government has always adhered to the one-China policy, and China has helped a lot in Tanzania's military construction.

 

Tanzania hopes the two sides will cherish traditional friendship and work to push the advancement of relations between the two countries and two militaries.

 

Chen held a welcome ceremony for Mwamunyange who arrived in Beijing on Sunday. (Xinhua)

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15 juin 2011 3 15 /06 /juin /2011 18:20

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15 June 2011 by defenseWeb

 

The South African Navy has awarded Atlas Elektronik of Wedel, Germany a R351 149.22 contract for SUT 264 heavyweight torpedo.

 

The SUT 264 is the main weapon of the Manthatisi-class diesel-electric submarine fleet of the SA Navy. The 533mm (21 inch) diameter German submarine torpedo was deployed in the SAN from 2006. The wire-guided weapon features active/passive onboard terminal guidance and has a range of 28km at 23 knots or 12km at 35 knots. The torpedo carries a 250kg RDX warhead initiated by magnetic field or contact.

 

The contract follows a R2.389 million award to French firm SAFT in late May to supply SUT torpedo secondary batteries to the sea service and to refurbish the primary batteries of the underwater weapon.

 

Procurement of 264 SUT Torpedo spares

ETMG/2010/443 2 Jun 2011 R351 149,22 Atlas Elektronik GmbH

 

Procurement of SUT torpedo secondary batteries and refurbishment of primary batteries

EMTM/2010/375 26 May 2011 R2 389 917,94 SAFT t/a Defence and Space Division

Poitiers France

 

Submarine underwater torpedo support services

ETMG/2010/401 23 Mar 2011 R3 066 899,60 Armscor Defence Institutes (Pty) Ltd

t/a Institute for Maritime Technology

 

Maintenance and support services of the submarine underwater torpedo systems for the South African Navy - extension of ELGS/2009/27

LGS/S2010/4470 30 Sep 2010 R307 955,83 Armscor Defence Institutes (Pty) Ltd

t/a Institute for Maritime Technology

 

Maintenance and support services of the submarine underwater torpedo systems for the South African Navy

ELGS/2009/27 20 Aug 2009 R4 129 530,07 Armscor Defence Institutes (Pty) Ltd

t/a Institute for Maritime Technology

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15 juin 2011 3 15 /06 /juin /2011 18:15

http://www.defenceweb.co.za/images/stories/SEA/SEA_NEW/USCGCChaseWHEC718.jpg

 

15 June 2011 by defenseWeb

 

The Nigerian Navy (NN) says the US Coast Guard cutter it received last month is in good condition, even though it came into service 42 years ago. Nigeria took possession of the former Coast Guard Cutter Chase (WHEC-718) on May 13.

 

"The life of a ship is not determined by its age but by the quality of maintenance as well as modernisation programmes and the state of the equipment on board,'' the NN's chief of policy and plans, Rear Admiral James Oladimeji, told journalists in the Nigerian capital, Abuja, late last month.

 

The ex-Chase has been recommisioned as the NNS Thunder. The Hamilton class High Endurance Cutter was laid down on October 26, 1966 at Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans; launched on May 20, 1967 and commissioned on March 11, 1968. The 115m, 3250-ton cutters is armed with a 76mm OTO Melera gun and decommissioned on March 29 this year. She was transferred as an excess defence article under the US Foreign Assistance Act.

 

"She is in good condition and equipped with four main engines, both diesel and gas turbine. In line with the US maintenance standards, she has within the past two decades undergone major life extension refits which in every sense makes her a new ship by operational performance standards. The money paid to the US government for the ship was used to refit the ship before her transfer," Oladimeji said.

 

He added that the Nigerian Navy, founded on June 1, 1956 with “some men seconded from the marine department of the Nigerian Ports Authority” has grown "and now operates modern missile carrying ship and helicopters."

 

Oladimeji said the NNPC has donated 10 transport vessels to the Navy to enhance operations in the Niger Delta. The navy has also established new base in Lokoja known as NNS Lugard and another in Ikot Abasi known as NNS Jubilee.

 

The Deputy Defence Adviser at the Nigeria Embassy, Washington DC, Navy Captain Adefemi Kayode, said the ship would sail to Nigeria in July and its Nigerian crew has been undergoing further training since May 16. Kayode also defended the age of the cutter and its sea-worthiness, the Daily Trust reports, saying "it is all about the culture of maintenance; if you have a ship of 1960 that is well maintained, there is no problem."

 

The class has a crossing range of 9600 nautical miles (17,800km) at 20 knots (40km/h). Top speed is 28 knots. Fitted with a 24m flight deck – but no hangar – the ship is capable of handling a medium helicopter.

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15 juin 2011 3 15 /06 /juin /2011 16:45

 

June 14, 2011 Brussels (AFP)

 

NATO on assured Tuesday it has sufficient resources to continue its air campaign in Libya, despite fears the alliance could run out of steam as Moamer Khadafi digs in his heels.

 

Amid signs of military strain in the three-month war effort, NATO moved to reassure it could maintain its mission to ground Kadhafi's air force and limit the regime's ability to launch attacks against civilians.

 

"We continue to maintain a high tempo of operation," NATO spokeswoman Oana Lungescu told reporters.

 

"It is clear that NATO has the resources to keep up the pressure on the Kadhafi regime. We know it takes time."

 

The assurances came days after outgoing US Defence Secretary Robert Gates admonished NATO allies, saying shrinking military budgets put both the Libya mission and the alliance's future at risk.

 

"Frankly, many of those allies sitting on the sidelines (in Libya) do so not because they do not want to participate, but simply because they cannot. The military capabilities simply aren't there," Gates said in Brussels on Friday.

 

In illustration, Norway last week announced a cutback in its participation -- of six F-16 fighter jets -- amid reports Denmark was running out of bombs and had asked the Netherlands to help replenish its stock.

 

Tuesday, senior brass from Britain and France, key players in the Libya campaign, publicly worried about how to maintain an operation just extended a further three months from June 27.

 

"How long can we go on as we are in Libya?" Britain's First Sea Lord, Admiral Mark Stanhope, asked.

 

"Certainly in terms of NATO's current time limit that has been extended to 90 days, we are comfortable with that. Beyond that, we might have to request the government to make some challenging decisions about priorities."

 

In similar comments, a top NATO commander, French General Stephane Abrial, said the issue of resources "will become critical" if the conflict drags on.

 

The country's sole aircraft carrier, the Charles de Gaulle, for example will have to be taken out of service for the whole of 2012 if deployed off Libya until the end of this year, said Navy chief, Admiral Pierre-Francois Forissier.

 

France is spending 1.2 million euros ($1.7 million) a day in Libya, defence ministry sources said.

 

"Should resources be used to reduce public deficits or for the operation in Libya? This is a real political choice," said consultant Joseph Henrotin of the Paris-based Centre for Risk Analysis and Forecast. (CAPRI).

 

Gates last week also said many allies lacked intelligence and surveillance aircraft and specialists, which meant the US military had to step in to ensure that allied fighter jets could identify and strike targets.

 

"The mightiest military alliance in history is only 11 weeks into an operation against a poorly armed regime in a sparsely populated country -- yet many allies are beginning to run short of munitions, requiring the US, once more, to make up the difference," Gates said.

 

With only eight of the alliance's 28 members conducting air strikes in Libya, the NATO spokeswoman said members are partners currently were "considering how they can best provide the necessary resources to see this mission through."

 

South Africa meanwhile blasted NATO over the strikes saying they were targeted at toppling Kadhafi and staging political killings.

 

President Jacob Zuma told parliament Tuesday that a UN resolution meant to protect civilians was being "abused for regime change, political assassinations and foreign military occupation."

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 16:45

http://www.defenceweb.co.za/images/stories/SEA/SEA_NEW/submarinos102sascharlot_1.jpg

 

14 June 2011 by defenceWeb

 

The South African Navy has ordered new submarine circuit breaker and pneumatic cam switch spares from Siemens Ltd for its fleet of three Heroine-class Type 209 diesel-electric attack submarines (SSK). The deal, worth R10 272 517.26,was awarded last week.

 

The deal follows on a R1 397 438.48 order the week before for spare pneumatic cam switching devices and an order in September last year – for R15 810 910.00 for the procurement and commissioning of a circuit breaker test facility. Both these contracts were also awarded to Siemens Ltd of Pinetown.

 

It is not clear f the spares are being procured to build up reserves or whether it relates to the repair of the SAS Manthatisi. Rear Admiral Bernhard Teuteberg told the Portfolio Commitee on Defence and Military Veterans in November last year that the boat's electrical system had been damaged when “someone” had connected the submarine to its high voltage shore service “the wrong way round", blowing fuses in the submarine.

 

Teuteberg also decried the efficiency of the submarine's battery, saying that when being charged, the current battery produced hydrogen. A build-up of the gas had damaged some of the submarine’s battery cells, of which there are 480. The problem had been solved by introducing hydrogen release valves and the manufacturer, a Greek company, had given the undertaking that some of the damaged units would be replaced free of charge.

 

The three boats were acquired for R8.1 billion as part of Project Wills,a component of the controversial 1999 Strategic Defence Package. The lead sub, SAS Manthatisi was laid down at Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Thyssen Nordsee Werke, Kiel on May 22, 2001, was launched June 15, 2004 and commissioned November 3, 2005. She arrived in South African waters in April 2006. Her sisters were both commissioned March 14, 2007. The Charlotte Maxeke arrived in South African waters in April 2007 and SAS Queen Modjadji I in May 2008.

 

In 2006 then Senior Officer Submarines Captain Malcolm Farre said the government set two main criteria in selecting the T209. The submarine firstly, had to be of a proven design. The T209 has been around since the 1970s and has never suffered a serious design mishap. Secondly, there had to be adequate logistic support, even if support from the primary supplier was interrupted. A dozen navies use about 60 of the type meaning it has a wide global footprint and parts could likely be sourced elsewhere than from source if necessary.

 

The Type 209 design beat several other offers, including a French offer to upgrade the three Daphné SSKs then in service and a fourth, which was to be donated. A Franco-Spanish consortium also offered two Daphnés as interim vessels while they constructed the Navy a number of CN2000 Scorpéne submarines. Sweden offered the Type 192, an export version of the Gotland-class submarine and Italy proposed Fincantieri’s S1600 design; while Russia suggested its Project 636 Kilo-class boat.

 

Cabinet in 2006 decided to name the boats for three heroic women in honour of the 50th anniversary of the Woman’s March against the iniquity of pass laws on August 9, 1956. This continued a SA tradition to name submarines after noteworthy women. The previous-generation Daphnés were named for women the National Party regime thought significant: Maria van Riebeeck, Johanna van der Merwe and Emily Hobhouse.

 

 

Submarine circuit breaker and pneumatic cam switch spares: SA Navy Type 209 submarine

EMTM/2010/400 8 Jun 2011 R10 272 517,26 Siemens Ltd

 

Procurement of spare pneumatic cam switching devices for Type 209, Mod 1400 submarines

EMTM/2010/512 26 May 2011 R1 397 438,48 Siemens Ltd

 

Procure and commission circuit breaker test facility for Type 209, Mod 1400 submarines

EMTM/2009/559 8 Sep 2010 R15 810 910,00 Siemens Ltd

 

Maintenance and support services of the command and surveillance general fire control systems and surveillance systems, underwater for the SA Navy

ELGS/2010/11 8 Sep 2010 R48 391 021,90 Cybicom Atlas Defence

 

Procure and commission circuit breaker test facility for Type 209, Mod 1400 submarines

EMTM/2009/559 8 Sep 2010 R15 810 910,00 Siemens Ltd

 

Maintenance and support services of the command and surveillance general fire control systems and surveillance systems, underwater for the SA Navy

ELGS/2010/11 8 Sep 2010 R48 391 021,90 Cybicom Atlas Defence

 

Maintenance and support services for the submarine action information systems for the SA Navy - extension of ELGS/2006/117

LGS/S2009/4274 17 Mar 2010 R2 382 547,02 Cybicom Software

LGS/S2008/3211 19 Feb 2009 R13 691,71 Cybicom Software

LGS/S2008/3871 13 Feb 2009 R4 571 418,63 Cybicom Software

 

Procurement of type 209 MOD 1400 submarine radar antenna unit

EMTM/2009/304 19 Nov 2009 R2 781 902,78 Marlog Marine Logistik GMBH

 

Procurement of type 209 model 1400 submarine depot spare parts

EMTM/2008/421 6 Aug 2009 R18 107 215,74 Marlog Marine Logistik GMBH

Alfphastone GmbH

 

Development and commissioning of a shore based combat suite engineering test bed for the South African Navy Class 209 submarines

EMTM/2008/585 5 Aug 2009 R46 560 029,60 Cybicom Software

 

Supply and integration of SA Navy class 209 submarine engineering test bed periscope simulator - extension of EMTM/2006/522

MTM/S2007/1373 21 Nov 2007 R113 420,20 Cybicom Software

 

Engineering test bed periscope simulator for the SA Navy 209 Class Submarine

EMTM/2006/522 5 Jul 2007 R6 985 523,00 Cybicom Software

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 16:35

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June 14, 2011 defpro.com

 

NAPLES | Anti-Qadhafi sentiment is increasing in Libya as a growing number of Libyans demand the right to choose their own future. Along the north-west coast of Libya between Tripoli and the Tunisian border Libyans long tired of Qadhafi rule are challenging his legitimacy openly, and in doing so, are under threat of attack.

 

NATO is monitoring the situation closely and is taking necessary action to protect civilians. Earlier today east of Tripoli an armoured vehicle with anti-aircraft guns was struck as it moved to threaten civilians, other targets struck in the area included a multiple rocket launcher and an anti-aircraft weapon system.

 

In Misrata last night, precision-guided weapons were used to strike a technical vehicle, a tank, a multiple rocket launcher and an armoured vehicle.

 

“These types of equipment have been used to indiscriminately target the civilian population throughout Libya,” said Lieutenant-General Charles Bouchard, Commander of Operation Unified Protector. “NATO will maintain the pressure on the Qadhafi regime and continue to take action to protect civilians wherever they are under threat of attack.”

 

NATO's Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR is being conducted under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which calls for an immediate end to all attacks against civilians and authorizes all necessary measures to protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack in Libya.

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 12:20

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13 June 2011 by defenceWeb

 

Royal Danish Air Force F-16 fighter jets are running out of bombs for Libya operations, causing the Danish military to ask Netherlands to help replenish stocks, according to reports.

 

The Danish Politiken daily cited unnamed military sources, saying that "The Danish F-16s are about to run out of bombs to continue to attack Libya." It added that, "The Danish military has therefore asked Holland for help."

 

A Danish military spokesman from the logistics division did not confirm the report – however, he said his department was speaking to other coalition partners about supplies.

 

"It is our job to always support operations in the short, medium and long-term and we always have a close cooperation with our F-16 partnership countries, in particular Norway and the Netherlands," Anders Paaskesen of the Danish Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organisation told AFP.

 

Denmark was one of the first countries to offer air assets for the international air campaign to protect Libyan civilians from Moamer Kadhafi's forces.

 

Its fighter jets have been participating in the mission since March 20. Denmark has six F-16 jets stationed at the Signonella base of the Italian island of Sicily, four of which are operational at any given time.

 

Since operations began, the Danish jets have carried out 274 sorties and dropped 494 precision bombs, Inge Borggaard of the Air Force Tactical Command told AFP.

 

 

On Thursday US Defence Secretary Robert Gate said that European countries flying the bulk of the air strikes against Libya are stretched thin and will find the NATO-led mission increasingly painful unless other allies do more.

 

Gates said the alliance does have the capacity to maintain the U.N.-backed effort to protect Libyan civilians from attacks by the forces of leader Muammar Gaddafi.

 

"I think they'll be able to sustain it, but the question is just how much more painful it becomes if other countries that have the capabilities, that have the capacity, don't step up," he told a news conference at NATO headquarters in Brussels.

 

"Those who are bearing the brunt of the strike burden are increasingly pressed," he added, calling it a "manifestation of a lack of investment in defence over many years."

 

Gates, attending his last NATO meeting before retiring, made his remarks a day after holding discussions with his 27 NATO counterparts and naming countries he thought could do more.

 

Officials familiar with the discussions said he named Spain, Turkey and the Netherlands as countries that should consider doing strike missions. He also named Germany and Poland as countries that are doing nothing but had capabilities they could contribute to the mission, the officials said.

 

Gates told the news conference that he had only named "big countries that have the actual military capacity" to contribute to the Libya mission.

 

"He did make the point that certain countries are carrying a large share of the burden ... and you couldn't have the alliance as such expect only eight countries to carry that part of the burden," a senior US official said. "He wanted other countries to look at this issue."

 

Eight of the allies are participating in air strikes against Libya, led by France and Britain. Smaller countries such as Norway and Denmark represent about 12 percent of the strike force but are flying a significantly larger proportion of the strike missions, the official said.

 

"Crews are getting tired. The stress on the airplanes is significant," the US official said.

 

Gates told the news conference he thought the allies would step forward with additional help that would relieve some of the stress to sustain the mission.

 

"I can tell you that the United States is committed to this," he added, noting that Washington is providing 75 percent of the air tanker refuelling capacity and as much as 80 percent of the intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance flights.

 

A NATO spokeswoman said a number of allies had said they would consider doing more and some had said they would do more, but she gave no details and there were no immediate announcements by nations.

 

On Friday Gates said that NATO-led operations in Afghanistan and Libya had exposed significant shortcomings in military capabilities and political will among the allies. He said NATO risks "collective military irrelevance" unless its European members boost their military spending and become "serious and capable partners in their own defence".

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 07:45

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14/06/2011 MER et MARINE

 

La frégate de défense aérienne Chevalier Paul a rejoint ce week-end le groupe aéronaval français déployé au large de la Libye. Flambant neuf, le nouveau bâtiment de la Marine nationale, qui a été admis au service actif le 10 juin, était déjà, ce même jour, en route pour sa première mission opérationnelle. Au sein de la Task Force 473, le Chevalier Paul va remplacer la frégate antiaérienne Jean Bart. Grâce à la puissance de ses radars et de son système de combat, le bâtiment peut assurer la protection du porte-avions Charles de Gaulle ou encore le contrôle aérien de la zone. « Son système d'armes antiaérien principal lui permet de faire face aux menaces des missiles les plus récents et de réagir, notamment grâce à ses missiles Aster à silos verticaux, aux attaques aériennes d'importance. Sa discrétion électromagnétique comme sa capacité d'alerte et de leurrage en font un bâtiment de combat adapté aux situations d'hostilités intenses comme aux zones de crises », souligne la Marine nationale. Celle-ci précise que le bâtiment peut assurer la protection d'une force (aéronavale, amphibie voire civile) contre les menaces aériennes (missiles antinavires supersoniques notamment). Il peut aussi exercer le commandement et la coordination des opérations aériennes menées à partir de la mer, y compris celles mettant en oeuvre des aéronefs étrangers. Ses capacités dans les autres domaines de lutte lui permettent également de remplir des missions de nature très diverses : sécurisation d'une zone maritime, contrôle du trafic commercial, évacuation de ressortissants...


Tir de missile Aster, ici sur le Forbin (© : MBDA)

Sistership du Forbin, entré en service l'an dernier, le Chevalier Paul est la seconde frégate française du programme Horizon (qui compte également deux unités pour la marine italienne). Longues de 153 mètres pour un déplacement de 7000 tonnes en charge, les FDA peuvent mettre en oeuvre 32 missiles surface-air Aster 30 et 16 missiles Aster 15, ainsi que 8 missiles antinavire Exocet MM40 Block3. Le reste de l'armement comprend deux tourelles de 76mm, deux canons de 20m et deux tubes lance-torpilles (MU90). Chaque frégate peut, en outre, embarquer un hélicoptère.


Le Forbin et le Chevalier Paul remplace les frégates lance-missiles Suffren et Duquesne, désarmées en 2001 et 2007. Quant aux Cassard et Jean Bart, mises en service en 1988 et 1991, elles seront remplacées en 2021 et 2022 par deux frégates de défense aérienne (FREDA) dérivées des 9 frégates multi-missions (FREMM) de la classe Aquitaine dont la livraison est programmée entre 2012 et 2020.


Le Chevalier Paul (© : MARINE NATIONALE)

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 07:25
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June 13th, 2011 DEFENSETECH

 

 

 

Ok, this is wild. Libyan rebels have taken their Mad Max technical pickup trucks to a new level. The video above show rebels firing what appears to be the turret-mounted 2A28 Grom gun of a Soviet-designed BMP-1 armored personnel carrier from the back of a pickup. Yes, the entire gun turret has been mounted on crude metal supports in the bed of the truck. Note the office swivel chair that has replaced the original gunner’s seat. Also watch the guy standing next to the truck reach inside the turret to fire the gun. Classic.

 

The 2A28 Grom is a 73mm, smoothbore, semi-auto gun that fires the same RPG-style ammunition used in the Soviet-built SPG-9 recoilless gun. While its rounds can pierce armor up to 11 inches thick, it’s not very accurate. It’s max effective range is about 700 meters. However, its got only a 70-percent chance of hitting a target at a range of 500 meters. That goes down to a 50-percent hit rate at 800 meters when the gun is firing from a still position with no wind. I’m not even sure what the unstabilized gun’s accuracy is when it’s fired from a moving vehicle.

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 06:55

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Harriers would have been used for 'ground support' operations,

attacking Col Gaddafi's land forces, Adml Sir Mark Stanhope said  Photo: EPA

 

13 Jun 2011 By James Kirkup, Political Correspondent THE TELEGRAPH

 

The British military intervention in Libya is unsustainable, the head of the Navy has said.

 

Adml Sir Mark Stanhope said the campaign would have been more effective without the Government's defence cuts.

 

The aircraft carrier and the Harrier jump-jets scrapped under last year's strategic defence review would have made the mission more effective, faster and cheaper, he said.

 

Sir Mark warned that the Navy would not be able to sustain its operations in Libya for another three months without making cuts elsewhere.

 

The First Sea Lord's comments will stir the debate over defence cuts that have left Britain without a working aircraft carrier and forced the Royal Navy's Harrier jump jets to be mothballed.

 

Highlighting military anger over the shrinking Armed Forces, another admiral warned that "comical" defence cuts would leave the Navy without enough ships to be effective.

 

Ministers have repeatedly argued that Britain has had no need of either HMS Ark Royal or the Harriers in the Libyan mission because planes can fly from bases in Italy, such as Gioia del Colle.

 

But Sir Mark said the carrier and its planes would have been useful in Libya. "If we had Ark Royal and the Harriers, I feel relatively reassured that we would have deployed that capability off Libya," he said.

 

Harriers would have been used for "ground support" operations, attacking Col Gaddafi's land forces, he said.

 

Sir Mark appeared to contradict ministers' assurances on the Italian bases. He said operating Harriers from an aircraft carrier would have allowed British forces to respond more quickly to events on the ground in Libya.

 

"The pros would have been a much more reactive force," he said. "Rather than deploying from Gioia del Colle, we would deploy within 20 minutes as opposed to an hour and a half, so obviously there are some advantages. It's cheaper to fly an aircraft from an aircraft carrier than from the shore." Scrapping Ark Royal and its Harriers was perhaps the most controversial decision made in last year's Strategic Defence and Security Review. The Coalition has said it could not afford to maintain the ship or the planes. Military analysts and retired defence chiefs have said the cuts have limited Britain's military capabilities.

 

Despite his remarks, Sir Mark said there could be no going back on the cuts. "We have got to look forward."

 

British forces have been in action in Libya since March, yet Col Gaddafi remains in power. On June 1, Nato extended the military mission by another 90 days.

 

Sir Mark said British forces would be "comfortable" with another three months of operations.

 

"Beyond that, we might have to request the Government to make some challenging decisions about priorities," he said. "There are different ways of doing this. It's not simply about giving up standing commitments, we will have to rebalance."

 

Robert Gates, the US defence secretary, said last week that Britain and France were struggling to maintain the Libyan operation without significant American support and supplies.

 

Sir Mark confirmed that the Navy had been forced to ask the US to resupply Tomahawk cruise missiles used by submarines targeting Libya.

 

"We are not running out, but we certainly have to take action to replace those weapons to bring stockpiles back up to where they were," he said.

 

As well as Ark Royal and the Harriers, the Navy is losing 5,000 posts under the defence review.

 

Rear-Adml David Steel, the head of Navy personnel, said the defence cuts would be a major challenge for the Senior Service.

 

"Our ships are hugely capable but we just don't have enough of them," he told a veterans' conference in Plymouth at the weekend.

 

"Having to make so many people redundant would be almost comical if it were not so serious."

 

Dr Liam Fox, the Defence Secretary, defended the defence review last night. He said: "We continue to have the resources necessary to carry out the operations we are undertaking."

 

An MoD source said: "Unfortunately Harriers wouldn't have been able to carry the precision weapons needed for these operations."

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 06:50

http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/6C041980-351C-45AD-A947-03000E4CAB22/0/typhoon.jpg

source MoD

 

13 Jun 11 UK MoD A Military Operations news article

 

Members of the UK Armed Forces saw further action in Libya yesterday as RAF aircraft conducted strikes against two of Colonel Gaddafi's ammunition depots.

 

While participating in NATO's Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR, Tornado and Typhoon ground attack aircraft conducted strikes against two depots at Waddan and Al Qaryat Ash Sharqiyah, destroying in total some nine underground storage bunkers.

 

Major General Nick Pope, the Chief of the Defence Staff's Strategic Communications Officer, said:

 

    "At sea, a NATO vessel conducting surveillance operations to enforce the maritime embargo detected high speed inflatable boats approaching Misurata; these craft have previously been used by Gaddafi's special forces in attempts to attack the harbour.

 

    "The British Army Apaches aboard HMS Ocean were duly alerted and intercepted the boats, destroying two with 30mm cannon fire. They then successfully engaged a ZSU-23-4 self-propelled anti-aircraft system on the coast near Zlitan, as well as a number of armed vehicles in and around regime checkpoints."

 

On Saturday, RAF aircraft destroyed four of Colonel Gaddafi's main battle tanks hidden in an orchard near Al Aziziyah, south west of Tripoli.

 

RAF Tornado and Typhoon jets also participated in further co-ordinated NATO strikes against key regime military installations in and around the capital, with the British aircraft attacking a major military base at Al Mayah on the western outskirts of the city; nine Paveway guided bombs were dropped.

 

These missions were conducted under NATO's Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR to protect Libyan civilians under threat of attack and enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973.

 

RAF VC-10 and TriStar tankers, and Sentinel, Sentry and Nimrod R1 surveillance aircraft, continue to provide vital and widespread support to UK and NATO operations over Libya.

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14 juin 2011 2 14 /06 /juin /2011 05:30

http://www.aufaitmaroc.com/pictures/0066/1605/382131_carme_chacon_13062011154656_medium.jpg?1307980878

 

La ministre espagnole de la Défense, Carme Chacon. /AFP

 

13/06/2011 aufaitmaroc.com

 

Les opérations militaires en Libye vont se poursuivre jusqu'à ce que le régime de Kadhafi "cesse d'être un danger" pour les citoyens de ce pays, a déclaré, lundi, la ministre espagnole de la Défense, Carme Chacon.

 

"Pour le moment, nous pensons qu'il est encore important de maintenir les pressions militaires et économiques (sur le régime libyen) parallèlement à l'intensification des efforts déployés sur les plans diplomatique et politique", a souligné Mme Chacon, qui intervenait à l'ouverture d'un séminaire, organisé à Barcelone par le ministère de la Défense, sous le thème "Forces Armées et transitions démocratiques en Méditerranée".

 

La ministre espagnole a justifié les opérations militaires de la coalition internationale en Libye par la nécessité de protéger les populations civiles des "atrocités" du régime libyen, affirmant que ces actions militaires sont en train d'"atteindre leurs objectifs".

 

Ces opérations ont permis notamment d'éviter plus d'attaques contre les civils et de mettre fin aux "harcèlements" des forces de Kadhafi contre certaines villes du pays, a précisé la responsable espagnole, estimant toutefois que l'action militaire, aussi indispensable soit-elle, ne permettra jamais de parvenir à une solution à cette question.

 

Elle a insisté à cet égard sur le rôle de la diplomatie pour trouver une solution définitive au problème libyen, soulignant que la participation de son pays aux opérations militaires dans ce pays témoigne de l'importance qu'accorde l'Espagne à la stabilité de cette région.

 

La paix et la prospérité de la rive sud de la Méditerranée sont essentielles pour la sécurité de l'Espagne et l'ensemble de l'Europe, a dit Mme Chacon, plaidant pour la mise en place de "cadres plus larges" de coopération entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée.

 

Elle a de même estimé qu'il est nécessaire de "réorienter" la politique de voisinage de l'UE, appelant à l'intensification du dialogue entre les pays membres du groupe 5+5.

 

La ministre espagnole a, par ailleurs, mis l'accent sur l'importance qu'accorde Madrid à la lutte contre le terrorisme dans la région du Sahel devenu un repaire de groupes terroristes, appelant l'UE à se doter d'une stratégie pour mettre fin à l'insécurité croissante dans cette zone

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11 juin 2011 6 11 /06 /juin /2011 19:14

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Libya_%281951%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_Libya_%281951%29.svg.png

 

10 Jun 2011 BY IMED LAMLOUM, DefenseNews AFP

 

TRIPOLI, Libya - Key powers have vowed to unlock a billion dollars for hard-pressed Libyan rebels in talks to map out a "post-Gadhafi Libya" as a fresh volley of NATO air strikes rocked the capital on June 10.

 

Mikhail Margelov, the special envoy of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, meanwhile said he was preparing to visit Tripoli to find a solution to the Libya conflict after meeting the opposition in their Benghazi stronghold.

 

Libya's former foreign minister, Abdurrahman Shalgam, said the rebel National Transitional Council needed at least $3 billion over the next four months to pay its expenses as it battles to oust Moammar Gadhafi.

 

In a boost to the opposition, the United States joined Australia and Spain in recognizing the NTC as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people, with pressure mounting on the veteran leader to step down.

 

"Gadhafi's days are numbered. We are working with our international partners through the UN to plan for the inevitable: a post-Gadhafi Libya," U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton told talks in Abu Dhabi on June 9.

 

"Time is on our side," the chief U.S. diplomat said, adding international military, economic and political pressure was mounting on the Libyan colonel to abandon his four decades in power at the helm of the north African nation.

 

Clinton was meeting counterparts from NATO and other countries participating in the air strikes against Gadhafi's forces for a third round of Libya talks.

 

The chief U.S. diplomat said later that "people close to Gadhafi" have been making continuous contacts with many different interlocutors about the "potential for a transition" to a new regime.

 

"There is not a clear way forward yet," she told a news conference, also referring to the NTC as "the legitimate interlocutor" of the Libyan people.

 

Clinton offered no direct U.S. financial contribution to the rebels, pledging instead another "$26.5 million to help all the victims of this conflict, including Libyan refugees."

 

Such money will likely be distributed through relief agencies.

 

But Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini said Rome would provide the rebel council with loans and fuel products worth 300 to 400 million euros ($438 million to $584 million). And his French counterpart, Alain Juppe, said Paris would release 290 million euros ($420.9 million) of frozen Libyan funds for the NTC.

 

In a sign of the continued pressure on the Gadhafi regime, a fresh wave of NATO air strikes hit the Libyan capital very early June 10, with three strong explosions shaking central Tripoli at around midnight. Other more distant explosions followed.

 

In the past two days, Tripoli has been targeted by the most intense NATO air raids since the international military campaign began on March 19.

 

The nominee to be the next U.S. defense secretary, Leon Panetta, said the sustained economic, diplomatic and military pressure would likely lead Gadhafi to step down.

 

"I think there are some signs that - if we continue the pressure, if we stick with it - that ultimately Gadhafi will step down," Panetta told U.S. lawmakers.

 

"Frankly, I think there are gains that have been made. We have seen the regime weakened significantly. We have seen the opposition make gains, both in the east and the west."

 

Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade urged Gadhafi to step down as he became the first head of state to visit the rebels' bastion of Benghazi in eastern Libya.

 

"I look at you in the eyes... the sooner you go, the better," Wade said.

 

A member of the NTC said on the sidelines of the Abu Dhabi meeting that an international fund aimed at helping Libya's rebels had "become operational" from Thursday.

 

A State Department official later told reporters "we have got commitments of something about $300 million that came out of today's meeting," including $180 million from Kuwait and $100 million from Qatar.

 

In Moscow, envoy Margelov called on Gadhafi to step down, saying the Libyan leader needs to take a "responsible, courageous decision about his future."

 

"I am now involved in preparations for a Tripoli trip," he told reporters after returning from his visit to rebel-held eastern Libya and Egypt.

 

Margelov said Medvedev had not ordered him to meet Gadhafi and instead planned to hold talks with the Libyan prime minister and foreign minister. He did not give any details on when the trip would take place but said the Russian side was waiting for NATO to arrange a transport corridor so that the visit could go ahead in full security.

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11 juin 2011 6 11 /06 /juin /2011 07:20

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-7.jpg/800px-SA-7.jpg

 

June 9, 2011: STRATEGY PAGE

 

Russian intelligence officials believe that ten Strela-2M (SA-7B) shoulder fired anti-aircraft missiles were stolen from Libyan military bases two months ago. The Russians have supplied serial numbers and warned counter-terrorism officials worldwide to be vigilant. The exact number of Strela 2Ms Russia sold to Libya has not been made public (estimates vary from hundreds to thousands). Nor is it known how many of these missiles Libya still had when the rebellion broke out earlier this year. Many Sa-7Bs were seized by the rebels, and some were used against Kadaffi's aircraft. But as early as April it was reported that some had been taken by criminals or Islamic radicals, and moved out of the country.

 

Many of these missiles, especially older ones, are no longer useable. Kaddafi has been buying and warehousing stuff like this since the 1970s (when the price of oil skyrocketed and all the oil countries suddenly had a lot more money to play with.) Any of these missiles that are more than 15 years old are most likely not operational. The batteries die after a few years, and after a decade the electronics are no longer reliable. After about fifteen years the rocket motor is no longer reliable, nor are the explosives in the warhead. At that point, the SA-7 is more dangerous to whoever is using it, than it is to any potential target. You can refurbish older missiles with new parts. But if you can get spares, you can get new missiles. In any event, the Russians are very careful about who they sell this stuff to.

 

The real danger is from newly manufactured SA-7s, or clones made by Iran, China, Pakistan and North Korea. These terrorists can get these on the black market, as well as directly from Iran. Not as capable as more modern designs (like the U.S. Stinger), there are still lots of SA-7s available with good batteries. Several were fired in Iraq in the last six years, although without bringing down anything. In Afghanistan, there are lots of small aircraft and helicopters flying around that are very vulnerable to an old-tech missile like the SA-7. During the 1980s, the Afghans got their hands on lots of SA-7s, fired over 500 of them, and brought down 47 aircraft and helicopters, and damaged 18 others. During the Vietnam war, 528 SA-7s were fired, bringing down 45 aircraft and helicopters, and damaging six others.

 

These missiles were originally intended for use against jet fighters operating low over the battlefield, but the reality turned out to be different. The most likely targets encountered were helicopters, or propeller driven transports. These aircraft proved to be just the sort of thing 9 kg (20 pound) missiles, with 1.1.4 kg (2-3) pound warheads, could destroy. Against jet fighters with powerful engines, the missiles caused some damage to the tailpipe, but usually failed to bring down the jet. This was first noted during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, where the Egyptians fired hundreds of SA-7s at Israeli A-4 light bombers. Most of the A-4s, with their 11,187 pounds of thrust engines, survived the encounter. Larger jets, like the F-4 and it's 17,000 pound thrust engines, were even more difficult to bring down. Smaller commercial jets, like the 737 or DC-9 (each using two 14,000 pounds of thrust engines) have proved vulnerable. But a 757 has much larger engines with 43,000 pounds of thrust, and the 747 is 63,000. Moreover, the rear end of jet engines are built to take a lot of punishment from all that hot exhaust spewing out. Put a bird into the front of the engine and you can do some real damage. But these older missiles home in on heat, and all of that is at the rear end of the engine. Since the 1970s, about 40 commercial aircraft have been brought down by SA-7s, killing over 500 people. Newer models of these missiles will go after any part of the aircraft it is closest to.

 

Russia no longer makes the SA-7, but does manufacture more modern versions, closer to the Stinger in capabilities. Many countries, with poor inventory control (like Egypt and Pakistan) still make versions of the SA-7. There are still tens of thousands of recently manufactured SA-7s out there, as well as many of the more modern versions (like the SA-18). These are the missiles you have to worry about. Many SA-7s have been found in Iraq and Afghanistan, and some SA-18s have shown up in Iraq.

 

Experience has shown that for every ten SA-7s fired, you are likely to bring down a smaller aircraft or helicopter. An SA-18 is about twice as effective. These missiles are designed to be used by untrained troops, and take some rough handling in the field. One thing that discourages their use, aside from the fact that most will not bring something down, is the fact that they do not have a long range (about four kilometers), and leave a distinctive smoke and flame trail that shows nearby troops or police where the missiles were fired from. These angles should not be underestimated, for they appear to be a major impediment to more widespread use of the missiles.

 

Most NATO helicopters and aircraft are equipped with missile detection and protection (lasers or flares) systems. Twenty-five year old Stingers, even if they were still in working order, would be no more effective than some of the more modern Russian type missiles on the black market.

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