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11 août 2014 1 11 /08 /août /2014 11:40
Ciel ouvert: des inspecteurs finlandais et norvégiens survoleront la Russie

 

MOSCOU, 11 août – RIA Novosti

 

Des inspecteurs finlandais et norvégiens survoleront la Russie du 11 au 15 août dans le cadre du Traité ciel ouvert, a annoncé lundi aux journalistes Sergueï Ryjkov, directeur du Centre national pour la diminution de la menace nucléaire.

 

"Dans le cadre de l'application du traité Ciel ouvert, une mission conjointe fino-norvégienne effectuera du 11 au 15 août un vol d'inspection au-dessus de la Russie à bord d'un An-30 roumain", a indiqué le responsable. 

 

Des spécialistes russes participeront au vol d'inspection pour contrôler le respect des paramètres du vol.

 

L'avion An-30 n'est pas conçu pour être équipé d'armements. L'appareil et ses équipements de photo aérienne ont été certifiés au niveau international, avec la participation de la Russie, ce qui garantit l'absence de moyens techniques interdits à son bord.

 

Signé le 24 mars 1992 à Helsinki, le Traité Ciel ouvert est appliqué depuis le 1er janvier 2002. Le document vise à accroître la transparence et la confiance entre les Etats signataires dans le domaine des activités militaires et du contrôle des armements. Il instaure un régime de libre survol des territoires des différents Etats parties au Traité.

 

Le traité a été signé par 34 Etats d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord, membres de l'Organisation pour la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (OSCE). La Russie y a adhéré le 26 mai 2001.

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25 juin 2014 3 25 /06 /juin /2014 16:50
Saber Strike 2014 - International Cooperation

 

25.06.2014 Puolustusvoimat – Försvarsmakten

 

Saber Strike 2014 is a U.S. Army Europe-led security cooperation exercise primarily focused on the three Baltic States.

 

Parts of a Finnish mechanized infantry batallion participated in the exercise in Latvia and Lithuania in july 2014.

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30 avril 2014 3 30 /04 /avril /2014 11:55
Simulateur de vol de l’hélicoptère NH90  - photo Sogitec Industries

Simulateur de vol de l’hélicoptère NH90 - photo Sogitec Industries

 

 

29 avril Aerobuzz.fr

 

Sogitec Industries a retenu la solution logicielle Genecopter de Genesis pour la restitution de l’environnement sonore des simulateurs NH90 des Forces françaises et finlandaises. Sogitec est maître d’œuvre du programme de développement et de production de 7 simulateurs de vol NH90 pour l’Armée de terre, la Marine nationale et l’Armée de terre finlandaise. Le premier simulateur, de type MRTD (Medium Range Training Device), est opérationnel au Centre de formation interarmées (CFIA) de l’Ecole de l’Aviation légère de l’Armée de Terre (EALAT) au Luc (Var).

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4 avril 2014 5 04 /04 /avril /2014 11:50
Les ministres nordiques de la Défense discutent de coopération et de sécurité

 

04-04-2014 French.china.org.cn

 

Les ministres de la Défense de cinq pays nordiques tiendront une réunion de deux jours le 8 avril à Tromso dans le nord de la Norvège pour discuter de la coopération et de la sécurité régionale.

 

Les ministres finlandais, danois, islandais, norvégien et suédois vont aborder la situation en Ukraine, le plan de cyber défense, le transport aérien tactique conjoint, le renforcement des capacités et le statut des divers projets de coopération nordique, a fait savoir jeudi un communiqué de presse diffusé par le ministère norvégien de la Défense.

 

Ils vont également échanger des informations et s'inspirer des expériences de coopération dans des opérations internationales en Afghanistan, en Syrie et au Mali.

 

"Les pays nordiques collaborent étroitement dans plusieurs domaines et nous vivons dans une époque où le dialogue constructif sur les sujets régionaux et mondiaux est très important", a indiqué le ministre norvégien de la Défense Ine Eriksen Soereide.

 

La Norvège assume la présidence tournante du forum de la coopération nordique de défense (NORDEFCO) en 2014.

 

Le NORDEFCO a été inauguré en 2009 pour renforcer la coopération nordique de défense.

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4 avril 2014 5 04 /04 /avril /2014 07:50
Finns May Turn to Russia for Tactical Missile System

Finland has lost interest in buying Lockheed Martin's MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) and may opt instead for the more affordable, Russian-built Iskander-E. (US Army)

 

Apr. 3, 2014 - By GERARD O’DWYER – Defense News

 

HELSINKI — The likelihood of Finland acquiring a new surface-to-surface missile system from Russia has increased following a preliminary decision by the Finance Ministry here to opt for a more up-to-date and cost-efficient launcher-fired tactical missile.

 

The ministry’s decision happens against a backdrop where the government has announced more than $3 billion in public spending cuts across various departments as the government struggles to tame rising national debt.

 

The search for a “more cost-efficient” tactical missile means that Finland has effectively dropped its interest in Lockheed Martin’s surface-to-surface MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) for the Finnish Army.

 

Finland’s Ministry of Defense had signaled interest in acquiring the ATACMS as recently as January, setting aside a budget of about $140 million for the purpose. The ATACMS has a range of up to 188 miles (300 kilometers).

 

“The missile project has been put on hold due to budgetary reasons, and due to the high unit price,” said Arto Koski, a commercial adviser attached to the MoD’s Material and Projects Unit. “The ATACMS is a very expensive and relatively old system. We must now evaluate our entire material development.”

 

The focus has shifted, Koski said, to acquiring a surface-to-surface missile solution that is “more modern and affordable. We know of alternatives that would fulfill the same technological need.”

 

Finland’s interest in ATACMS peaked in mid-2012, when negotiations with the US culminated in a congressional permit to purchase up to 70 tactical missiles. Finland had earlier agreed to acquire US joint air-to-surface stand-off missiles for the Finnish Air Force’s upgraded F-18 Hornet fighter jets.

 

The prospect of an ATACMS deal heightened in 2006, when the Finnish Army acquired a second-hand M270 multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) from the Netherlands for $62 million. A further $50 million was spent to render the MLRS launchers compatible with ATACMS missiles. Because the M270 launchers contain US technology, Finland sought and received US congressional approval for the acquisition.

 

he possibility that Finland, a neutral country, may turn to Russia for a surface-to-surface missile has increased following an agreement between the two countries last June to look at practical ways to cooperate on weapon purchases, sales and, in the case of Finland, offering subcontracting capacity to Russia’s equipment modernization programs.

 

The agreement was reached following talks between Finland’s MoD and Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu during a visit here last May. In the months that followed, separate working groups were established in each country to examine potential areas for commercial cooperation and to evaluate those areas offering the highest potential.

 

An updated export version of the Iskander-E surface-to-surface missile is among the list of weapon systems, which includes combat aircraft, that Russia wants to sell to Finland. The Iskander-E has a range comparable to ATACMS, but Finland could expect to acquire the Russian system at a lower cost.

 

Finland traditionally obtained most of its big-ticket defense systems from the Soviet Union under a bilateral trade agreement that lapsed following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Systems acquired under this arrangement included MiG-21 fighter jets, Mi-8 helicopters and the BUK air-to-air missile system.

 

The near-obsolete BUK system is to be replaced by four batteries of the Norwegian-developed NASAMS II missile system beginning in 2015

 

After 1991, Finland switched to Western suppliers for its big-ticket procurements, acquiring 64 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18C and D Hornet fighters in 1992

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26 mars 2014 3 26 /03 /mars /2014 08:50
Rauma-class missile boat photo Tomisti

Rauma-class missile boat photo Tomisti

 

21/03/2014 by Paul Fiddian - Armed Forces International's Lead Reporter

 

Enhanced Rauma-class missile boats have been delivered to the Finnish Navy, equipped with upgraded control and command systems, new weapons and more.

 

Delivered by their manufacturer, Patria, the four fast attack craft have all been modernised through a 2010 contract costing an estimated $97.4m to implement and execute.

 

Patria spearheaded the Finnish missile boats upgrade programme which also involved subcontractors Saab AB, Kongsberg Maritime AS, Western Shipyard Oy, Valmarine Oy and others. These Rauma-class ships first entered service in the early 1990s. As a result of the modifications, their service life has now been extended well into the 2020s, according to Patria.

 

Upgraded Finnish Missile Boats

 

Key upgraded Finnish missile boat features include Saab's 9LV25 system, a MASS decoy system - this in place of the Mistral SAM missiles previously used - and renewed sonar and ASW technologies.

 

Named the Rauma, Raahe, Naantali and Porvoo, each of these missile boats is 48.5 metres long, displaces 240 tonnes of water and carries 19 Finnish Naval personnel. Powered by twin Riva Calzoni IRC 115 waterjets, they have a maximum speed of 39 miles per hour and, in Finnish Naval service, superseded the Helsinki-class missile boats.

 

Rauma-Class: Finnish Navy

 

Besides these Rauma-class missile boats, the Finnish Navy's inventory also includes Hamina-class attack craft plus Kuha- and Kiiski-class minesweepers.

 

The Finnish Navy was originally established in 1918. Post-WW2, 1947's Paris peace talks limited the Finnish Navy's permitted size and strength but while these restrictions no longer exist, the naval power remains at about the same level nonetheless.

 

"The Rauma-class Fast Attack Craft life-cycle upgrade project succeeded according to plan", commented Patria Systems' Pasi Niinikoski. "Special thanks are due to the project team, partners and the customer for their smooth and flexible cooperation. The project was challenging because it involved many different system upgrades. Its successful completion is excellent proof of Patria's ability to manage and implement large-scale system integration projects."

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20 mars 2014 4 20 /03 /mars /2014 13:20
photo Ruag Aviation

photo Ruag Aviation

 

17 Mar 2014 By: Craig Hoyle - FG

 

London- Operators of Boeing’s legacy F/A-18 could benefit from a collaboration agreement between two European firms currently responsible for providing national support for the type.

 

Signed by Finland’s Patria ­Aviation and Switzerland’s Ruag Aviation, the pact will “study the impacts of the worldwide F/A-18 ‘sundown’ programmes”, the companies say.

 

Combined, their home air ­forces operate 94 of the aircraft – approximately 25% of the global fleet of A- to D-model Hornets, excluding US Navy and Marine Corps examples – and plan to keep them operational until 2030 to 2035.

 

“It’s definitely the right point in time to bring the industries together,” says Daniel Brunner, Ruag Aviation’s general manager for jets and missiles.

 

“This agreement allows Patria and Ruag to start working on similar issues. Instead of each nation trying to solve a problem individually, we can co-operate and share,” he says.

 

Reaching the signature phase took around two years, following a suggestion by the nations’ ­defence ministries.

 

“The co-operation between ­Patria and Ruag casts a strong foundation to secure the sustainment of the ageing F/A-18 fleets, and will utilise both companies’ resources to the maximum ­benefit of our customers,” says Lassi Matikainen, president of Patria Aviation.

 

Practical near-term examples include the exchange of personnel, which Brunner says will enable the companies to respond to periods of over- or under-capacity, and sharing lessons learned through their provision of technical and logistics support. “We have identified a number of opportunities,” he adds.

 

The non-exclusive agreement also defines the parties’ roles and responsibilities with regard to pursuing additional business ­opportunities.

 

“It would be easy to co-operate with other air forces,” says Brunner, who notes that the initiative is being advanced following intensive discussions between the partners and Boeing. “We need to, and we want to, work with the OEM [original equipment manufacturer],” he stresses.

 

Flightglobal’s MiliCAS database records 381 A- to D-model F-18s as being in operation with the air forces of Australia, Canada, Finland, Kuwait, Malaysia, Spain and Switzerland. This total includes 61 F-18C/Ds flown by the Finnish air force and 32 of the same mark operated by its Swiss counterpart.

 

“All could benefit” from the currently bilateral effort to reduce through-life support costs on the type, says Brunner.

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13 mars 2014 4 13 /03 /mars /2014 12:50
Russie: le renseignement naval se déploie à 50 km de la Finlande

 

 

MOSCOU, 13 mars - RIA Novosti

 

Le régiment de guerre électronique de la flotte du Nord se déploie dans le village d'Alakourtti, dans la région de Mourmansk – soit à 50 km de la frontière finlandaise et 90 km de la mer Blanche, selon une source proche du commandement de la marine russe. Ce déploiement est plus lié à la conquête de l'Arctique par la Russie qu'avec une prévention des risques émanant de l'Occident, écrit jeudi le quotidien Izvestia.

 

La semaine dernière, la presse russe et finlandaise annonçait que deux garnisons seraient rétablies à Alakourtti, soit 3 000 militaires. La nature des unités n'a pas été officiellement annoncée mais une source proche du commandement de la marine explique qu'il s'agirait du retour d'un régiment de guerre électronique dans la région.

 

"Un détachement de guerre électronique de la marine s'y trouvait auparavant – chaque flotte, y compris de la mer Caspienne, en possède. Il avait ensuite été déplacé dans la région de Moscou. De nouveaux moyens techniques sont apparus aujourd'hui et le processus s'est inversé", explique la source.

 

Les militaires avaient quitté le village en 2009 et les sites d'infrastructure comme les bâtiments résidentiels avaient fermé leurs portes. A l'heure actuelle, un seul détachement de garde-frontières reste stationné à Alakourtti pour travailler au point de contrôle Salla. Selon la source, des équipements d'interception uniques devaient être conservés dans la garnison.

 

Alakourtti se trouve à 90 km de la mer Blanche et à 300 km de l'océan Arctique. Cependant, comme le soulignent les experts, les équipements radioélectroniques modernes détectent des stations situées à plusieurs milliers de kilomètres.

 

Le vice-amiral à la retraite Vladimir Zakharov a souligné que la marine devait faire de l'interception – par exemple, pour localiser les avions militaires étrangers. Sachant que ces unités peuvent être déployées loin des bases navales.

 

"Elles sont déployées à un endroit pratique pour travailler – cela signifie que les échanges radio passent bien à cet endroit. Chaque armée dispose d'une unité de renseignement, y compris la marine", a déclaré Vladimir Zakharov.

 

L'expert a également noté que les données interceptées étaient transmises aux QG de chaque armée, mais aussi aux structures centrales du ministère de la Défense.

 

"Les unités de guerre électronique de la marine interceptent les signaux, les décryptent et les utilisent. L'armée de l'air, l'armée de terre et la marine échangent des informations mais au final toutes les données sont traitées à Moscou par une unité spéciale chargée de l'analyse", explique Vladimir Zakharov.

 

Le président de l'Institut russe des évaluations stratégiques Alexandre Konovalov justifie le déploiement du renseignement de guerre électronique dans la région de Mourmansk par le contrôle des mouvements d'unités étrangères au nord et en Arctique.

 

"L'armée se régénère actuellement à travers l'Arctique. L'appartenance nationale de la Route maritime du nord et la navigation autour du Canada ne sont pas définies, selon certains pays. Le régiment de guerre électronique est indispensable dans cette région pour surveiller l'Otan et d'autres pays. Cela n'a rien à voir avec la défense antimissile. Il s'agit plutôt d'une protection renforcée de la flotte Arctique. Mourmansk et Severodvinsk sont stratégiquement importantes pour la Russie", a déclaré Alexandre Konovalov.

 

Le ministère russe de la Défense n'a fait aucun commentaire sur le retour des militaires à Alakourtti.

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10 mars 2014 1 10 /03 /mars /2014 19:50
Finland orders training simulators from Saab

 

 

LINKOPING, Sweden, March 10 (UPI)

 

The Finnish Defense Force has ordered training and simulation systems from Saab Training & Simulation of Sweden under a contract worth nearly $56.5 million.

 

Saab said the contract covers regimental training and includes anti-tank simulators, vehicles simulators and systems for military operations in urban terrain. The contract also covers a midlife upgrade of the Finish combat training center and its systems.

 

Systems support from Saab for seven years is also part of the deal, Saab said.

 

"The Finnish Defense Force has once again chosen Saab as its partner," said Henrik Hojer, Saab's vice president of Training & Simulation. "The Finnish Army has used Saab's systems for more than 10 years and has always been a competent user.

 

"This order strengthens our position as one of the world's leading suppliers of combat training centers."

 

Additional details on the systems to be supplied and delivery schedules for them were not disclosed.

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14 février 2014 5 14 /02 /février /2014 08:50
La Finlande modernise sa cavalerie blindée

 

13 février 2014 par Michael Delaunay – 45enord.ca

 

Le 17 janvier 2014, le ministre finlandais de la Défense, Carl Haglund, a donné son accord à l’achat de 100 chars Leopard 2A6 d’occasions auprès des Pays-Bas, après une période de négociations débuté en décembre 2013. La facture totale s’élève à
200 millions d’euros, soit 274 millions de dollars US. Cet achat devrait permettre à l’arme blindée finlandaise d’être opérationnelle au moins jusque dans les années 2030.

Les livraisons seront étalées sur quatre ans, de 2015 à 2019 et le contrat inclut la fourniture des munitions et des pièces de rechange pour une période de 10 ans.

Le contrat inclut également une formation des personnels ainsi que la livraison des équipements logistiques, des simulateurs, des outils spéciaux ainsi que des équipements d’essais.

La version 2A6 du char allemand offre une meilleure protection ainsi qu’une puissance de feu et un système de tir améliorés comparativement au modèle précédent, le 2A4, qui équipe la cavalerie finlandaise à hauteur de 139 exemplaires et qui sera progressivement remplacé.

Les Leopard 2A4 ont été achetés d’occasions en 2002 à l’Allemagne. Une fois leur potentiel opérationnel complètement épuisé, ces derniers serviront de réserve de pièces détachées et de véhicules d’entrainement. Avant l’acquisition des Leopard 2A4, la cavalerie finlandaise était équipé de 160 T-72M1, achetés à l’Union soviétique dans les années 1980, ainsi que d’un certain nombre de T-55 soviétiques.

Par ailleurs, 80 des 100 chars seront livrés en configuration de stockage puisqu’il s’agit de chars mis sous cocon par l’armée hollandaise en 2011.

Les “Leopard” de l’armée hollandaise

L’armée hollandaise a mis en service près de 450 chars Leopard 2 depuis le début des années 1980. Une grosse partie a ensuite été vendue à l’Autriche, au Portugal à la Norvège et au Canada.

C’est en 2011 que la totalité des chars Loepard 2 restants ont été mis sous cocons afin de réaliser des économies sur le budget de la défense afin de réduire le déficit public.

Ce sont donc 188 chars Leopard qui ont été mis en vente. Des négociations ont eu lieu avec l’Indonésie et le Pérou, mais pour des raisons de respects de droit l’homme, entre autres, ces négociations n’ont pas abouti.

Les coupures dans le budget de défense finlandais

Dans un contexte de coupes budgétaires généralisées dans la plus grande partie des pays occidentaux, les autorités finlandaises ont fait le choix d’acheter d’occasion des chars d’un standard plus élevé que leurs Leopard 2A4. Un Leopard 2A6 neuf vaut 10 millions d’euros, la mise au standard 2A6 des 2A4 est évaluée à 5 millions d’euros par blindé, alors que ce contrat permet au ministère de la Défense finlandais d’acheter 100 chars à 2 millions d’euros l’unité. Il est à noter que ces derniers ont été rétrofités au standard 2A6 par l’armée hollandaise dans le milieu des années 2000.

Les effets de la crise financière de 2008 se font ressentir de plus en plus durement en Europe et les budgets militaires ne cessent de baisser ainsi que le volume des forces armées. L’armée finlandaise n’y échappe pas et risque de se retrouver dans une position très délicate si son budget continue d’être coupé.

Le ministre de la défense finlandais, Carl Haglund, a même déclaré que “Si les niveaux du budget de la défense restent en l’état, dans les années 2020, les forces armées ne seraient plus en mesure de défendre toute la Finlande”

Ce qui a été également relevé par un rapport parlementaire en date de décembre 2012, intitulé Security And Defense Policy, qui concluait que si les dépenses militaires n’étaient pas augmentées après 2016 la capacité de l’armée finlandaise à protéger tout le territoire national serait altérée. Actuellement, le budget de la défense finlandais s’élève à 2,8 milliards d’euros (3,82 milliards de dollars US), soit à peine 1,5% du PIB (GDP), un des taux les plus bas de l’Union européenne.

Carl Haglund a ajouté, que pour maintenir les capacités de défense des armées finlandaises, il faudrait injecter 50 millions d’euros (soit 68,5 millions de dollars US) en 2016, puis 150 millions d’euros par an d’ici à 2020.

 

La coopération des pays nordiques en matière de défense

Pour plusieurs raisons et notamment du fait de leurs liens historiques, les pays nordiques ont noué de nombreux partenariats de défense. Ce qui se traduit souvent, mais pas systématiquement, par des achats d’équipements similaires, comme pour le char Leopard qui équipe les armées finlandaise, norvégienne et suédoise. Cela peut également se traduire par des achats d’équipements neufs ou d’occasions entre pays nordiques, comme en décembre 2013, lorsque la Norvège a acquis auprès du Danemark plusieurs lances roquettes multiples M270 (MLRS) pour sept millions de dollars. Ou encore, une coopération dans le domaine de la surveillance aérienne entre la Finlande, la Norvège et la Suède, et la liste ne s’arrête pas là.

Les liens historiques mais aussi et surtout la baisse des budgets militaire, ainsi que l’augmentation exponentielle des prix des équipements militaires modernes, poussent les pays nordiques à accentuer leur coopération militaire par la mutualisation des coûts d’entretien ou de formation par exemple. En 2010, lors d’une rencontre des ministres des affaires étrangères nordiques, dans le cadre du conseil Nordique, le ministre norvégien Jonas Gahr Store a déclaré que “Dans dix ou quinze ans, il est vraisemblable que nos pays n’auront plus de systèmes de défense distincts : c’est trop cher et ce n’est pas avisé”. En juin 2008, les chefs d’Etats-major finlandais, norvégiens et suédois ont publié un rapport mettant l’accent sur le besoin de mutualiser leurs dépenses afin d’en améliorer le rendement; et enfin en février 2009 le « Rapport Stoltenberg» a enfoncé le clou en rappelant la nécessité d’une coopération militaire nordique.

Pour éviter un déclassement et la perte de la capacité à défendre leurs pays, les nations nordiques multiplient les synergies au niveau militaire. Eero Heinäluoma, le porte-parole de l’Eduskunta (assemblée nationale finlandaise) a déclaré que quand la question du remplacement de la soixantaine d’avions F/A-18 Super Hornet va se poser après 2020, il faudrait penser à un partenariat avec la Suède pour obtenir le meilleur rapport coûts/efficacité possible avec le nouveau chasseur suédois Grippen. Cela permettrait de partager les coûts de la maintenance et de la formation entre les deux pays qui pourraient être rejoint par le Danemark.

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13 décembre 2013 5 13 /12 /décembre /2013 12:50
Claude-France Arnould Attends Meeting of Nordic Defence Ministers

Helsinki - 12 December, 2013 EU Defence Agency

 

Claude-France Arnould was invited by Mr Carl Haglund, the Minister of Defence of Finland, to Helsinki on 3-4 December to attend meetings of Defence Ministers of the Nordic and Baltic States and the Northern Group.

Mme Arnould discussed with the Ministers the  development of European defence capabilities and the reinforcement of linkages with regional cooperation. Discussions addressed the mutual benefit of joint efforts in the regional and European frameworks, including through economies of scale, improved interoperability, and synergies with wider European policies.

 

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27 septembre 2013 5 27 /09 /septembre /2013 07:50
Naval Challenges in the Arctic
Brussels | Sep 26, 2013
 

The European Defence Agency, together with the Permanent Representation of Finland to the European Union today hosted a conference on the "Naval Challenges in the Arctic Region" highlighting the conclusions of a long term analysis conducted by the Wise Pen Team International.

 

Pilvi-Sisko Vierros-Villeneuve, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Finland to the European Union, opened the event by underlining the growing importance of the region due to changing circumstances. In her speech, she highlighted that diminishing ice would lead to more activity in the Artic. New resources and logistic opportunities were of interest; a European Union Maritime Security Strategy, currently in preparation, would be a key opportunity to address the EU’s support to the Arctic area.

 

Claude-France Arnould, Chief Executive of the European Defence Agency, recalled the growing importance of the Arctic for European security and economic interests, at the same time requiring  close attention to be paid to environmental protection. “The opening of the Sea Lines of Communication, the North West and North East passages for example, have required the naval community to focus more on navigational safety, the need for maritime surveillance and maritime security in the Arctic region. One of EDA’s key tasks is to anticipate capability requirements and cooperation opportunities on this basis in the Arctic area, where a truly comprehensive approach will be required.”

 

Vice Admirals Fernando Del Pozo, Anthony Dymock, Lutz Feldt, Patrick Herbrard and Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte of Wise Pen International presented their study on naval challenges in the Arctic region which concentrated on current strategies and practices; resources, challenges and capability needs; the EU and the Arctic, and gave some conclusions and recommendations. They argued that potential risks to maritime security could only be addressed collectively and internationally; they see the EU as being well placed in playing a key role. However, the group members also highlighted that raising the scientific knowledge baseline and generating a shared vision of how to harness the riches while preserving the environment was a prerequisite. Experts on the Arctic from Finland, Dr Juha-Matti Flinkman, and Sweden, Niklas Granholm, highlighted the need to develop cooperation in the Arctic area in a close cooperation between governmental authorities and scientific research, acknowledging the specific requirements of the delicate and evolving Arctic environment. 

 

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17 septembre 2013 2 17 /09 /septembre /2013 07:50
AWV (crédits Patria)

AWV (crédits Patria)

13.09.2013 par Guillaume Belan (FOB)

 

Hormis le Titus de Nexter, il y avait une autre nouveauté sur le segment des véhicules blindés durant le salon de Londres DSEI (Defence Security and Equipment International) qui ferme ses portes ce vendredi. Le finlandais Patria, fort du succès de son AMV (Armoured Modular Vehicle) vendu à près de 1 400 exemplaires, élargit sa gamme vers du plus lourd et présente l’AWV (Armoured Wheeled Vehicle), un blindé à roue 8X8,  qui est sur le point de subir les essais constructeur. D’un poids de 30 tonnes (dont 13 de charge utile) contre 20 tonnes pour l’AMV, l’AWV est propulsé par un moteur diesel de 450kW (100 km/h et autonomie de 1000 km), il peut accueillir 10 fantassins (plus 3 soldats d’équipage) grâce à une large rampe arrière. Le véhicule peut être équipé d’une tourelle téléopérée, à DSEI il est présenté avec une tourelle Saab Trackfire : 25 mm ATK, mitrailleuse 7,62 et un lance grenade. 

 

Entre l’AMV et le nouveau AWV, une très grande ressemblance (voir photos), comme  une vague impression que l’AMV a simplement pris de l’embonpoint, malgré l’assurance de Patria d’avoir complètement redéveloppé le véhicule. Le finlandais élargit donc sa gamme afin de rencontrer de nouveaux marchés, avec un véhicule qui se positionne clairement sur le segment des capacités du VBCI français.

AMV (crédits Patria)

AMV (crédits Patria)

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11 septembre 2013 3 11 /09 /septembre /2013 17:50
Patria future generation armoured wheeled vehicle concept launched at DSEI 2013

11.09.2013 Patria - army-guide.com

 

Patria’s new vehicle concept is built on the success of the market leader Patria AMV, but takes the overall performance of the modern 8x8 armoured wheeled vehicle platform to a new level fulfilling the customer needs of tomorrow.

 

Patria launched its top notch, armoured wheeled vehicle concept at DSEI 2013 exhibition in London. The new vehicle concept is built on experience and verified solutions based on the Patria AMV, which has been the unrivalled market leader of modern 8x8 AWVs for the last decade with nearly 1400 units contracted, selected by seven different nations and combat proven in real mission environment.

 

Unique features

 

Patria has decades of experience in armoured wheeled vehicles and the products are under continuous development and fitted with the latest technology. The new vehicle concept has many unique features e.g.

 

    Flexibility through modularity – It has a modular vehicle architecture allowing easy adaptation to various roles and providing built-in growth potential for future customer requirements.

 

    Payload efficiency – 13 ton payload at 30 ton gross vehicle weight provides the needed payload capacity without sacrificing the off-road mobility.

 

    Superior performance – Based on combat proven solution with upgraded power line and a new integrated terrain control system.

 

    Protected future – Modular, tailorable protection solutions match the threats and can also be easily upgraded in the future.

 

    Firepower to match – It is an ideal platform for weapon systems up to 120 mm including also Patria Nemo 120 mm - Ready for 21st century soldier – Electrical power output, connectivity and ergonomics are designed for the needs of future soldier systems.

 

By developing the new armoured vehicle concept Patria provides the best solutions to match the customer needs of tomorrow. The new vehicle concept at DSEI is the first concept vehicle and its extensive testing will be continued after the exhibition.

 

“The new vehicle concept with very high standards has been provided by us at Patria, a company with the proven track record and solid owners committed to take care of the life-cycle support of its products. The unique technology know-how is a very valuable asset for us in the future, and based on that we want to provide even better vehicles for our customers in future”, highlights Seppo Seppälä, President, Patria Land Systems and Land Services.

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10 septembre 2013 2 10 /09 /septembre /2013 07:50
Raytheon Stinger trainer demos accuracy in Finland VSHORADS field trials

Sep 9, 2013 ASDNews Source : Raytheon Corporation

 

Raytheon Company's (NYSE: RTN) Stinger demonstrated flawless performance in recent Very Short Range Air Defense System (SHORADS) field trials in Finland. During the trials, six Finnish gunners were trained on three missile system tracking trainers. Using the trainer, each Finnish gunner successfully simulated tracking and engaging targets flown by the Finnish Army Materiel Command, including an F/A-18, NH-90 helicopter and Banshee drone.

 

Stinger's lethal performance is unmatched by any other SHORAD missile and has been demonstrated and validated by its extensive test and combat record.

 

"The Stinger is best known for its Man-Portable Air-Defense System (MANPADS) variant, which gives the missile a surface-to-air capability, and these field trials prove that our competitors have yet to develop a MANPADS system that can truly outperform Stinger," said Mark Nicol, program director of Raytheon Missile Systems' Stinger program.

 

The Stinger missile has specifically demonstrated its ability to successfully engage rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles during numerous test flights and in combat.

 

"We have taken a system that has proven itself time and time again in critical combat situations, and have continually evolved the technology," Nicol said. "The result is a system that is proven and designed for today's warfighter in current and future conflicts."

 

Stinger offers a high explosive hit-to-kill, blast-fragmentation warhead. Stinger has nearly 300 combat kills and a success rate of over 92 percent in more than 1,500 live fire tests by U.S. and allied forces. Unlike other SHORAD missiles, Stinger is designed to engage a target with one shot. Stinger is a highly reliable system that requires no regular scheduled maintenance by the user.

 

"As our international allies look to deploy highly advanced defense postures with proven systems, Stinger will continue to remain a major player in the ground-based air defense arena," said Michelle Lohmeier, vice president of Raytheon Missile Systems' Land Combat product line.

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11 juillet 2013 4 11 /07 /juillet /2013 07:50
Finland to Sell Off Navy Flagship

July 9, 2013 Source: YLE Finnish Broadcasting Corp

 

Navy Commander: Minelayer for Sale

 

Finland is set to sell its flagship, the minelayer Pohjanmaa. Navy top brass say it may leave a gap in the Finnish fleet.

 

The navy’s commander-in-chief, Rear Admiral Veli-Jukka Pennala, confirmed the planned sale to Yle on Tuesday. The plan as it stands is to sell the ship, and if no buyer is found to place it in a museum.

 

The ship, which was constructed in 1978, will go out of service in 2015. Pennala is concerned that its absence might leave a gap in the military’s maritime capabilities.

 

“When you look at the Pohjanmaa, you would never believe that we’re giving it up,” said Pennala. “This is a well-maintained and it has a good crew. One could get a little wistful looking at it.”

 

The Pohjanmaa participated in anti-piracy operations off Somalia, intercepting and sinking one pirate launch. The vessel is currently in Kotka, where the navy is holding anniversary celebrations.

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14 juin 2013 5 14 /06 /juin /2013 07:50
Le chef d’État-major canadien Tom Lawson (2e à partir de la G) à la réunion des chefs de la Défense des pays nordiques les 11 et 12 juin au Groenland (Photo ministère danois de la Défense)

Le chef d’État-major canadien Tom Lawson (2e à partir de la G) à la réunion des chefs de la Défense des pays nordiques les 11 et 12 juin au Groenland (Photo ministère danois de la Défense)

NR 13.192 - le 13 juin 2013 forces.gc.ca

 

OTTAWA – Le Chef d’état-major de la Défense, le général Tom Lawson, a participé à une réunion de deux jours des chefs de la Défense des pays nordiques, organisée par le Chef de la Défense danois, le général Peter Bartram, à Ilulissat, au Groenland, les 11 et 12 juin. Cette deuxième rencontre annuelle des chefs de la Défense des pays nordiques a servi à élaborer les résultats de la réunion de 2012 qui a eu lieu à Goose Bay (T.-N.-L.), en renforçant les relations régionales en matière de défense et en favorisant le dialogue sur les questions nordiques d’intérêt commun.

 

« C’est avec plaisir que j’ai participé à cette rencontre organisée par nos amis danois. Cette série de réunions nous a aidés, mes homologues et moi, à continuer d’améliorer notre compréhension mutuelle de ces questions, et notre partage d’expériences et d’expertises liées à l’Arctique. J’ai également trouvé nos séances collectives et bilatérales très fructueuses, a déclaré le général Lawson. Bien que nous ayons chacun nos propres réalités nationales, nous partageons aussi de nombreux intérêts dans le Nord, comme, entre autres, la recherche et le sauvetage, la gérance de l’environnement, et l’appuie à nos autorités civiles respectives. Je crois que cette réunion a contribué à notre dialogue collectif et a amélioré la relation de défense entre le Canada et nos voisins du Nord. J’ai hâte à notre prochaine rencontre et à élaborer davantage cette précieuse initiative. »

 

Parmi les participants à la rencontre se trouvaient Son Altesse Royale le prince Joachim, le prince du Danemark, les chefs ainsi que les autres représentants de la Défense du Canada, du Danemark, des États-Unis, de la Finlande, de l’Islande, de la Norvège, de la Russie et de la Suède. L’initiative de cette année a également réuni les commandants des régions du Nord afin d’examiner les domaines de collaboration potentielle.

 

L’objectif principal de cette conférence de deux jours visait à permettre à toutes les parties d’élaborer leurs relations de défense existantes en leur offrant l’occasion d’entamer des discussions directes multilatérales et bilatérales axées sur les questions touchant les affaires du Nord. Les sujets discutés ont compris le partage des connaissances et de l’expertise relatives aux défis opérationnels régionaux, à la gestion responsable du Nord, et au rôle que peuvent jouer les militaires du Nord afin d’appuyer leurs autorités civiles respectives.

 

La toute première réunion des chefs de la Défense des pays nordiques a été lancée par le Chef d’état-major de la Défense du Canada en 2012 afin de créer un forum où les chefs et les autres hauts dirigeants de la Défense régionaux pouvaient discuter de questions de sécurité communes liées au Nord.

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14 juin 2013 5 14 /06 /juin /2013 07:50
Next Generation Small Arms Workshop a Success
Mikkeli | Jun 13, 2013 European Defence Agency
 

From 4 to 6 June 2013 the Finnish Army Command hosted the EDA Next Generation Small Arms Workshop in Mikkeli, Finland. Delegations from Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and Sweden participated in this kick-off event with experts on small arms, weapon concepts and firearms training. The event under the framework of the “Project Team Soldier Systems” was divided into two phases: during the first phase, the group was composed of government representatives only, while the second phase also involved industry. 

 

For one and a half days, participating Member States shared their experience with legacy small arms which have been in use for decades, addressed their shortfalls, and discussed possible options for the future, such as replacements or upgrades. Currently used small arms have suffered from heavy wear and tear due to intensive use in current operations which disclosed flaws and demonstrated opportunities for improvement. Stefan Nowak, a weapons consultant who supported the workshop as a co-moderator, explained “Recently developed small arms feature high modularity and adaptability in terms of easy mounting of mission-related components, the ability to convert to different calibres, improved ergonomics and weapons handling, high reliability and durability and lighter weight than most legacy rifles in European Armed Forces. However, in certain cases service life extensions and enhancements through upgrades are often smarter than a complete replacement.” Benjamin Fuchs, acting EDA Project Officer Engage and moderator of the workshop, stated “The rationale of this open information exchange was to broaden the mind of all individuals in terms of small arms, to question national practices, and to possibly harmonise requirements across European Armed Forces at an early stage.” Lieutenant Colonel Matti Honkela from the Finnish Army Command added “The lively discussions revealed that this approach was very welcomed by the experts.” The participants agreed that also small arms training is an equally important factor as are technical aspects and multi-national cooperation should be further promoted under the auspices of EDA. 

 

The workshop was both heavily supported by Finland and by the industry. Industry representatives used the opportunity not only to present their portfolios, but also to discuss with government experts the latest operational requirements and technical potential and feasibility in the small arms domain. This session also covered the ammunition sector and hearing protection. During the live fire demonstration on 6th June, participants were able to test and compare various assault rifles, sniper rifles, machine guns, personal defence weapons, pistols and shotguns on the firing range. 
The participants agreed that follow-up workshops on this important topic with a particular focus area should be conducted on an annual basis. 

 

More information:

  • Pictures of the workshop are available on Flickr.
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12 juin 2013 3 12 /06 /juin /2013 12:50
JASSM photo Lokheed Martin

JASSM photo Lokheed Martin

Jun 11, 2013 ASDNews Source : Lockheed Martin

 

Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] received a $34.2 million Foreign Military Sales contract from the U.S. Air Force to support additional integration of the Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM) onto the Finnish Air Force F-18C/D aircraft.

 

Finland is the second international customer for JASSM. This second contract for Finland includes test missiles, software development and engineering documentation. The first contract was awarded in 2012, which initiated the six-year integration, production and sustainment effort.

 

The program is a joint effort between the U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, Lockheed Martin and the Finnish Air Force. Airworthiness activities will occur at NAS Patuxent River, Md., followed by flight testing at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division in China Lake, Calif.

 

“JASSM’s capabilities and proven reliability will play an essential role in assisting the Republic of Finland to achieve their national defense objectives,” said Bob Adams, international program manager of long-range strike systems at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control. “We are on schedule to support the operational requirements of the Finnish Air Force’s F-18 mid-life upgrade effort.”

 

The contract award follows several recent JASSM program milestones, including successful completion of the Lot 6 Reliability Assessment Program and completion of the JASSM-ER initial operational test and evaluation program, which resulted in recommendation for full-rate production.

 

JASSM is an autonomous, air-to-ground, precision-guided standoff missile designed to meet the needs of U.S. and allied warfighters. Armed with a penetrator and blast fragmentation warhead, JASSM cruises autonomously, day or night in all weather conditions. The missile employs an infrared seeker and enhanced digital anti-jam Global Positioning System to find specific points on targets.

 

The stealthy JASSM is integrated on the U.S. Air Force’s B-1, B-2, B-52, F-16 and F-15E. Internationally, JASSM is certified on the F/A-18A/B for the Royal Australian Air Force. Future integration efforts will focus on U.S. and international versions of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II fighter aircraft and other international platforms.

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10 juin 2013 1 10 /06 /juin /2013 16:50
Finland Looks East Again

Jun. 10, 2013 - By GERARD O’DWYER – Defense News

 

Talks With Russia Could Revive Defense Trade, Cooperation

 

HELSINKI — Finland has opened a potentially significant dialogue with Russia with the goal of identifying avenues for industrial cooperation.

 

Apart from the potential for weapons purchases and sales, future cooperation could increase Finland’s involvement in providing subcontracting capacity to Russia’s military modernization programs.

 

The offer of closer industrial cooperation was made on May 29 during meetings here between Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Finnish officials headed by Defense Minister Carl Haglund.

 

Russia regards Finland as potentially a strong market for combat aircraft, missile systems and infantry systems, Shoigu said at a joint news conference with Haglund.

 

The Russian defense minister conceded that Russia’s ambitious military modernization programs, slated to run until 2020, are testing the ability of the country’s defense-industrial sector to deliver weapons and material under set deadlines.

 

“There are problems which we need to address and find solutions for. Part of the problem relates to our export successes and the need to fulfill export orders,” Shoigu said. “This has reduced our production capacity to deliver to domestic programs.”

 

The Finnish government is examining a broad range of measures to attract foreign investment to support a flagging export sector, weakened by a fall in global demand for Finnish products. It has reacted positively to the prospect of rekindling military trade with Russia.

 

“We will examine the potential for cooperation. We should have a much better idea of what direction this process will go in a year or so,” Haglund said. “The Finnish military needs to modernize and acquire new equipment, including for the Air Force, over the next 10 years.”

 

Broken Soviet Ties

 

Mig 21 MK Photo Jyrki LAUKKANEN

Mig 21 MK Photo Jyrki LAUKKANEN

Finland’s defense procurement and military-industrial trade with Russia failed to recover from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, said Finnish Defense Ministry spokesman Jyrki Iivonen.

 

Under that old relationship, Finland acquired many of its core weapon systems from Russia, including MiG-21 fighter jets, Mi-8 helicopters and BUK air-to-air missiles. After 1991, Finland switched to Western suppliers for its big-ticket procurements, such as the decision in 1992 to acquire 64 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18C and D Hornet fighters. McDonnell Douglas, based in St. Louis, merged with Boeing a few years later.

 

A formal process will be established by both countries to determine which military materials could be bought or sold, and what other areas of industrial cooperation might exist, Iivonen said.

 

“This will happen in the next year or so,” he added.

 

As a non-NATO country bordering Russia, Finland’s defense industry is constantly looking for opportunities to expand business there, said Tuija Karanko, secretary general of the Association of Finnish Defense and Aerospace Industries, which represents the country’s 100 biggest defense companies.

 

“For certain, there is potential for cooperation. What the possibilities are, we have not closely examined yet, but we plan to do so,” he said.

 

Russia’s defense program may be the biggest since the collapse of the Soviet Union, but the scale of the capital spending plans is proving too much for the country’s often inefficient and heavily politicized defense industry to handle, said Dmitry Gorenburg, a senior Russian analyst at the Alexandria, Va.-based CNA think tank.

 

“It is far from clear whether or not the Russian defense [industry] as a whole is capable of meeting the production targets set in the current National Re-Armament Program that needs to be achieved by 2020. There is enough capacity, but it is not always correctly utilized,” Gorenburg said at a May 28 seminar on the modernization of Russia’s defense industry, hosted here by the Finnish Institute for International Affairs.

 

According to Gorenburg, several key reasons exist to hamper the delivery of core military systems by deadline.

 

“One is that state funding does not always reach the private-sector companies that are best suited to produce weapons materials,” he said. “The state promotes its own companies. This hurts innovation, raises costs and lowers quality.

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7 juin 2013 5 07 /06 /juin /2013 16:50
Work on Cyber Ranges Initiated

Brussels | Jun 07, 2013 European Defence Agency

 

On 30 May, Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Finland, and the Netherlands signed a letter of intent to work towards the Pooling & Sharing of available and future resources for cyber defence training, exercise and testing. The project, called cyber ranges, aims at maintaining and improving cyber resilience as well as the levels of awareness, insight and expertise of personnel Member States. 
 
By signing the letter of intent, the Member States confirmed to participate and cooperate in the development of a Common Staff Target which will for example determine the functional requirements for cyber ranges. These requirements will have to be agreed by the EDA Steering Board at a later stage. The initiative on cyber ranges has also been recommended by the recently presented EDA cyber defence landscaping study as a viable opportunity with respect to the practical implementation of Pooling and Sharing.
 
Cyber ranges are multipurpose environments supporting three primary process: knowledge development, assurance and dissemination. Under the Pooling & Sharing initiative, cyber ranges may consist of three complementary functionality packages: Cyber Research Range, Cyber Simulation & Test Range as well as Cyber Training & Exercise Range. 

 

More information:

 

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7 juin 2013 5 07 /06 /juin /2013 16:50
Work on Cyber Ranges Initiated

Brussels | Jun 07, 2013 European Defence Agency

 

On 30 May, Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Finland, and the Netherlands signed a letter of intent to work towards the Pooling & Sharing of available and future resources for cyber defence training, exercise and testing. The project, called cyber ranges, aims at maintaining and improving cyber resilience as well as the levels of awareness, insight and expertise of personnel Member States. 
 
By signing the letter of intent, the Member States confirmed to participate and cooperate in the development of a Common Staff Target which will for example determine the functional requirements for cyber ranges. These requirements will have to be agreed by the EDA Steering Board at a later stage. The initiative on cyber ranges has also been recommended by the recently presented EDA cyber defence landscaping study as a viable opportunity with respect to the practical implementation of Pooling and Sharing.
 
Cyber ranges are multipurpose environments supporting three primary process: knowledge development, assurance and dissemination. Under the Pooling & Sharing initiative, cyber ranges may consist of three complementary functionality packages: Cyber Research Range, Cyber Simulation & Test Range as well as Cyber Training & Exercise Range. 

 

More information:

 

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6 juin 2013 4 06 /06 /juin /2013 07:50
Otan: l'adhésion de la Finlande et de la Suède serait négative pour la Russie (Medvedev)

KIRKENES (NORVEGE), 4 juin - RIA Novosti

 

Une éventuelle adhésion de la Suède et de la Finlande à l'Otan est une affaire intérieure à ces deux pays, cet élément ne serait toutefois pas positif pour la Russie, a déclaré mardi le premier ministre russe Dmitri Medvedev lors d'une conférence de presse.

 

"Nous ne considérons pas un rapprochement de l'Otan vers les frontières russes comme un facteur positif", a indiqué le chef du gouvernement russe, ajoutant que la décision d'adhérer à l'Alliance était une affaire relevant d'un pays.

 

M. Medvedev a rappelé que l'Otan était "une structure possédant un certain potentiel militaire qui, en cas de situation défavorable, peut être retourné contre la Russie".

 

"Nous ne pensons pas que l'adhésion de nouveaux pays à l'Otan est susceptible de créer une nouvelle situation visant à assurer la stabilité. Au contraire, tout nouveau membre de l'Alliance se trouvant près des frontières russes modifie en fin de compte l'équilibre des forces, nous obligeant à réagir", a déclaré le premier ministre russe interrogé par une journaliste finlandaise sur une modification du rapport des forces dans la région de la mer de Barents suite à une éventuelle adhésion de la Finlande et de la Suède à l'Otan.

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30 mai 2013 4 30 /05 /mai /2013 16:50
Finnish Orbiter UAS deliveries take off

28 May 2013 by  Arie Egozi – FG

 

Tel Aviv - Deliveries of the Orbiter 2 mini unmanned air system (UAS) to Finland are under way.

 

The Finnish defence ministry in 2012 selected the Aeronautics Defense Systems design to meet its operational needs. Its contract includes 52 systems, with each comprising four air vehicles and a ground control station.

 

The Orbiter 2 has a 3m (9.8ft) wingspan and a 1m long fuselage. With a 10kg (22lb) maximum take-off weight, it offers an endurance of 3.5h.

 

According to Dany Eshchar, Aeronautics' deputy chief executive for marketing and sales, 20 systems will be supplied by the end of the year.

Finnish Orbiter UAS deliveries take off

The firm also reveals that Finland is showing interest in the company's larger Orbiter 3, which has an endurance of 7-8h. It is equipped with a 3kg payload, but this will soon be replaced by a more advanced cooled electro-optical/infrared sensor that will produce better quality images.

 

Suitable for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance duties, the Orbiter 3 is launched from a catapult and recovered using a parachute and airbag.

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30 mai 2013 4 30 /05 /mai /2013 16:50
Mig 21 MK Photo Jyrki LAUKKANEN

Mig 21 MK Photo Jyrki LAUKKANEN

HELSINKI, May 29 (RIA Novosti)

 

Russia is ready to expand military contacts with Finland and to help the country modernize its armed forces, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said on Wednesday.

 

Shoigu is on a two-day visit to Finland hosted by his Finnish counterpart Carl Haglund.

 

“This is the first contact at the defense ministerial level. I hope we will expand contacts at the level of chiefs of staff and commanders of military districts,” Shoigu said at a joint news conference with Haglund in Helsinki.

 

Shoigu said Russia could provide assistance to Finland in the modernization of its army.

 

“Our military experts will hold a series of meetings on this issue in the near future,” he said.

 

The Finnish military needs modernizing, and will buy new equipment for its air force in the next 10 years, Haglund said.

 

During the Soviet era, Finland bought much of its military equipment from the USSR, including MiG-21 fighters, Mi-8 helicopters and air-to-air missiles. After the break-up of the Soviet Union it switched to western suppliers.

 

Finland is the only non-NATO EU country bordering Russia. The Finnish Defense Forces, like their Russian counterparts, are partly manned by conscripts.

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