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25 juin 2012 1 25 /06 /juin /2012 11:35

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Jun 25, 2012 ASDNews (AFP)

 

NATO said it would meet to discuss member state Turkey's accusation that Syria shot down one of its warplanes in international airspace and not inside its own territory, as Damascus claims.

 

NATO said it would hold an emergency meeting on Tuesday following a request from Turkey that invoked Article Four of the alliance's founding treaty, which covers threats to member states' security.

 

Turkey has already acknowledged that its fighter jet might at some point have entered Syrian airspace. But after an initially cautious response, Ankara toughened its rhetoric on Sunday.

 

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu told Turkey's TRT television that at the time it was shot down, their plane was in international airspace, 13 nautical miles from Syria.

 

Syria had given no warning before opening fire, he added.

 

The fighter had been on an unarmed training mission to carry out a radar system test, and both pilots are still missing.

 

"The Syrians knew full well that it was a Turkish military plane and the nature of its mission," said Davutoglu.

 

"Nobody should dare put Turkey's (military) capabilities to the test," he warned.

 

"We will bring this affair before public opinion and international law in the name of Turkey's honour."

 

Syria has acknowledged shooting down the F-4 phantom jet after it violated its airspace, but insists it only identified it as a Turkish fighter after the fact.

 

"What happened was an accident and not an assault as some like to say," Syrian foreign ministry spokesman Jihad Makdissi told the Al-Watan pro-government daily on Sunday.

 

But UN Security Council member Britain warned that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's regime "should not make the mistake of believing that it can act with impunity."

 

"It will be held to account for its behaviour," Foreign Secretary William Hague said.

 

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton condemned a "brazen and unacceptable act" and promised US assistance in investigating the incident.

 

"It is yet another reflection of the Syrian authorities' callous disregard for international norms, human life, and peace and security," Clinton said in a statement.

 

Italy, another NATO member, also condemned Syria over the incident and Foreign Minister Giulio Terzi said they would "actively participate" in the NATO meeting.

 

In his comments to Al-Watan Sunday, foreign ministry spokesman Makdissi tried to pour oil on the troubled waters.

 

"Syria was merely exercising its right and sovereign duty and defence," he said.

 

"There is no enmity between Syria and Turkey, but political tension (exists) between the two countries."

 

Turkish-Syrian relations have been strained by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan's outspoken condemnation of the Assad's regime's bloody crackdown, which activists say has killed more than 15,000 people since March 2011.

 

Already Saturday, UN chief Ban Ki-moon had expressed his "deep concern" about the incident, particularly about the "potential serious implications" for the region, spokesman Martin Nesirky said.

 

-- Mounting bloodshed --

 

The fighting inside Syria claimed scores more lives on Sunday.

 

The official SANA news agency reported that regime troops had killed "dozens of terrorists" after engaging them as they attacked people in the Jabaliye neighbourhood of Deir Ezzor.

 

The Syrian government uses the term "terrorists" to describe the rebels.

 

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said at least 91 people had been killed on Sunday in Syria, including 59 civilians.

 

The Observatory also reported that following an attack on an artillery battalion in Aleppo, a number of soldiers had defected, taking with them a large quantity of weapons.

 

And it said that rebels had shot down a Syrian regime helicopter near the Jordanian border.

 

"This is one of the bloodiest weeks in the conflict," Rami Abdel Rahman, head of the Observatory, said.

 

"It's like we are in a war. Sometimes when two countries are at war, not even 20 people are killed a day. But now in Syria it has become normal to have 100 killed each day."

 

Australia on Monday announced fresh sanctions against Syria, restricting or prohibiting trade across entire sectors.

 

"The Assad regime continues to show its unwillingness to negotiate a ceasefire and bring an end to Syria's bloodshed," Foreign Minister Bob Carr said in a statement.

 

In an opinion piece for The Australian newspaper, Carr called for Moscow to take a lead role in forcing Assad out.

 

But there were reports that Russia was to try again to send a Russian ship to make a controversial delivery of attack helicopters to Syria.

 

A first journey ended after exposure by the US authorities led the ship's British insurer to withdraw cover.

 

But an unnamed Russian diplomat said the ship, the Alaed, would soon try again to deliver the aircraft.

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25 juin 2012 1 25 /06 /juin /2012 09:20

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June 24, 2012 Tamir Eshel - defense-update.com

 

The Syrian news agency SANA confirmed yesterday (June 23, 2012) that on 11:40 AM on Friday (June 22, 2012) the Syrian air defense forces have downed an ‘unidentified target’ that violated Syrian airspace coming from the west (seaside) at a very low altitude and at high speed over Syrian territorial waters. After spotting the aircraft Syrian air defense artillery units opened fire, hitting the target about one kilometer from the coastline, causing it to crash into Syrian territorial waters about seven kilometers west of the Om al-Tuyour village in the Lattakia province. The two crewmen are still missing.

 

Apparently, the target headed west before crashing, hitting the water about ten kilometers from the coastline. The Syrian agency released a map showing the target’s route before the intercept. Syria has tried to play down the incident. Syrian foreign ministry spokesman Jihad Makdissi said the incident was “not an attack”. “There was no hostile act against Turkey whatsoever. It was just an act of defense for our sovereignty.” he said.

 

http://defense-update.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/sana-route.jpg

 

The Syrian news agency SANA published this map showing the tracks of the Turkish aircraft before it was shot down by its anti-aircraft artillery seven kilometers off the Lattakia coastline. Photo: SANA

 

According to the map released by the SANA agency, the Turkish aircraft, apparently an unarmed reconnaissance version of the Turkish Air Force F-4E, was circling at higher altitude in Turkish airspace north of the area, possibly using Long Range Oblique Photography (LOROP) payloads (similar to the system Turkey bought in Israel few years ago). LOROP provides high quality imagery form very long range (up to 100 km), when taken from high altitude. However, it is less suitable for fast, low-altitude tactical recce missions characteristic of the final dash the Phantom performed just before it was shot down. What drew the pilot to act this way? One possible explanation for the Turkish maneuver is an Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) gathering mission.

 

The Turks confirmed that two Phantom fighters (the type was not identified) have left the Erhac Air Base at around 09:30 local time, one of these planes disappeared from the radar screen about one and half hour later. Turkish authorities said the plane was flying in international airspace but crashed in Syrian waters near Lattakia. They admitted the plane had entered Syrian airspace but quickly left when warned by Turkey and was shot down in international airspace several minutes later.

 

Officially, Turkey said the planes were on a training mission but more likely they were on a reconnaissance mission, peeking along the Syrian Mediterranean coastline, where Syria is known to maintain a strong anti-aircraft, coastal defense and radar coverage. Based on the flight profile (if the Syrian description is correct) the Turks could have performed a ‘teasing’ game, in an attempt to stimulate the Syrian air defenses to activate their fire control radars, therefore give away critical data that could be used to optimize electronic countermeasures if NATO decides to involve in the situation and enforce a ‘no fly zone’ over Syria, similar to what the alliance did in Libya in 2011. Apparently, the Syrians weren’t tempted, and challenged the intruder with anti-aircraft fire rather than surface-to-air missiles. Under these circumstances, the downing of the Turkish jet could have been a miscalculated unlucky rather than lucky shot.

 

Indeed, Turkish foreign minister, Ahmet Davutoglu said the plane was “on a training flight to test Turkey’s radar capabilities and had no covert mission related to Syria”. Davutoglu, said Ankara would formally present the incident to its NATO allies to prepare a response under article four of the organization’s founding treaty. The article provides for states to “consult together whenever, in the opinion of any of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the parties is threatened”. It stops short of the explicit mention of possible armed responses cited in article five.

 

The Libyan and Syrian air defense systems are similar in terms of hardware – SA-5, 6, 3 and 2, linked through an advanced command and control network and backed by a dense radar surveillance network. For the low level air defense, Syria uses the SA-8, and more recently deployed the SA-22 Pantsir S1. Air defense artillery Syrian air defense is maintained at higher alert levels and better equipped with more modern equipment, including the new Pantsir (recently demonstrated on official video firing on a nearby coastal range), likely to be deployed in the western region. NATO is also concerned about the Russian intentions to beef up its garrison maintaining and protecting a small facility established recently at the port of Tartus, south of Lattakia. Currently the base is manned my about 100 sailors and marines, but the Russians were reportedly preparing two landing ships loaded with Marines at Sevastopol on high alert, to be sent to protect the base if required.

 

Having a stronger Russian footprint in Syria could further complicate plans for NATO, if a decision to act is taken.

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25 juin 2012 1 25 /06 /juin /2012 07:10

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juin 25, 2012 Nicolas Gros-Verheyde (BRUXELLES2, analyse)

 

Les Alliés de l’OTAN vont se réunir mardi sur la situation après la destruction en vol d’un des avions de chasse turcs par la Syrie (lire aussi : Un avion de chasse turc abattu près de la Syrie). Une réunion qui intervient après la demande de la Turquie en vertu de l’Article 4 du Traité de Washington qui prévoit des consultations « chaque fois que, de l’avis de l’une d’elles, l’intégrité territoriale, l’indépendance politique ou la sécurité de l’une des parties sera menacée ». Les « 28″ pourront alors prendre se prononcer sur plusieurs niveaux.

 

Réaction diplomatique…


Le premier objet de la réunion est d’ordre diplomatique. La convocation même du Conseil montre, en effet, un certain niveau de conscientisation des Alliés. le degré de publicité donné à la publicité du communiqué de fin de réunion donnera également l’ampleur que les Alliés entendent donner à cette alerte, en précisant avec quel degré « d’inquiétude », les alliés jaugent la situation sur place. Et dans quels termes, ils réprouvent l’attitude de la Syrie. Le mot « inacceptable » prononcé par Hillary Clinton, la secrétaire d’Etat américaine, pourrait se retrouver dans le communiqué final.

 

Certains pays, les plus engagés dans l’action contre le régime Assad (USA, France, Royaume-Uni) pourront être tentés de profiter de l’occasion pour condamner plus largement le régime syrien. Mais un consensus ne sera pas automatiquement facile à obtenir sur ce sujet. Sinon de condamner les violences. Des signes pourraient aussi être envoyés à l’opposition syrienne, au mouvement dans l’armée de désertion, voire aux autres pays arabes voisins qui fournissent actuellement une aide aux rebelles syriens.

 

Le troisième niveau de cette réaction sera le contenu – s’il y en a un – de la demande adressée à la Syrie : demande d’informations sur ce qui s’est passé réellement, voire de traduction en justice des auteurs, etc.

 

… et militaire


Le second objet de la décision est d’ordre militaire. On peut étudier, envisager, commencer la planification d’une mission d’assistance à la Turquie, soit avec des moyens de surveillance, de déploiement de défense anti-missiles, de rapprochement de navires de guerre par exemple, ou d’autres moyens d’assistance. Selon l’ampleur des moyens évoqués, la tonalité de la réunion pourra être différente. Et l’attitude de l’Alliance pourrait passer de l’orange « défensif » au rouge « menaçant ». Ce que ne souhaite pas automatiquement le pays demandeur, du moins pour l’instant. Il faudra également étudier les suites que les Alliés souhaitent donner à la réunion : commencement d’une planification, nouvelle réunion…

 

Un article déjà évoqué en 2003… par la Turquie


Cet article 4 du Traité de l’Alliance atlantique est rarement invoqué. Il l’avait déjà par la Turquie en 2003, après les menaces de l’Irak. Le 10 février 2003, la Turquie avait demandé la convocation d’une réunion de l’Alliance atlantique sous couvert de l’article 4 craignant une attaque de l’Irak. Des avions de surveillance Awacs, le déploiement de systèmes de défense anti-missiles de théâtre ainsi que de la protection nucléaire, biologique et chimique avaient été déployés.

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21 juin 2012 4 21 /06 /juin /2012 17:05

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June 21, 2012 defpro.com

 

On June 21-22 Chairman of the NATO Military Committee General Knud Bartels will be paying a formal visit to Lithuania by invitation of Chief of Defence of Lithuania Lt Gen Arvydas Pocius.

 

During the visit meetings of Gen K. Bartels with Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius, minister of National Defence Rasa Jukneviciene, Minister of Foreign Affairs Audronis Azubalis, Chief of Defence of Lithuania Lt Gen Arvydas Pocius, and representatives of the Committees on National Security and Defence and Foreign Affairs of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania.

 

At the meetings discussions over NATO defence plans, contribution to multinational operations, involvement of Lithuanian military in the organisation and execution of NATO exercises in the Baltic Region, relevant points of the Baltic Air Policing mission, and energy security issues are expected to be conducted.

 

Gen K. Bartels will be paying his first formal visit to Lithuania as the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee. Danish General assumed the position in January 2012 succeeding Italian Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola. Before the current posting Gen K.Bartels was the Chief of Defence of Denmark. In 2004 – 2006 Gen K. Bartels was the Commander of the Danish Division to which the Mechanised Infantry Brigade “Iron Wolf” of the Lithuanian Armed Forces is affiliated.

 

Lithuanian Chief of Defence Lt Gen Arvydas Pocius is also a member of the NATO Military Committee – the supreme NATO military institutions which renders consultations to the North Atlantic Council. The Military Committee includes 28 NATO Chiefs of Defence or Representatives of State. The Chairman of the Military Committee is elected on a four year basis.

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20 juin 2012 3 20 /06 /juin /2012 07:30

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June 19, 2012. David Pugliese Defence Watch

 

NATO’s intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance community kicked off a first-of-its-kind technical trial with Unified Vision. But Defence Watch has confirmed from DND today that Canada will not be taking part in the exercise.

 

For background, this is what the U.S Department of Defense issued on the exercise:

 

WASHINGTON — The NATO intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance community kicked off a first-of-its-kind technical trial today in Norway to help in preserving gains made during the past decade of conflict and to build on them for the future.

 

U.S. Air Force and Army representatives have joined their counterparts from 12 countries and seven NATO organizations for the 10-day Unified Vision 2012, Dennis Lynn, the Air Force lead and senior U.S. national representative at the trial, told American Forces Press Service.

 

Operating at Oerland Air Station, Norway, and at other locations in the United States and Europe, the 700 participants will be put through the paces during 27 dynamic, fast-moving vignettes, all based on real-world missions, he said.

 

As they marshal their full range of human and electronic –intelligence capabilities, they will determine how well they identify, track and analyze threat information, explained Richard Wittstruck, chairman of NATO’s joint ISR capability group and the senior Army official at the trial.

 

Forming a cohesive intelligence picture is a big part of the trial, but equally important will be how easily participants can share it. “The core of Unified Vision 12 is our ability to share sensor data among the allies,” Lynn said.

 

Historically, he added, that’s been a challenge because of the many different systems involved, the technical challenges of processing and cataloging such a vast amount of data, and the inherent tendency of operators to “stovepipe” information to protect it.

 

“So it’s a very difficult thing to do, but we are slowly evolving and slowly improving our ability to do that,” Lynn said. “We still do it imperfectly, but it is better than it was 10 years ago.”

 

A big goal of the trial is to identify gaps in information-gathering and dissemination and to help in charting the way ahead for future technological advancements or new tactics, techniques and procedures, Wittstruck said.

 

Toward that goal, the Norwegian military, which is hosting Unified Vision, has gone all-out to make it as realistic and valuable as possible, he said. The Norwegians will turn on real surface-to-air missile systems so participants can attempt to geo-locate them.

 

A Norwegian navy frigate will participate, collaborating with ground and air assets to identify and engage targets. “That’s something we haven’t practiced a lot,” Wittstruck said. “You talk air-to-ground and ground-to-ground, but in my history of doing this for over 25 years, it is rare to see an opportunity where you have a maritime asset cooperating with air and ground, looking at the same targets and trying to build that threat envelope.”

 

Norway also has authorized participants to turn on active GPS jammers for part of the exercise — something impossible to do in most parts of the world, where it would interfere with commercial and industrial operations. The players will have to identify where these jammers are and whether they need to be neutralized, while conducting their own intelligence efforts using backup systems not reliant on GPS signals.

 

To compensate for the one drawback of the Norwegian venue — 21 hours of daily sunlight that preclude night operations — an element based at Yuma Proving Ground, Ariz., will prosecute targets from what’s being billed during the trial as “Forward Operating Base Alpha.”

 

Just as in real–world operations, the participants will encounter some curve balls, Wittstruck said. In some scenarios, the human intelligence they receive may be flawed. They could encounter “enemy” aircraft or weapons systems on the ground that turn out to be decoys with the exact same target signatures — or real systems that have been concealed by camouflage nets.

 

As the participants navigate these challenges, they’ll help to ensure that standard agreements in place to promote data-sharing across NATO cover new systems coming online and actually work in an operational setting, Wittstruck said. They’ll work through obstacles to sharing data that crosses classification domains — from secret to unclassified or unclassified to secret — to help maximize what can be shared.

 

“The big question will be, Can we touch each other in terms of data exchange so we have a composite, if not fused, picture of the situation on the same target, in the same vignette because you have given me your aspect and I have given you my aspect?” Wittstruck said. “That should heighten everyone’s situational awareness.”

 

He cited the many good lessons operating in Iraq and Afghanistan over the past decade that have improved this capability. “So the question is, How do we capture the good lessons learned and institutionalize them so we don’t have to relearn them or rediscover them in the next NATO campaign?” he said.

 

NATO overcame many difficulties to stand up the Afghan Mission Network so coalition members could share intelligence data in Afghanistan, Wittstruck noted. That system, which reached full operational capability only last year, helped to bridge the intelligence gap created by numerous national intelligence networks with different levels of interoperability. It allows the United States and 45 partners in the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force to link up over a common mission network.

 

“We learned so much from that network, once it was up, about the true cooperation that can take place without having a whole bunch of liaison officers sitting around a table trying to exchange the data person-to-person because they didn’t have the digital means to have a common view of all the data,” Wittstruck said.

 

“The Afghan Mission Network was a great step forward,” he said. “But the lesson out of that was, Do we really want to create a mission network from scratch every time we go to a new NATO campaign? And the answer is obviously not.”

 

Lynn recognized NATO’s growing appreciation of the need for a common ISR platform. At the recent NATO Summit in Chicago, for example, the allies announced that they had contracted for a new, NATO-owned and -operated ground surveillance system. Based on Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with advanced ground-surveillance radars, the system will enable every NATO ally to access the data collected.

 

“That’s going to be a big help to NATO’s joint ISR system,” said Lynn, who acknowledged that the new system won’t be operational for at least a couple of years.

 

Wittstruck said the aggressive 12-month planning timeline NATO adopted for Unified Vision shows its commitment to moving this process forward. “This, by far, has been the most productive year of watching the nations and the NATO agencies come together — the leadership and workforce — to rally to this,” he said. “They really are committed to the cause of getting lessons learned codified and institutionalized for future use and identifying those gaps so that we can get after them with either material, technical or non-material investments.”

 

Planners recognize going into the trial that not everything they put to the test is going to go as planned. “A trial can be successful even if 80 percent of the things go wrong, because you are gaining knowledge,” Lynn said. “It’s like a scientific experiment. You know it works or it doesn’t work.”

 

“Part of the success of this trial may be the failure of aspects of it,” Wittstruck agreed. “If we set out to do something and can’t do it and we learn something from that, we can improve NATO’s effectiveness and efficiencies moving forward, which is a success in itself.”

 

Lynn said he’s optimistic about the outcome. “By working with the multitude of nations we have at this trial, we expect to make real progress,” he said. “I think we can make some far-reaching improvements as we move ahead on this.”

 

It’s an effort he called vital to future NATO operations. “ISR is absolutely critical to fighting the modern war. You need it,” Lynn said. “So this trial will help us improve that timeliness and the availability of that data by putting it in a standard way so everyone will be able to get access to the information in some kind of central repository and be able to disseminate it in a timely way.

 

“The idea is you can’t wait until the next war starts,” he continued. “You need to be focused on this and continually advancing it, because this work is absolutely foundational to everything we as a coalition do.”

 

Wittstruck said the efforts will strengthen NATO’s ability to operate as a joint ISR community. “And if we can do that, that is a big win for NATO,” he said.

 

But the biggest winners, Lynn said, ultimately will be the warfighters who will use and benefit from these systems. “Too many times, somebody may have had a piece of information that would have helped another unit or another aircraft, say, out of harm’s way,” he said, “because at the end of the day, the ability to share information is about saving lives.”

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17 juin 2012 7 17 /06 /juin /2012 17:10

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Jun. 12, 2012 - By UMIT ENGINSOY and BURAK EGE BEKDIL   Defense news

 

ANKARA — Turkish Defense Minister Ismet Yilmaz has rejected the notion that Israel be given access to data designed to protect alliance members against ballistic missile threats from a rogue nation.

 

“Any data or information produced by this system will only be available to the alliance, as in the case for other alliance systems,” Yilmaz said in an email message to Defense News on June 12. “Information-sharing with non-NATO actors is subject to specific arrangements and it is possible only if the allies consensually agree on it.”

 

NATO agreed in a summit meeting in Lisbon two years ago to devise a missile defense system to protect alliance members from a rogue nation in the area. As part of the system, Turkey agreed to allow the U.S. military to install a special X-band radar at a base in Kurecik in southeastern Turkey.

 

Although there has been some discussion of sharing the radar’s data with Israel, the Turkish government likely would object if the alliance sought to do so. Former allies Israel and Turkey have become foes as a result of Turkey’s objections to Israel’s treatment of Palestinians.

 

Yilmaz also said his ultimate objective as defense minister would be the development of Turkey’s national defense industry.

 

“The Ministry of National Defense will continue its modernization program ... and will support the national defense industry by following the scientific developments in the world,” he said.

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7 juin 2012 4 07 /06 /juin /2012 11:42

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06/06/2012 DCNS

 

DCNS participera à l’exercice OTAN CWIX 2012 qui se déroulera en Pologne à Bydgoszcz

 

CWIX, qui signifie Coalition Warrior Interoperability eXercise, eXamination, eXperimentation – eXploration, est un exercice mettant en jeu des systèmes d’information opérationnels apportés par les nations de l’OTAN.

 

Cet exercice est destiné à démontrer au travers de scénarios le savoir-faire technico-opérationnel et à confronter les équipements ou systèmes à la réalité afin d’en évaluer le niveau d’interopérabilité, c’est à dire la capacité qu’ont les différents systèmes à pouvoir se comprendre et communiquer entre eux sur un même théâtre d’opérations.

 

C’est aussi l’occasion pour les agences étatiques ou pour les industriels de démontrer leur savoir-faire technique en venant avec des prototypes ou des démonstrateurs. Environ 150 systèmes d’information et 800 personnes sont attendus à cet évènement annuel.

 

DCNS a déjà participé dans le passé à ce type d’exercice, comme par exemple en 2004 avec un prototype de Système d’Information et de Commandement Export. Cette fois-ci, et alors que l’OTAN a le projet de renouveler en 2013 les services fonctionnels du domaine maritime et de se doter de services de surveillance maritime performants, DCNS vient exposer et démontrer ses compétences en matière de surveillance maritime avec son système MATRICS qui sera installé dans la salle réservée à la composante maritime de CWIX 2012.

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6 juin 2012 3 06 /06 /juin /2012 12:30
BALTOPS 2012 multinational naval exercise begins

6 June 2012naval-technology.com

 

Maritime forces from 12 countries have started the 40th annual multinational naval exercise, Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2012, in the Baltic Sea, aimed at maintaining peace and security in the region.

 

The multinational maritime exercise is also intended to enhance mutual understanding and to improve participating navies' interoperability to jointly combat regional and transnational threats.

 

As part of the exercise, some 30 aircraft and 1,500 sailors and marines, as well as 27 ships from the participating nations are scheduled to conduct operations, which include mine clearance, anti-submarine warfare, surface-to-air defence, counter-piracy, small-boat attacks and other maritime security tasks.

 

US 6th Fleet and NATO Striking and Support Forces commander vice admiral Frank Pandolfe said that the common goal of BALTOPS was to enhance Baltic Sea security through increased interoperability and collaboration among allied nations.

 

"As in past years, our sailors and marines will be working side-by-side with their colleagues from partner nations, both on land and at sea, becoming familiar with each other's military operating procedures and practices," Pandolfe added.

 

Expeditionary Strike Group 2 commander rear admiral Ann Phillips added that BALTOPS provided an opportunity for the forces to train jointly in a challenging environment to quickly and effectively respond to real-world situations.

 

"Through combined exercises, we are able to enhance our effectiveness by blending varied experiences and perspectives," he said.

 

Other participating nations in the BALTOPS 2012 exercise include Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the US.

 

BALTOPS 2012 is scheduled to take place until 16 June and will be held in the territorial waters of Germany, Poland, Lithuania and Estonia of the Baltic Sea.

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6 juin 2012 3 06 /06 /juin /2012 11:43

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05.06.2012 affaires-strategiques.info

 

En signant ce « Programme individuel de partenariat et de coopération », la Nouvelle-Zélande devient un partenaire de l’OTAN sur les questions de terrorisme, d’entraînement militaire, de secours en cas de catastrophes et de renseignement. Ce partenariat fait partie de la politique stratégique de l’OTAN envers les Etats non-membres de l’alliance. Il intervient alors qu’Anders Fogh Rasmussen doit se rendre en Australie, un autre Etat qui a envoyé des forces en Afghanistan sans pour autant faire partie de l’alliance.


Le Premier ministre néo-zélandais John Key a signé l’accord lundi au siège de l’OTAN à Bruxelles avec le Secrétaire général de l’OTAN Anders Fogh Rasmussen. John Key a affirmé que « la relation et l’engagement entre la Nouvelle Zélande et l’OTAN se sont considérablement développés pendant les dix dernières années, surtout à travers notre participation à la mission ISAF conduite par l’OTAN en Afghanistan. » Environ 145 soldats néo-zélandais demeurent en Afghanistan et devraient se retirer l’année prochaine.

John Key a affirmé que cet accord permettait de capitaliser sur l’engagement de la Nouvelle-Zélande avec l’OTAN et de formaliser la relation actuelle, plus profonde, que le pays entretient avec l’alliance. Il a déclaré que « cet arrangement est un accord non obligatoire qui sera utilisé pour maintenir les discussions politiques et opérationnelles actuelles et sous-tendre toute coopération future avec l’OTAN où cela est mutuellement désirable. » La coopération pourrait advenir sur les questions de sécurité d’intérêt mutuel, les nouvelles opportunités d’entraînement de la Defence Force néo-zélandaise par l’OTAN et les défis de sécurité émergents qui relèvent de l’intérêt du pays.

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5 juin 2012 2 05 /06 /juin /2012 18:41

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05/06/2012 armée de l'air

 

Du 28 mai au 8 juin 2012, le feulement des escadrons, arborant comme emblème un tigre, retentit sur la base aérienne d’Œrland en Norvège qui accueille le Nato Tiger Meet 2012.

 

L’escadron de chasse et d’expérimentations 5/330 «Côte d’Argent» de la base aérienne 118 de Mont-de-Marsan ainsi que l’escadron de défense sol air (EDSA) 1/950 «Crau» de la base aérienne 125 d’Istres renforcé par les EDSA d’Avord, de Luxeuil, de Saint-Dizier et de Mont-de-Marsan participent à cet exercice international. Une délégation de l’escadron de chasse (EC) 1/7 «Provence», gérant les traditions de la SPA 162 « Tigre » depuis la dissolution de l’EC 1/12 «Cambrésis», s’y trouve également.

 

Les moyens aériens (une cinquantaine d’aéronefs) sont déployés sur la base aérienne d’Œrland tandis que les moyens sol-air sont stationnés sur le site de Hjerkinn. Treize nations ont répondu présent pour l’édition 2012 de l’exercice otanien (Allemagne, Belgique, États-Unis, France, Hongrie, Italie, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Pologne, République tchèque, Royaume-Uni, Suisse et Turquie).

 

L'objectif principal de l'exercice est d'entraîner les équipages à la préparation et à l'exécution de missions complexes de type COMAO (Combined Air Operations – opérations aériennes combinées) , CAS (Close Air Support – appui aérien rapproché), ou d’extraction de ressortissants en intégrant des forces spéciales et des moyens de CSAR (Combat Search and Rescue – recherche et sauvetage au combat).

 

D’un niveau tactique élevé, l'exercice est mené dans un contexte international et préparé conjointement entre toutes les unités participantes. Les scénarios couvrent tous les spectres de la troisième dimension. Réalistes et évolutifs, ils sont systématiquement associés à de nombreuses menaces air-air et air-sol. Le travail en patrouilles mixtes est privilégié pour améliorer l'interopérabilité entre les nations. De plus, l'interaction entre les plateformes aériennes et terrestres, grâce à la liaison 16 notamment, est systématiquement recherchée.

 

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La complexité de ces missions de combat offrira l’occasion aux pilotes du «Côte d’Argent» de tirer de nombreuses conclusions quant aux nouvelles capacités apportées par le standard F3 du Rafale.

 

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Le dispositif de défense sol-air profite également de l’activité aéronautique dense et du contexte international pour entraîner son personnel dans un cadre réaliste. Le Nato Tiger Meet 2012 offre aux EDSA la possibilité de réaliser pour la première fois une connexion en liaison 11 B entre un système norvégien et une cellule tactique automatisée française.

 

Les échanges permanents effectués en langue anglaise apportent également une plus-value incontestable aux 93 aviateurs (dont 26 officiers) du détachement français.

 

La tradition reste de mise au sein de ce rassemblement otanien. Et ce, malgré la complexité des missions réalisées. Lors de la clôture de cet événement, une remise de trophées récompensera les unités qui se seront distinguées pendant cette période.

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5 juin 2012 2 05 /06 /juin /2012 16:50

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June 5, 2012 defpro.com

 

NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and John Key, New Zealand’s Prime Minister, pledged closer security cooperation after signing a new partnership cooperation accord at NATO headquarters on 4 June 2012.

 

The Secretary General said the NATO-New Zealand Individual Partnership Cooperation Programme (IPCP) formalised ties between the two sides after almost two decades of increased cooperation.

 

Mr. Fogh Rasmussen said the Alliance’s ties with New Zealand, which has been an active participant in the ISAF mission, go well beyond Afghanistan. “Partnerships are essential to NATO’s success and we want to be even more closely connected with countries that are willing to contribute to global security where we all have a stake,“ the Secretary General said after his talks with Prime Minister Key.

 

New Zealand currently contributes over 150 personnel to ISAF, the majority of who are deployed in Bamyan Province at the Provincial Reconstruction Team. It also has troops stationed in Kabul.

 

The Secretary General used the visit of Prime Minister Key to praise his country’s commitment to the Afghan mission as well as the progress New Zealand forces have made since 2003.

 

He said significant security gains have been made in Bamyan Province, which was one of the first to transition to Afghan security responsibility.

 

New Zealand was one of 13 partners from around the world who joined NATO nations for a special meeting at the Chicago Summit last month to discuss common challenges.

 

The Secretary General said the partnership agreement signed on Monday maps out practical steps where NATO and New Zealand will deepen their cooperation. “We may be far away geographically, but we are linked by common values and commitment,” said the Secretary General. “NATO looks forward to building on this important partnership in the years to come.”

 

New Zealand’s partnership programme focuses on improving future cooperation in areas such as cyber-defence, disaster relief, crisis management and joint education and training. NATO sees New Zealand as a key partner in these areas. The Alliance has similar partnership programmes with Switzerland and Sweden among others. (NATO)

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31 mai 2012 4 31 /05 /mai /2012 16:49

Nato 03

 

May. 31, 2012 By JULIAN HALE Defense News

 

BRUSSELS — Speaking at an EU Cybersecurity and Digital Crimes Forum organized by Microsoft here May 31, a senior NATO official outlined four areas for potential European Union-NATO cooperation: training and education; information exchange; protecting national communications and information systems; and harmonizing crisis management procedures.

 

“If there is a major incident, we should be ready to harmonize our response,” said Gabor Iklody, NATO’s assistant secretary general for emerging security challenges.

 

NATO has a mandate to protect national communications and information systems, he said, “but we’re not fully comfortable without getting the EU onboard.” He cited the area as a “new domain” because it entailed working with civilian actors.

 

Describing cybersecurity as a “cooperative environment,” he said “NATO may be part of the answer but may not be in the driving seat.”

 

Iklody also stressed the “need to tear down walls between homeland security and defense [but] drawing a clear line between cybersecurity and cyber defense is practically impossible” because the methods are the same.

 

By the end of 2012, NATO expects to achieve full operational capability on cyber defense, meaning “more sensors, 24/7 monitoring of networks and rapid-response teams.”

 

He noted that NATO’s capability planning process is an important tool that “could influence allies to come up with certain capabilities.” This may cover areas such as national cybersecurity strategies, setting up Computer Emergency Response Teams or forensic analysis capabilities.

 

NATO is also creating a cyber threat assessment cell to explain major threats that “we should be aware of,” he said.

 

On the subject of public-private partnerships, he said, “cyberspace doesn’t belong to governments as 80 [percent to] 85 percent is owned and operated by the private sector and technical solutions come from the private sector.

 

“We need to devise a sustainable framework where state and nonstate actors can work together,” he said.

 

Enhancing situational awareness was one area he suggested for close cooperation with industry.

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31 mai 2012 4 31 /05 /mai /2012 07:25
Sommet OTAN de Chicago et défense Benelux : jusqu’à quel point la « smart defense » est-elle intelligente ?

 

10.05.2012 Par Joseph Henrotin - DSI

 

Si l’attention des médias s’est surtout portée sur la question du retrait d’Afghanistan au cours du récent sommet OTAN de Chicago, d’autres questions y ont également été abordées et ne seront pas sans conséquences pour la défense des Etats-membres. Il y a, évidemment, la question du système antimissile, évoquée depuis une quinzaine d’années et maintenant considérée comme ayant atteint un premier stade opérationnel, par la mise en réseau des capacités nationales et celles mises à la disposition des Etats-Unis. Premier sujet d’inquiétude, l’évolution des systèmes de commandement liés, qui ne devaient coûter que 170 millions de dollars selon le secrétaire général de l’OTAN, son coût étant maintenant estimé à plus d’un milliard. Deuxième sujet d’inquiétude, ce système essentiellement dirigé contre l’Iran, pose la question d’une réflexion stratégique déficitaire. Tout indique pour l’heure que l’Iran a une conception défensive de la dissuasion, exactement au même titre que la France, la Grande-Bretagne, les Etats-Unis ou l’Inde. In fine, l’OTAN s’engage donc dans un système peu efficace (1), qui ne répond pas à la question iranienne (à laquelle seule une dissuasion crédible peut répondre), qui fâche inutilement la Russie, et dont les coûts seront plus importants que prévus.

 

Les limites du modèle

 

Revenons à la question de l’adversaire probable pour aborder un autre point peu évoqué par les médias et renvoyant à la « smart defense », soit un processus de mise en commun et de partage des capacités nationales (pooling and sharing), pour l’heure sur 25 projets. Dans un contexte de crise économique, alors que les budgets de défense ne cessent de baisser et que le coût des matériels s’accroît, la mesure pourrait paraître a priori de bon sens. A certains égards, elle l’est, comme lorsque le sommet valide l’achat de cinq grands drones dotés de radars de surveillance terrestres – encore que l’on est loin du projet initial, seuls 13 Etats y participant. Comme les AWACS de l’OTAN, ils seront mis en œuvre par une unité multinationale ad hoc. Le problème de la smart defense se pose à deux niveaux. Premièrement, dans l’interdépendance qu’elle induit face aux réalités du terrain. Pour résumer les choses abruptement, que se passe-t-il lorsque vous avez besoin d’une capacité pour une opération, mais que l’Etat disposant de cette capacité ne veut pas vous la prêter ? Ce n’est pas un cas d’école. En Libye, le binôme franco-britannique puis l’OTAN n’ont pas pu bénéficier de capacités antiradars allemandes pourtant précieuses (Tornado ECR). In fine, les Etats-Unis ont comblé le vide. De ce point de vue, la smart defense avantagerait surtout Washington, qui dispose de tout le nécessaire.

 

Deuxièmement, la smart defense, si elle permet des annonces politiques mettant en évidence le renforcement de la défense des Etats-membres, manque de prendre en considération l’art délicat de la gestion des coalitions – voie obligée pour des armées trop réduites que pour travailler seules. Leur vrai problème n’est pas celui des capacités, c’est celui de la prise de risque et de son partage. L’Afghanistan l’a parfaitement démontré : certains veulent rester en arrière pour éviter des pertes (caveats) mais que fait-on si ceux-là on des capacités nécessitant qu’ils soient en avant ? Personne n’a, pour l’heure, de véritable solution et, comme à l’habitude, on a essentiellement travaillé sur ce qui faisait consensus (réduire les coûts et chercher une efficacité dans le domaine matériel) plutôt que sur le partage des risques, question autrement plus délicate mais opérationnellement cardinale. De fait, la Belgique a marqué son intérêt pour deux, seulement, des 25 projets – sans s’engager fermement.

 

Et la Belgique ?

 

Au vrai, la prudence belge contraste assez largement avec un autre événement assez peu évoqué par les médias, la déclaration d’intention de coopération dans le domaine de la défense au niveau BENELUX. Pratiquement, il s’agit là aussi de pooling and sharing entre les trois Etats, mais cette fois sur des domaines les concernant plus directement (surveillance et interventions dans leurs espaces aériens, formation commune de pilotes d’hélicoptères, etc.). Là aussi, l’initiative est fondamentalement bonne, mais elle pose également question, là aussi à deux égards. D’une part, sur son étendue, qui pourrait comprendre le renouvellement des flottes de F-16, qui, pour P. De Crem, « sera le premier moment de vérité, pour savoir si les partenaires de l’OTAN se mettent d’accord pour faire une trajectoire sur ce point » (2). Or, les Néerlandais sont totalement engagés dans un programme F-35 non seulement en retard mais aussi en surcoût notoire – le Japon va acheter ses appareils 210 millions de dollars pièce, un peu moins du double du coût des appareils européens – et dont les capacités sont largement soumises à caution. Si nous sommes réalistes, outre l’incohérence d’acheter américain – là où la Belgique a sans doute un des discours les plus pro-européen – et à ce prix ne peut qu’aboutir au non remplacement des F-16 belges. Dans les conditions budgétaires actuelles, personne n’accordera son blanc-seing à cet achat. Encore faudrait-il que l’argent soit disponible : la Belgique est, au sein de l’OTAN, avant-dernière en termes de part des investissements dans son budget de défense.

 

Un autre scénario théorique pourrait être une force aérienne BENELUX, où la Belgique apporterait une contribution financière et humaine, ce qui nous amène au deuxième problème. D’ordre politique, il confère aux choix des partenaires effectués par la Belgique. L’orientation BENELUX répond aux espérances de certains (dont la NVA mais aussi Ward Kennes, CD&V) de voir à terme émerger une « leger van de lage landen », une armée des Pays-Bas – au sens bourguignon – dans le cadre d’une vision géopolitique décentrant la Belgique. Or, cette dernière, a également des accords avec la France (sur la formation des pilotes, par exemple), qui apparaît plus clairement comme une puissance de référence – depuis les réformes britannique, les forces françaises sont les premières d’Europe. Comparativement, les forces néerlandaises sont dans une phase déclinante : mise sous cocon des chars et d’une partie de l’artillerie, réduction de la flotte d’hélicoptères et de F-16, non par choix, mais bien par contrainte budgétaire (3). Si l’on peut s’étonner que pareils choix ne fasse gère l’objet de débats en Belgique – c’est du cœur de la souveraineté nationale du Royaume dont il s’agit – ont peut aussi s’étonner que personne ne prenne en compte le vieil adage suivant lequel deux hommes malades n’ont jamais fait un homme en bonne santé…

 

1 La probabilité d’atteinte de cible des missiles SM-3 américains est de l’ordre de 60 % en condition de laboratoire. Sur les problèmes stratégiques induits par les antimissiles et les contre-mesures qui peuvent leur être appliqués, voir le dossier consacré à la question dans Défense & Sécurité Internationale, n°75, novembre 2011.


2 Bruxelles 2, 21 mai 2012 – http://www.bruxelles2.eu/defense-ue/defense-ue-droit-doctrine-politique/le-vrai-moment-test-de-la-mutualisation-le-renouvellement-des-f-16-p-de-crem.html


3 Voir l’interview du général van Uhm, chef d’état-major néerlandais, dans Défense & Sécurité Internationale, n°74, octobre 2011.

 

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  1. Accord de coopération de défense BENELUX La Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Luxembourg ont conclu, le...
  2. Defense Strategy Guidance 2012 : quelles évolutions pour la défense américaine ? C’est sans doute la première « Vision » (au sens américain du...
  3. La parole est la Défense. La vie complexe des idées stratégiques non institutionnelles Le colonel Michel Goya, auteur du blog « La voie de...
  4. L’Europe et sa défense Grégory Boutherin et Emmanuel Goffi (Dir.), Choiseul, Paris, 2011, 284...
  5. Belgique – les conséquences pour la défense du nouvel accord de gouvernement L’une des conséquences propres à la constitution d’un gouvernement issu...
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29 mai 2012 2 29 /05 /mai /2012 11:45

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May. 25, 2012 By JULIAN HALE Defense News

 

BRUSSELS — Speaking at a post-Chicago summit conference organized by the Security and Defence Agenda here May 25, a senior NATO official supported a mechanism to harmonize defense procurement. Without such a mechanism, defense capability gaps may be exacerbated, he warned.

 

Discussions are ongoing to try to understand how nations will accept actions in NATO’s Chicago summit defense package.

 

“The defense procurement process is lengthy, complex and detailed, and perhaps not agile enough to provide the capabilities we need in a timely way,” he said, adding that how to address that is an open question.

 

As for NATO’s Smart Defense concept, he described the Chicago summit as a “launch pad” rather than a “destination.” It is not necessarily new but represents a new way for NATO to think about how it does its daily business, he said.

 

“Before, we produced capabilities nationally or with common funding. Now, we are talking of a hybrid between the two. We do not necessarily need 28 [NATO members]. There is a recognition that groups of countries can provide capabilities,” he said. The focus now is on implementing the vision, he added, and “implementing Smart Defense will be challenging and require strong political will.”

 

Asked about the lessons from Libya and specific Smart Defense-type projects, Ernest Herold, deputy assistant secretary general for Defence Investment at NATO, noted that some countries had run out of bombs and were offered bombs by other nations only to find out that the racks under their aircraft wings were different.

 

“We’re looking into a project for a universal adapter for bombs,” he said.

 

The European Union has a pooling and sharing initiative, which is essentially the same concept as NATO’s Smart Defense project. Regarding the mismatch with bomb racks on the planes, Philippe Rutz, the pooling and sharing officer at the European Defence Agency, said the racks were not the only issue.

 

Ammunition is standardized via NATO Standardization agreements for procedures and systems and equipment components (STANAGS), he said, but implementation is a matter of national sovereignty.

 

“All the member states are implementing STANAGS in a different way so they are unable to share ammunition sometimes to the point of not being able to transport or stock ammunition,” he said.

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29 mai 2012 2 29 /05 /mai /2012 11:43

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Général Abrial - photo Otan

 

Mai 29, 2012 Nicolas Gros-Verheyde (BRUXELLES2, exclusif)

 

La nouvelle génération de projets de coopération de l’OTAN, la Smart Défense, a été conçue et est suivie au commandement allié de la Transformation (ACT) à Norfolk, dirigée depuis septembre 2009 par le général Stéphane Abrial. J’ai profité de mon séjour à Chicago pour rencontrer ce général français qui devrait, normalement, terminer son mandat à l’automne prochain.

 

Vous venez d’avoir l’aval des chefs d’Etats et de gouvernement pour une vingtaine de projets de la Smart Défense. Très modestes tout de même ?


•Les projets initiaux sont modestes, c’est vrai, reconnaissons-le. Mais c’est un début. Il ne s’agit que d’une première vague qui remplit tous les critères pour être développés. Nous avons une liste de presque 200 projets qui sont en cours d’étude. Nous entrons donc dans un processus qui va prendre plusieurs années. Ce sont essentiellement des projets-pilotes destinés à montrer que le concept est valide. Ensuite, on pourra approfondir pour s’intéresser à des projets de plus en plus complexes et sensibles, et changer les approches multinationales.

 

Lesquels par exemple ?


• On pourrait réfléchir à avoir des projets de partage de l’aviation de combat, des capacités technologiques de pointe pour le combat, des échanges de renseignement. Mais on ne peut pas arriver tout de suite à ce niveau-là de coopération. Le niveau de complexité des projets va ainsi aller croissant au fur et à mesure qu’on va atteindre le coeur de souveraineté. Car faire les choses ensemble revient à partager un pan de souveraineté. Et cela prendra du temps. Car il faut un changement d’état d’esprit, pour concilier solidarité et souveraineté.

 

On a déjà eu des projets de coopération multinationale dans le passé ; tous n’ont pas tous été marqués du sceau du succès. Qu’est-ce qui ferait qu’on aura plus de succès demain ?


• Ce qui me rend optimiste, c’est le chemin parcouru en à peine un an. J’ai sillonné l’Europe et ai été étonné de la volonté des États. On évolue lentement. Les mots sont certes les mêmes qu’il y a 15 ans. Mais cette fois il y a conscience qu’on ne peut pas réaliser hors de la coopération. Les nations se sont approprié l’initiative. Nous avons réussi à concilier les intérêts de l’Alliance, avec l’intérêt individuel de chaque nation.

 

Qu’est-ce qui est le plus important avant de démarrer un projet en coopération ?

• Il faut aussi bien étudier les besoins. C’est pourquoi nous insistons souvent sur la proximité stratégique des Etats, leur volonté à travailler ensemble. Ainsi, ce n’est pas le nombre de pays qui participe à un projet qui est important. Au contraire, même. Il vaut mieux avoir des plus petits groupes, bien compacts, bien déterminés. C’est une question en fait de masse critique pour la meilleure efficacité d’un projet.

 

Derrière ces coopérations, il y a souvent des enjeux industriels importants. Cela a-t-il été évoqué dans vos discussions ? Et comment cela va être pris en compte ?


• Bien sûr. L’aspect industriel a été évoqué dans chaque capitale. Car l’impact sur l’emploi et l’économie, font partie des intérêts nationaux. Chacun a peur pour l’avenir de sa propre industrie et chacun tient à ce que ses intérêts soient pris en compte. Chacun a aussi peur du plus grand que soit. L’important est que cela se passe de façon transparente et équilibrée. Nous avons ainsi travaillé au début avec des compagnies importantes. Car c’était plus facile. Nous travaillons aujourd’hui et voulons travailler avec des entreprises de taille plus petite. Quelle que soit leur taille, cela permet de mettre chacun des pays sur un pied d’égalité. Notre vision est que chacun puisse avoir la possibilité de pouvoir participer. Après… que le meilleur gagne.

 

Comment s’est passé la répartition des tâches entre la « smart défense » de l’OTAN et le « pooling and sharing » de l’Union européenne


• Très bien. On a essayé de se répartir les tâches ou d’avoir des projets se complétant. C’est le cas, par exemple, pour le projet de soutien médical : l’un travaille dans le domaine des normes (OTAN), l’autre dans celui de la réalisation (UE). Même en travaillant sur le même sujet, on peut être complémentaire. Sur le projet de ravitaillement en vol, il y a eu une réflexion. Mais il a paru naturel que ce soit l’Union européenne qui prenne en charge. Dans ce domaine, il n’y a pas de lacune de l’OTAN en tant que telle (pas des Américains) mais des Européens au sein de l’OTAN. Si les Européens comblent cette lacune, cela renforce aussi la capacité de l’OTAN.

 

Dernière question, la réintégration de la France est-elle positive selon vous ?


• C’est indubitable. La France pèse, énormément. Beaucoup plus qu’avant. Nous sommes impliqués dans tous les projets, du début jusqu’à la finalisation. Ce qui change et permet d’accompagner, d’influer sur le fonctionnement quotidien de l’Alliance. Auparavant nous étions davantage des spectateurs dans certains projets de l’Alliance, ne pouvant nous prononcer qu’une fois les projets définis.

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28 mai 2012 1 28 /05 /mai /2012 18:24
À Kaboul, Hollande adapte le calendrier du retrait d'Afghanistan

 

25/05/2012 Jean Guisnel Le Point.fr

 

Au 1er janvier 2013, 42 % des effectifs militaires français en Afghanistan s'y trouveront toujours. Si tout se passe comme prévu, la promesse du président sera tenue avec six mois de retard.

 

Au cours d'une visite de huit heures sur le sol afghan qui n'avait pas été annoncée publiquement, le président de la République et chef des armées François Hollande a confirmé le retrait "ordonné et coordonné" des troupes françaises qu'il avait annoncé durant la campagne. Ses précisions sur place rendent ce mouvement beaucoup moins rapide qu'annoncé. Aux journalistes que l'Élysée avait invités à l'accompagner à Kaboul, François Hollande a déclaré que 2 000 "troupes combattantes" quitteront le pays d'ici la fin 2012. Ce qui veut dire concrètement que 1 500 soldats resteront sur place après la fin de 2012, soit 42 % des effectifs actuels.

 

Plus précisément, 3 550 militaires - dont 150 gendarmes - se trouvent actuellement en Afghanistan. Ils seront 2 000 de moins au 31 décembre 2012, soit une accélération notable par rapport aux 800 retours prévus à cette date par Nicolas Sarkozy. Au 1er janvier 2013, une partie des gendarmes seront rentrés, à savoir ceux qui sont affectés aux POMLT (Police Operational Mentor and Liaison Team), tandis que ceux assurant la formation de la gendarmerie afghane dans la province du Wardak resteront sur place. 1 000 militaires assureront jusqu'au début du second semestre 2013 les opérations de désengagement, y compris ceux qui seront spécifiquement chargés de la protection des logisticiens. Ne resteront plus ensuite sur place que les 400 soldats français intégrés à l'Isaf, que ce soit dans l'état-major, dans les centres de formation ou dans l'hôpital Role 3 installé sur l'aéroport de Kaboul.

Principe de réalité

De fait, le président de la République s'est trouvé confronté à la réalité, ce qui l'a contraint à faire évoluer son discours depuis le début de l'année. Le 20 janvier 2012, quatre soldats français (un cinquième a perdu la vie depuis) étaient assassinés par un militaire afghan. Le jour même, le candidat socialiste confirme le calendrier qu'il appliquera, s'il est élu : "Je renouvelle ma volonté de retirer nos forces d'Afghanistan, le plus rapidement possible, au plus tard à la fin de l'année 2012, en concertation avec nos alliés."

 

Lors d'un point de presse qui se tient le même jour, il enfonce le clou : "Si les Français m'accordent leur confiance le 6 mai prochain, je retirerai nos troupes d'Afghanistan fin 2012. Ce retrait se fera rapidement, en concertation avec les autorités afghanes et avec nos alliés, et avec toutes les garanties pour que nos soldats, dans ce délai, puissent être protégés. C'est une décision ferme, que je défends depuis longtemps (...) Cette opération n'a que trop duré." Deux jours plus tard, lors de son grand meeting au Bourget, le candidat socialiste fustige la décision de Nicolas Sarkozy d'accélérer le retrait en lançant : "Présider la République, c'est savoir aussi prendre des décisions difficiles, pas simplement à la suite d'un drame. Leur sacrifice suscite le respect de la nation tout entière. Mais il faut aussi avoir la lucidité de dire (...), d'affirmer que notre mission est terminée."

Pas avant l'été 2013

Ces mots très fermes se sont pourtant heurtés à l'impossibilité matérielle d'évacuer tous les hommes et tout le matériel avant l'été 2013. L'état-major des armées avait déjà fait ses calculs, réminiscence des problèmes scolaires de robinet et de baignoire : sachant qu'en l'absence de routes ouvertes et de chemins de fer, seuls des avions russes et ukrainiens peuvent évacuer les 1 200 véhicules, les 1 600 containers et tout le fatras d'une armée en campagne, impossible de faire plus vite ! Quant aux soldats français, ils passent six mois en Afghanistan, puis rentrent chez eux et doivent être remplacés. Les avions français suffisent à faire les navettes, mais une chose est sûre : pendant le retrait, de nouveaux soldats français vont arriver en Afghanistan ! Sentant venir le pépin, les armées se sont rapprochées des conseillers du candidat socialiste, notamment de Jean-Yves Le Drian, pour expliquer que la date de fin 2012 était juste impossible à respecter... Il ne fut pas plus difficile à convaincre que le candidat.

 

Le discours a donc changé. Début février, la notion de "troupes combattantes", pourtant maladroite, a été reprise par l'équipe de François Hollande, qui la présentait en personne dans son discours sur la défense du 11 mars : "Nous accélérerons dans les meilleures conditions de sécurité le retrait de nos forces combattantes pour que, fin 2012, nos soldats soient rentrés." François Hollande aurait été mieux inspiré de dire, ce qui est vrai, qu'il poursuivra la politique engagée depuis l'été 2011, et confirmée depuis janvier dernier, à savoir que les troupes françaises ne seront plus engagées dans des opérations de combat. La feuille de route que le président de la République a donnée au chef d'état-major des armées, l'amiral Édouard Guillaud, ce matin à Kaboul est on ne peut plus claire : "Le retrait ne sera pas facile à organiser. Nous devons prendre toutes les précautions. Le chef d'état-major des armées est là, et il aura comme mission d'assurer le succès de cette opération comme il y a eu des succès jusque-là. Nous devons limiter autant qu'il sera possible nos pertes, faire en sorte qu'il n'y ait aucun risque pour nos soldats, rapatrier notre matériel. Voilà votre mission."

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23 mai 2012 3 23 /05 /mai /2012 17:23

Comprehensive-Citadel-2012-photo-QG-CRR-Fr-PAO.jpg

L'exercice Comprehensive Citadel 2012 se déroule à Lille

en présence de 600 militaires venus de 14 pays différents

Crédits : QG CRR-Fr/PAO

 

23/05/2012 Armée de Terre

 

Sous la houlette du quartier général du corps de réaction rapide- France (QG CRR-Fr), l’exercice « Comprehensive Citadel 2012 » se déroule au sein de la citadelle de Lille, du 14 au 25 mai 2012. Son objectif : l’entraînement à la planification et la conduite d’une opération fictive sous mandat de l’OTAN.

 

L’exercice « Comprehensive Citadel 2012 » se déroule du 14 au 25 mai à la citadelle de Lille. Dans un scénario fictif proche de la réalité, dont les acteurs ne sont autres que les 600 militaires de 14 nationalités différentes rassemblés pour l’occasion, le QG CRR-Fr commande une force terrestre importante.

 

Déployée dans un pays où le pouvoir politique est instable et l’insécurité règne, les militaires doivent réagir à des incidents simulés mais très réalistes. Le but est de rétablir la sécurité et de favoriser le retour au bon fonctionnement des institutions étatiques.

 

Des étudiants au cœur de l’action

 

Dans cet environnement complexe, le QG CRR-Fr n’a pas hésité à intégrer des étudiants des universités de Lille dès la préparation de l’exercice.

 

Au nombre de 6, ils ont été séparés dans trois cellules aux missions distinctes. Deux d’entre eux sont au « knowledge center ». Ils doivent fusionner tout le renseignement civil et militaire dans une seule et même cellule. Trois sont à la programmation de l’exercice et sont passés du côté de l’animation. Ils jouent les rôles de représentants de l’ONU ou encore des ONG. Enfin, le dernier se trouve à la cellule civilo-militaire, le lien avec les ONG lors de cet exercice.

 

La participation de ces étudiants permet au QG CRR-Fr de bénéficier d’un nouveau point de vue plus ouvert sur la résolution des conflits.Ils peuvent ainsi prendre plus facilement en compte les aspects civils des crises sur les théâtres d’opération.

Cela s’inscrit dans la lignée de ce qu’avait déjà fait le QG CRR-Fr auparavant. Il met un point d’honneur à développer ses liens avec la communauté étudiante. Cette volonté est un des piliers de sa coopération avec la mission Lille Eurométropole Défense sécurité (MLEDS). Ce centre de réflexion, initiée par Martine Aubry, milite pour une synergie locale Défense/entreprises/monde étudiant.

 

En 2010, l’Etat-major du QG CRR-Fr avait même reçu le prix armée jeunesse pour l’organisation de rencontres « café-défense » entre officiers et étudiants.

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23 mai 2012 3 23 /05 /mai /2012 12:10

Flag of the Netherlands.svg

 

May 23, 2012 defpro.com

 

The Netherlands is to lead a new NATO project in which Denmark and the United States will also participate. Eight other members of the alliance have pledged to join soon.

 

The project will focus on biometrics as a means to track down the individuals and organisations who use improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to carry out attacks on NATO forces in Afghanistan.

 

At the ongoing NATO summit in Chicago, Dutch Defence Minister Hans Hillen said that the Netherlands has gained valuable experience in biometrics in Afghanistan. Biometric data such as fingerprints left behind on explosives can help investigators track down the bomb makers.

 

The Netherlands lost 12 soldiers as the result of IED attacks. (Radio Netherlands Worldwide)

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23 mai 2012 3 23 /05 /mai /2012 11:59
The Beast

 

May 23, 2012: STRATEGY PAGE

 

Pakistan has agreed to allow NATO to resume trucking supplies into Afghanistan via Pakistan, but only if an additional fee of $4,750 be paid per cargo container. Most of this cash would go into the pockets of senior officials. That comes to $14 million a month in bribes. The Pakistanis consider this a good deal, because it is costing NATO $38 million a month in additional transportation costs because the Pakistani route is not available. American politicians note that the U.S. has been giving Pakistan over $80 million a month in military aid, so that aid is being withheld and may be cancelled completely if Pakistan does not open the border. The Pakistanis are also aware that the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan will involve the shipment of over 100,000 containers (and half a billion dollars in loot for Pakistani leaders, not the Pakistani people). So far, NATO and the U.S. refuse to give in to these extortionate demands, which include the U.S. taking the blame for last November's friendly fire incident that left 26 Pakistani soldiers dead. There is a long history of Pakistani troops firing across the border at NATO and Afghan forces. Giving the Pakistanis the apology they demand would be bad for NATO morale, as American and NATO troops are still facing a lack of cooperation from Pakistani forces along the Afghan border.

 

Meanwhile, the Pakistani military continues fighting selected Islamic terrorists in the tribal territories. While these Islamic radicals want to turn Pakistan into a religious dictatorship, an unpopular prospect with most people in the territories, there is widespread anger at the corruption and incompetence of the Pakistani government. Thus while the Islamic terrorists have destroyed several thousand schools in the tribal territories in the last decade (to protest educating girls and secular education in general), a very unpopular tactic, the people are appalled at the inability of the government to stop this violence or rebuild all the destroyed schools. Pakistanis are also angry at continued government support for some Islamic terror groups (that are supposed to restrict their attacks to India or foreigners outside Pakistan, like Western troops in Afghanistan). The problem with this strategy is that these terror groups tend to eventually slip off their leash and attack Pakistanis. Three decades of this military strategy has created a large minority of Pakistanis who are Islamic radicals and who advocate things (no school for girls or jobs for women or entertainment for anyone) that most Pakistanis oppose. At the same time the military feasts off the corruption their power enables them to indulge in. The Pakistani military is supposed to exist to defend Pakistan, but to a growing number of Pakistanis their military is an uncontrollable beast that just feeds off Pakistan.

 

Several years of fighting in the Pakistani tribal territories has created over half a million refugees and a lot of unhappy civilians. After September 11, 2001, Pakistan had an opportunity to renounce its two decades of support for Islamic terrorism. But the Pakistani generals tried to have it both ways. That approach failed. Now, once NATO leaves Afghanistan, Pakistan will have to deal with Pushtun Islamic radicals (mainly Taliban) on both sides of the border by themselves. Even with a determined effort to eliminate this scourge, it will take a decade or more to deal with it.

 

Pakistani government incompetence is getting more publicity than the senior officials are comfortable with. Wikileaks documents proved very embarrassing, as they detailed government support for the "secret" American UAV operations over the tribal territories. The officials publicly opposed these UAV operations. Wikileaks also documented a lot of the corruption in Pakistan, and now some retired generals are arguing via the media about rigged elections in the 1990s. This is nothing new for most Pakistanis, but the perpetrators going public about it is. The generals are saying they rigged elections "for the good of the country." But they used the power they obtained to get rich and get away with murder.

 

Despite the continuing terrorist threat from Pakistan, India is focusing on the military threat from China. The Indian Ocean is of particular concern, with more Chinese warships showing up along with the huge number of Chinese merchant ships already there. So over the next decade, the Indian Navy will receive an average of five new ships a year. This will include aircraft carriers and nuclear subs. While the Chinese fleet is larger, the Chinese have more immediate naval threats (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, America) off their Pacific coast. Thus the Indian buildup is meant to be sufficient to handle anything the Chinese might be able to spare for Indian Ocean mischief.

 

May 22, 2012: Three senior Pakistani naval officers were punished, for incompetence, because of command failures that enabled a terror attack on a naval base exactly a year ago. At the time six Taliban gunmen got onto a major naval base in Karachi, Pakistan, killed ten people and destroyed two American made P-3C maritime reconnaissance aircraft (worth over $100 million each). All the attackers were killed, but it took the military 17 hours to do so. It was early the following day before the sound of gunfire ended. What was most disturbing about this was that this heavily guarded base was supposed to have a degree of security similar to that provided for the bases where nuclear weapons are stored. While the six Taliban who attacked the naval base were killed, that in itself was scary, as the attackers did not seem concerned about surviving. The attack was later described by the Taliban as an act of revenge for the death of bin Laden. While the navy had three more P-3Cs, the loss of two of them greatly reduced the ability to patrol the long Pakistani coast.  The attackers were believed to have had inside help, but the military has not released any information on that (and rarely does.)

 

In Indian Kashmir, three Islamic terrorists were picked up by sensors as they sought to sneak in from Pakistan. An army patrol was sent to intercept and the resulting gun battle left one terrorist dead and the other two apparently headed back into Pakistan.

 

Gunmen attacked a political rally in Karachi, Pakistan, leaving 11 dead. Karachi, Pakistan's largest city (18 million), has ethnic and religious violence that is again growing, causing hundreds of casualties a week and chaos in some neighborhoods. The violence has been high all this year, although in the last month the security forces thought they had put a lid on it. The lid is rattling.

 

In Pakistan's North Waziristan a U.S. UAV killed four Islamic terrorists with a missile.

 

Indian police attacked a meeting of Maoists in eastern India (Jharkhand), and captured some weapons and equipment, but the twelve Maoist gunmen got away. The police acted on a tip.

 

May 21, 2012: Indian police arrested two Islamic terrorists in Punjab, and seized three bombs, two timers, three detonators, two Chinese pistols and 11 rounds of ammunition. The explosives came from Pakistan.

 

May 20, 2012: Pakistan blocked national access to Twitter for most of the day, apparently because of blasphemous (to some Moslems) activity on Twitter. Every day, if not every hour, there is something on Twitter that Islamic conservatives would consider blasphemous. What the Pakistani government particularly dislikes about Twitter is that it is a speedy conduit of reports on bad behavior by the Pakistani government. Shutting Twitter down for a sustained period would be enormously unpopular. Over the past two decades the military has backed off on its efforts to enforce censorship because of public anger. At this point, the government has lost control of most media. Some journalists can be bought or intimidated, but most roam free, sniffing out government misbehavior.

 

May 19, 2012: In Indian Kashmir, Islamic terrorists made two grenade attacks, wounding four policemen and ten civilians.

 

May 18, 2012:  Maoists in eastern India (Chhattisgarh) attacked the home of a senior politician and were driven off. One bodyguard was killed. 

 

May 17, 2012: Another sign of peace returning to Indian Kashmir is the army announcement that some of the minefields, surrounding eight of its camps, would be removed. This is mainly because there are far fewer Islamic terrorists operating in the area now.

 

In Pakistan, four pilots were killed when two military aircraft collided during a training exercise. Because if its large number of older Russian and Chinese designed warplanes, Pakistan has a much higher accident rate than Western air forces, or even neighboring India (which also has a lot of Russian warplanes).

 

May 13, 2012: Maoists in eastern India (Chhattisgarh) ambushed a police patrol and killed six policemen and a civilian driver.

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23 mai 2012 3 23 /05 /mai /2012 07:45

Turkey.svg

 

May 21 2012trdefence.com

 

A two-day NATO Summit in Chicago was concluded May 21 with the adoption of a new “Smart Defense” strategy, just as it had been announced in advance.

 

The 28 members agreed to coordinate use of their military resources under dire circumstances of global economic difficulties to overcome global threats together.

 

In an environment where the United States is in the process of shifting its focus from the Atlantic-Europe zone to the Pacific-Asia zone, the new NATO strategy fits into American needs to entrust interests in the Atlantic-European zone to their allies there by providing them new ways, means and tools to do that. And lessening the burden on its shoulders is one of the reasons behind all that smart defense resource sharing thing.

 

The missile shield is an important part of that strategy. The shield project, which NATO said yesterday was officially in active use, consists of five units: The command center in Ramstein, Germany, the intercepting missiles on board the U.S. missile ships off the Spanish coasts, land-based missile batteries in Poland and Romania, as well as an early warning radar site in Kürecik, Turkey. A White House Fact Sheet yesterday revealed that only the Kürecik radar, an AN/TPY-2 type one (which has been effectively in use since January) has been transferred by U.S. President Barack Obama from U.S. to NATO operational control; the others will remain U.S. sites.

 

There is a detail here. Israel has the same radar on its soil, and if that radar would fully satisfy the U.S.’ needs, it would be hard to find any reason why Washington would ask Ankara to hear their needs and demands in return. NATO control, of course, gives a different hand to Turkey vis-à-vis its relations with northern neighbor Russia and eastern neighbor Iran; both are not very happy because of the presence of the radar as they feel like the targets.

 

Turkey comes into this picture in a different way. When the U.S. focus was on the Atlantic-Europe zone, Turkey was on the eastern fringe bordering Russia and the energy basins of the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea; now in the Pacific-Asia focus, Turkey remains in the picture at the western fringe and with the capabilities to have an influence on the Islamic political geography. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was in Pakistan yesterday to discuss their future role in Afghanistan on behalf of the Western alliance while the Western leaders were discussing the same issue in Chicago some ten thousand miles away.

 

These qualities bring an upgraded role to Turkey in the NATO system as well and are not limited to a new (Land Forces in İzmir) command and more officers. It is a political one and in order to enhance it, the U.S. and major European allies are seeking two improvements in two main fields: Upgraded democratic standards which are expected to come with the new constitution that is being prepared and better relations with the neighborhood – that usually means Israel, Cyprus and Armenia nowadays. If the new coalition in Israel comes closer to an apology over the killing of nine Turks in the 2010 Mavi Marmara flotilla tragedy, that could be a good start for the process.

HDN

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22 mai 2012 2 22 /05 /mai /2012 20:20

Jean-Yves Le Drian nato summit may 2012

 

22/05/2012 LePoint.fr (AFP)

 

Jean-Yves Le Drian s'est entretenu avec ses homologues australien, canadien, britannique et allemand, pour sa première sortie en tant que ministre de la Défense, à l'occasion du sommet de l'Otan qui s'est tenu à Chicago, a-t-on appris mardi auprès de la Défense.

 

Jean-Yves Le Drian s'est entretenu avec ses homologues australien, canadien, britannique et allemand, pour sa première sortie en tant que ministre de la Défense, à l'occasion du sommet de l'Otan qui s'est tenu à Chicago, a-t-on appris mardi auprès de la Défense.

 

Le ministre avait rencontré dès samedi à Washington le secrétaire américain à la Défense, Leon Panetta, à la veille du sommet de l'Alliance atlantique.

 

"Les Américains apprécient le geste de la France de les consulter avant le sommet et de les rassurer sur le rôle qu'elle souhaite continuer de jouer, tant dans l'Alliance qu'en Afghanistan après le 1er janvier 2013, notamment sur les questions de formation et de coopération", a-t-on souligné de même source.

 

Les entretiens séparés avec Thomas de Maizière (Allemagne), Philip Hammond (GB), Stephen Smith (Australie) et Peter MacKay (Canada), ont également porté sur des sujets de coopération bilatérale.

 

Le président François Hollande a confirmé dimanche à Chicago la décision de la France de retirer fin 2012 ses "forces combattantes" d'Afghanistan, soit environ 18 mois avant la date fixée par le calendrier de l'Otan.

 

A Washington, Jean-Yves Le Drian s'est également entretenu avec le général américain John Allen, commandant des forces de l'Otan en Afghanistan. La France compte environ 3.500 soldats au sein de la force internationale dans ce pays.

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22 mai 2012 2 22 /05 /mai /2012 18:53

tir-du-systeme-mamba 28032012

 

22 Mai 2012 Jean-Dominique Merchet

 

Comme l'explique un bon connaisseur des sommets internationaux, "on ne peut y faire valoir qu'un seul sujet" et, pour François Hollande, ce sujet, au sommet de l'Otan de Chicago, c'était l'Afghanistan. Le bouclier antimissile est donc passé comme une lettre à la poste. Pourtant, lors de sa campagne, le candidat socialiste s'était déclaré "réservé", estimant que ce projet "méritait réflexion".  "Mes réserves ont pu être levées" a-t-il indiqué dimanche.

 

La première des 4 étapes du programme lancé lors du sommet de Lisbonne de 2010, dite de "capacité interimaire" a donc été officiellement achevée. Les trois autres autres suivront leur cours jusqu'en 2020. Pour l'instant, il s'agit d'un radar (en Turquie), d'une frégate américaine équipée de missiles SM-3 et d'un centre de commandement à Ramstein (Allemagne)

 

Le président de la République a énoncé quatre principes "essentiels" : "La défense anti-missile ne peut pas être un substitut à la dissuasion mais un complément". Il faut un "contrôle politique de son utilisation". Les industriels français doivent être "directement intéressés à la réalisation des équipements nécessaires". Enfin, "il doit y avoir une maîtrise des coûts pour qu'il n'y ait pas de dérive financière qui serait d'ailleurs insupportable pour les budgets des pays de l'Alliance".

 

Ce projet de défense antimissile balistique (DAMB) vise à protéger le territoire européen d'attaques en provenance, notamment, de l'Iran. Il suscite une vive opposition de la Russie - et François Hollande a souhaité que les "pays qui sont proches (la Russie, ndlr) puissent être totalement rassurés".

 

La position exprimée par le président de la République n'est pas une surprise : elle correspond à la position française telle qu'elle exprimée depuis plusieurs mois - lire notre post de février dernier. Il s'agit en fait d'une expression permettant de trouver un équilibre entre des positions contradictoires en France même : d'un côté, les industriels (MBDA, Astrium, Thalès...) veulent absolument participer à ce programme d'autant qu'ils craignent une réduction des budgets d'investissements nationaux, de l'autre les militaires tordent le nez car ils estiment que ce projet essentiellement américain coutera cher et que les priorités ne sont pas là., alors que les partisans de la dissuasion nucléaire y voit l'amorce d'un abandon des principes sacro-saints.

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22 mai 2012 2 22 /05 /mai /2012 16:55

Coat of arms of Estonia.svg

 

May 22, 2012 defpro.com

 

At the meeting of NATO defence ministers’ in Chicago Sunday evening, Minister of Defence Urmas Reinsalu emphasised that NATO should preserve the combat experience gained in Afghanistan also after the end of the operation there.

 

“In a situation where the current NATO operation in Afghanistan is drawing to a close, we must make an effort to preserve the experience gained on the battlefield. To that end, planning by NATO needs to be enhanced and military exercises need to be held more often, including in the Baltic region,” said the Minister of Defence.

 

According to Minister of Defence Reinsalu, the Defence and Deterrence Posture Review approved at the Chicago summit is advantageous for Estonia. “The analysis shows clearly that NATO will retain its current conventional military capabilities, needed for the collective defence of all the countries of the Alliance,” said the Minister of Defence.

 

“What is more, NATO must be able to deploy its military force rapidly within its territory, which will increase the sense of security of all of its members,” Reinsalu pointed out.

 

Minister of Defence Urmas Reinsalu also met with his Dutch colleague, Hans Hillen, in Chicago yesterday, mainly discussing the air policing of the Baltic States and collaboration on cyber defence and procurement.

 

“I would like to thank the Netherlands for its support in achieving the long-term solution of the Baltic Air Policing operation and I also hope to see Dutch fighters in our airspace in the future. Furthermore, we enjoy good collaboration with the Netherlands in the area of procurements, certain to continue in the future, too,” Reinsalu said at the meeting.

 

With the involvement of the NATO defence ministers, a contract was also signed in Chicago to set up Alliance Ground Surveillance, under which unmanned reconnaissance aircraft will be procured for NATO, providing the Alliance with up-to-date surveillance capability to conduct combat operations successfully.

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22 mai 2012 2 22 /05 /mai /2012 16:51
Looming end of Afghan mission leaves NATO with identity crisis

22 May 2012defenseWeb (Reuters)

 

NATO put on a brave face at its Chicago summit but the reality is that the alliance has been weakened by the euro zone crisis and faces an identity crisis about what its role will be once it ends its intervention in Afghanistan in 2014.

 

NATO leaders sealed a landmark agreement to hand control of Afghanistan over to its own security forces by the middle of next year, putting the Western alliance on an "irreversible" path out of the unpopular, decade-long war.

 

The big question mark hanging over the summit was how will NATO, a 28-nation grouping originally designed for the Cold War, adapt to the world beyond 2014?

 

In an era where governments are slashing defence spending to cut budget deficits, the United States is increasingly tilting towards defence challenges in Asia while many of NATO's other members, preoccupied by economic problems, have little appetite for foreign adventures, Reuters reports.

 

That raises the question of whether the United States, which accounts for three-quarters of NATO defence spending, will remain committed to the 63-year-old organization despite its frustrations at European allies' reluctance to contribute more towards their own defence.

 

"The U.S. has been NATO's quarterback since the alliance was founded. That's OK by us, but we're increasingly concerned that - in light of economic pressures in Europe - we're going to have to play quarterback, running back, and wide receiver all at the same time. That's not good for the team," said a senior U.S. official, speaking on condition of anonymity.

 

SOFT TARGET

 

While the Pentagon is also being forced to cut defence spending - by $487 billion over the next decade - the gap between the United States and its European allies is only likely to widen as many governments see defence as a "soft target" for budget cuts they are being forced into by the debt crisis.

 

Big European nations such as Germany and Britain are sharply cutting defence and only five allies meet NATO's benchmark of spending 2 percent of their gross domestic product on defence.

 

Belgian Defence Minister Pieter de Crem said he agreed with former U.S. Defence Secretary Robert Gates's warning last year that NATO risked "collective military irrelevance" unless alliance members acted to reverse declining capabilities.

 

"NATO is a political-military organization for collective defence and one cannot have all the advantages and all the assets without participating or bringing in a fair share," he told Reuters during the summit.

 

He said the challenge was to have fair burden-sharing between the two sides of the Atlantic "taking into account budgetary constraints."

 

NATO's answer to the money shortage is "smart defence," saving money by sharing equipment and facilities between allies and having countries specialise in different areas of defence.

 

"I think this summit sent a very clear message that the European allies are committed to acquiring the necessary military capabilities in the future, despite the economic crisis, despite declining defence budgets," NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen told Reuters in an interview.

 

"We won't get more money for defence in the very near future - let's face it ... That makes it necessary to do business in a new way and I think multinational cooperation is the way forward," he said.

 

The summit approved an initial package of 20 multinational projects, including enabling fighter jets to use munitions from various sources and countries and a scheme to pool maritime patrol aircraft from various nations.

 

A broader question being asked in Chicago was what role should NATO have in the future - should it continue to fight fires in different parts of the world or pull in its horns and concentrate on defending its own territory?

 

REINVENTION

 

NATO has reinvented itself several times before. Originally a mutual defence pact that bound North America and Western Europe together during the Cold War, the alliance survived the collapse of the Soviet Union and intervened in wars in the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s.

 

Afghanistan was NATO's first mission outside its traditional area of operations and its most ambitious. NATO forms the core of the 50-nation International Security Assistance Force that is battling the Taliban in Afghanistan.

 

Last year, with the United States taking a low profile but providing critical capabilities and supplies, Britain and France led a NATO air operation in Libya that helped rebels topple Muammar Gaddafi, a key milestone in the Arab Spring.

 

Czech Defence Minister Alexandr Vondra argued that the crucial issue for the alliance now was not enlargement, or out-of-area operations, but common defence of its member countries.

 

NATO's article 5 commitment to mutual defence was the "bedrock" that justified NATO in the eyes of its population, he said.

 

Other leaders, like British Prime Minister David Cameron, disagreed that NATO should lower its ambitions and "look inwards."

 

"I argued, and this summit agreed, that NATO should actually do the opposite," he told a news conference. "We should look outwards, reassert NATO's relevance and make sure it is ready and capable to tackle the threats that may lie outside its territory but nonetheless are very real threats to us at home."

 

Jamie Shea, NATO's deputy assistant secretary general for emerging security challenges, wrote recently that NATO could soon be an alliance without a major operation under way.

 

While crises could come out of the blue, NATO interventions of the future were unlikely to follow past patterns, he said in an article on the website of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace think tank.

 

"They are likely to be more spaced out and more focused on air and naval operations than on land deployments," Shea wrote. "The objectives are more likely to be limited and short-term, involving more intelligence-gathering and special forces, to say nothing of the increased use of robotics and drones in place of soldiers.

 

"Moreover, if Libya is to be the model for the future, not all the allies will decide to participate, particularly in the sharp end of the operation," he said.

 

Clara O'Donnell, visiting scholar at the Brookings Institution, said the fact that countries traditionally active in NATO operations, such as Poland and the Netherlands, chose not to take part in the Libya operation showed a dwindling desire to show solidarity with other NATO members, reflecting the unpopularity of foreign expeditions in many countries.

 

In a sign that NATO remains a controversial organization, baton-wielding police clashed with anti-war protesters marching on the summit on Sunday while leaders met behind heavy security in a cavernous convention centre.

 

Despite the doubts, few see the United States walking away from NATO or the alliance breaking up because Washington knows it can generally count on its European allies in time of crisis and derives valuable political support from them in pursuit of its interests.

 

"Afghanistan will end, some day, it's not going to be tomorrow, but there's going to be something else - I can't predict where, when - and the West is going to need a tool to act and until we find a better one, I'd like to keep the alliance around for a while," Leo Michel of the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the U.S. National Defence University said in London recently.

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22 mai 2012 2 22 /05 /mai /2012 16:35
NATO Projects Aim to Fill European Defense Gaps

 

May. 20, 2012 By KATE BRANNEN  Defense news

 

CHICAGO — NATO leaders are expected to unveil several new multinational projects at its summit here this weekend aimed at better integrating European defense planning and capabilities.

 

The goal is to counter the continued decline of European defense budgets and financial contributions to NATO, a situation made worse by the ongoing sovereign debt crisis.

 

Europeans realize that they’re not going to have more defense resources, but they’ve got to do better with what they have, Stephen Flanagan, a defense and security analyst with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said.

 

“Our European allies are still spending an enormous amount of money on defense, but they don’t spend it very wisely and there is a lot of redundancy. For $282 billion last year, NATO Europe should be able to get a lot more out of that than it does.”

 

At the Chicago summit, NATO will build upon its “Smart Defense” initiative, which encourages countries to coordinate their defense planning, paying close attention to where others are making budget cuts so as not to lose certain capabilities completely.

 

Three flagship projects — missile defense, Baltic air policing and Allied Ground Surveillance (AGS) — will be highlighted.

 

On missile defense, NATO is expected to announce an interim capability for a new missile defense shield. The planned purchase of five Global Hawk surveillance UAVs as part of the AGS project was announced in February.

 

In addition to these announcements, NATO is expected to unveil a package of more than 20 multinational projects that aim to fill capability gaps.

 

Whether these projects will help Europe shore up its defense capabilities remains to be seen, but observers will be watching the summit for clues.

 

“What I would watch is what’s the balance between rhetoric and practical projects,” said Ian Brzezinski, an Atlantic Council senior fellow who served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for Europe and NATO Policy from 2001 to 2005.

 

“There is a tendency in the alliance to focus on vision statements and plans that are 10 years out. They sound good, they make you feel good and you don’t have to do anything about them for several years,” Brzezinski said.

 

While the three big-ticket items are important, they are either long-term projects or, in the case of Baltic air policing, something NATO has been doing for some time, Brzezinski said.

 

“NATO publics need to see an alliance that’s credible and they’re not going to find as persuasive 10-year visions as they will practical projects that can be accomplished tomorrow,” Brzezinski said.

 

For this reason, he said he’d like to see greater emphasis placed on the less glamorous, but more practical projects, which include joint procurement of armored ambulances and communications equipment, the establishment of joint logistics hubs for armored personnel carriers, and joint training facilities.

Measured Expectations

 

While some NATO watchers would like to see more dramatic statements of commitment come out of Chicago, most expectations remain modest.

 

The Obama administration is hoping for few surprises, said Mark Jacobson, who served from 2009 to 2011 at the NATO International Security Assistance Force Headquarters in Kabul. “The idea is: ‘Let’s get through this and push things along.’”

 

Unlike the last summit in Lisbon in 2010, Chicago is not “an ideas summit,” Jacobson said.

 

The 2012 summit also is not about inviting new countries to join NATO, such as the 2008 summit in Bucharest.

 

However, while it may have started out as simply an “implementation summit,” a time for leaders to take stock of progress and chart out near-term plans, the Chicago summit is shaping into something a little more.

 

There is awareness that given the recent changes in the world, from the Arab Spring to the sovereign debt crisis in Europe, that NATO has to take these changes into account as it considers its future, Flanagan said

 

Brzezinski said he viewed the summit as an important opportunity for the United States and Europe to reaffirm their commitments to each other.

 

He said he is troubled by what he sees as disengagement on both sides of the Atlantic: the United States looking to Asia and Europe looking inward.

 

“If the Europeans don’t sign on for a serious plan for sustaining their defense commitment in tight fiscal times, and if it seems as if the alliance is running for the exits in Afghanistan, then it is going to have damaging consequences for the alliance,” Flanagan said.

 

However, it will bode well if the basic transition timetable in Afghanistan is reaffirmed and countries make a good faith effort on Smart Defense, making it more than just a passing slogan, he said.

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