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4 octobre 2011 2 04 /10 /octobre /2011 12:15

nato

 

October 4, 2011 John D. Banusiewicz / American Forces Press Service  - defpro.com

 

WASHINGTON | NATO defense ministers will discuss operations in Libya, Afghanistan and Kosovo, as well as the need for the alliance to increase its capabilities, when they meet in Brussels later this week, Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said Oct. 3.

 

Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta will join his NATO counterparts at the alliance’s headquarters for the discussions.

 

At a news conference previewing the ministerial conference, Rasmussen called NATO’s effort to protect civilians in Libya “a great success.”

 

“The United Nations Security Council called for action,” he said. “NATO decided to respond. We put together a complete package of measures by air and sea to protect the people of Libya. And we are near to successfully completing that task.

Operation Unified Protector has done what we said it would do. We have kept our commitment to the United Nations, to the region, and to the Libyan people.”

 

The NATO defense ministers and their International Security Assistance Force partners will meet to discuss the “significant progress” that has taken place in Afghanistan since they last met, the secretary general said.

 

“Transition is fully on track, and we will not allow insurgents to derail it,” he said. “Already, Afghan forces are providing lead security for a quarter of the population. I expect the next stage of transition to be announced soon, and I expect it to be substantial. And at the same time, our military authorities assess that the insurgency has been weakened overall.”

 

Noting that insurgents continue to launch spectacular attacks to create the perception that violence is on the rise in Afghanistan, Rasmussen acknowledged that levels of violence are a concern. “However,” he added, “our commanders are confident that security incidents initiated by insurgent groups are lower than last year.”

 

About a year ago, he said, NATO officials said the situation in Afghanistan’s Helmand province would get worse before it got better as the alliance focused its efforts there.

 

“Now, we are seeing the results of our efforts,” Rasmussen said. “Attacks since June are significantly lower than last year. In fact, some districts in central Helmand have seen reductions in violence of nearly 80 percent. So our strategy is working, and we should concentrate on the competence of the Afghan security forces in dealing with attacks. That will remain our focus as we complete transition by the end of 2014 --– and as we continue to stand with the Afghan people after 2014.”

 

Recent events in Kosovo, Rasmussen said, have provided “sharp reminders of how quickly tensions can arise and how important NATO’s mission remains.” On Sept. 27, ethnic Serbs and NATO forces clashed at a disputed border crossing, and four NATO peacekeepers were injured by pipe bombs.

 

“[NATO’s Kosovo Force] is there to maintain a safe and secure environment for all the people of Kosovo, regardless of their ethnicity,” the secretary general said. “And we will continue to do so --– firmly, carefully and impartially, in full compliance with our United Nations mandate.

 

“That is what our troops have been doing for the last 12 years, at considerable risk to their own safety,” he continued. “NATO forces will always use the minimum force necessary, but they have the right to self-defense. That is what they did on Sept. 27.”

 

 

Also on the defense ministers’ agenda, Rasmussen said, is a discussion focused on building the alliance’s capabilities.

 

“My message is clear: improving our capabilities is not only necessary -- it's vital,” he said. “We have to spend on priorities, and spend together, by funding projects that will improve security for all.”

 

NATO operations in Libya and Afghanistan have shown, for example, that the allies must continue to improve their drone, intelligence and refueling capabilities, he said, adding that the alliance cannot rely on a single ally to provide for those needs.

 

In addition, the secretary general said, NATO is considering a wide range of projects to protect its troops and to make better use of available resources.

 

Rasmussen noted that Poland, Romania and Turkey have agreed to host key elements of NATO’s missile defense system, and that he expects to declare at the alliance’s May summit in Chicago that the system has attained interim operational capability.

 

“There are many different examples, but the bottom line is this: no capability, no operation,” he said. “If we want NATO to remain credible, we have to be able to act. And if we want to be able to act, we have to keep and acquire the capabilities to act. I will be encouraging ministers to identify projects their nations would be willing to lead in the coming months, and I will ask them all for their commitment to making these projects a reality as we head toward our Chicago summit.”

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4 octobre 2011 2 04 /10 /octobre /2011 12:00

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BRUXELLES, 3 octobre – RIA Novosti

 

Le système de défense antimissile européen de l'Otan devient graduellement une réalité, a annoncé lundi aux journalistes le secrétaire général de l'Alliance Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

 

"Étape par étape, la défense antimissile territoriale de l'Otan devient une réalité. Et je prévois qu'à Chicago (lieu du sommet de l'Otan qui se tiendra en mai 2012 - ndlr) nous déclarerons une capacité «intérimaire» (de défense antimissile)", a indiqué le responsable lors d'un point-presse à Bruxelles.

 

Le secrétaire a salué les traités sur le déploiement de futurs éléments du bouclier antimissile, récemment conclus entre les Etats-Unis d'une part et la Pologne, la Roumanie et la Turquie de l'autre.

 

Les Etats-Unis envisagent de déployer de 2015 à 2020 une troisième zone de positionnement de leur système de défense antimissile en Europe. Moscou s'oppose à ce projet, considérant que la mise en place d'un bouclier antimissile à proximité de ses frontières menace le potentiel stratégique russe.

 

Les Etats-Unis ont déjà conclu des traités sur le déploiement d'éléments du bouclier avec plusieurs pays européens, dont la Pologne (signé en août 2008), la Roumanie et la Turquie (septembre 2011).

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4 octobre 2011 2 04 /10 /octobre /2011 06:45

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MOSCOU, 3 octobre - RIA Novosti

 

Les ministres de la Défense de l'Otan et leur homologue russe se réuniront les 5 et 6 octobre à Bruxelles, a annoncé lundi lors d'une conférence de presse au siège de RIA Novosti le représentant permanent de la Russie auprès de l'Alliance, Dmitri Rogozine.

 

"Des événements assez importants ont lieu ces jours-ci, dont la première réunion après l'été des ambassadeurs du Conseil Russie-Otan et la rencontre informelle des ministres de la Défense des pays membres de l'Alliance, prévue mercredi et jeudi", a-t-il indiqué.

 

"Nous nous trouvons sur le seuil d'événements très importants - près d'un an s'est écoulé depuis le sommet Russie-Otan tenu à Lisbonne et il est temps de dresser le premier bilan et de voir ce que nous avons réussi à faire", a poursuivi le responsable.

 

La réunion Russie-Otan au niveau des ambassadeurs s'est tenue le 28 septembre.

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4 octobre 2011 2 04 /10 /octobre /2011 06:30

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BRUSSELS, October 3 (RIA Novosti)

 

NATO's missile shield for Europe is gradually becoming a reality, the alliance's Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said on Monday.

 

Rasmussen said Poland, Romania and Turkey had already agreed to deploy key components of the future missile defense network on their territories and he was expecting more contributions to the European missile shield in the near future.

 

"Step by step NATO's territorial missile defense is becoming a reality. I expect that in Chicago [where a NATO summit is planned for 2012] we will declare an interim operational capability," Rasmussen told reporters in Brussels.

 

Russia is insisting on a joint system with full-scale interoperability to ensure that NATO's system will not be directed against Moscow. The alliance, however, favors two independent systems which exchange information.

 

U.S. Ambassador to Moscow John Beyrle said in an interview with Russian business daily Kommersant on Monday that Russia and the United States will sign an agreement on the information exchange system of the European missile shield during the NATO summit in Chicago.

 

The ambassador said the information exchange system will include an exchange of technology as well as two command centers aimed at tracking missile launches all over the world and analyzing possible threats.

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4 octobre 2011 2 04 /10 /octobre /2011 05:55

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30/09/2011 EMA

 

Le 18 septembre 2011, l’amiral italien Filippo Maria Foffi, commandant le Task Group 455.01 (volet naval de l’opération de l’OTAN en Libye) a convié l’amiral Jean-Baptiste Dupuis, commandant la Task Force 473 (force aéro-maritime de l’opération Harmattan, placée sous contrôle opérationnel français) sur le bâtiment de transport de chalands de débarquement italien San Giusto.

 

L’amiral français a, en retour, reçu l’autorité italienne sur le bâtiment de projection et de commandement (BPC) Tonnerre le 23 septembre 2011.

 

Le TG 455.01 compte 12 bâtiments, y compris un aviso français, appartenant à 9 nations alliées. Leur principale mission est la mise en œuvre de l’embargo sur les armes prévu par la résolution 1973 des Nations-Unies. « La zone côtière libyenne s’étend sur 1800 km. Son contrôle passe essentiellement par une surveillance du trafic commercial et des flux humanitaires », rappelle l’amiral Foffi.

 

Pour éviter toute activité illicite, chaque bateau ou embarcation qui entre ou sort des eaux libyennes est contrôlé. « Depuis fin mars, plus de 3000 embarcations ont été interrogées par nos bâtiments, intervient le capitaine de vaisseau Vincenzo Montanaro, chef d’état-major du TG 455.01. Avec les transports humanitaires, qui représentent trois à dix bateaux par semaine, nous avons développé une méthode d’identification simplifiée, pour qu’ils puissent travailler sans délai et que nous nous concentrions sur les autres flux ». Au total, du bateau de pêche au cargo, 300 embarcations ont été « visitées » par le TG 455.01.

 

Le TG 455.01 comprend aussi 3 chasseurs de mines, qui passent au crible l’ensemble du littoral libyen, dont certaines zones sont susceptibles d’avoir été minées par les forces pro-Kadhafi.

 

Le volet maritime d’Unified Protector est exemplaire de ce que savent faire, ensemble, les marines de l’OTAN. En revanche, comme le souligne l’amiral Foffi, la coordination avec les opérations aériennes a constitué « un véritable défi, car l’espace aérien est partagé par de nombreuses voilures comme des avions de chasse et de patrouilles maritimes, des drones, des hélicoptères, engagées sur des missions différentes ». « Les capacités et les missions de chacun étaient connues. Une fois les procédures de liaison mises en place, les solutions se sont donc trouvées d’elles-mêmes » ajoute-t-il.

 

Par ailleurs, l’amiral Foffi a exprimé sa satisfaction quant à l’efficacité opérationnelle de l’aviso français LV Lavallée, placé sous son contrôle opérationnel. Il a également loué le concours apporté à tous les bâtiments engagés au large de la Libye par le pétrolier ravitailleur Marne. Comme pour illustrer son propos, au même moment la Marne effectuait deux ravitaillements de carburant au profit d’un bâtiment turc et d’un bâtiment britannique, à quelques nautiques de là.

 

Une étroite coopération entre la TF 473 française et le Task Group 455.01 de l’OTAN était primordiale. « Les opérations sous contrôle opérationnel national et celles contrôlées par l’Otan travaillent pour la même mission. De l’embargo maritime aux frappes sur des objectifs militaires au sol, nos actions sont parfaitement complémentaires car elles poursuivent un même objectif, celui de protéger les populations », rappelle l’amiral Dupuis.

 

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3 octobre 2011 1 03 /10 /octobre /2011 17:30

nato

 

Oct. 03, 2011 defense-unmanned.com

(Source: NATO; issued Sept. 30, 2011)

 

It might look like a flying saucer, but the metal disk sitting in the water could prove to be a step forward in protecting the environment as well as civilian or military assets under the sea. The small craft, known as an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), is used to carry specialised sonar equipment in a NATO-led research project that is the first of its kind.

 

Scientists at NATO’s Undersea Research Centre (NURC), based in La Spezia, Italy, have been working with private oil companies and partners to develop this sonar technology in the hope that it can be used to prevent underwater leaks as well as protect ports and military assets from mines. The AUV is used to drive the InSAS (Interferometric Synthetic Sonar Aperture) equipment around underwater for days at a time, capturing environmental information from prototype sensors placed at intervals on the seabed.

 

Images taken over weeks, months and even years allow the scientists to measure and detect the minutest of changes in the marine environment. These changes could be due to landslides, erosion, fishing, oil/gas extraction or even hostile activities such as terrorist attacks.

 

“It can therefore be used for commercial application – such as oil, gas and environmental protection – and military applications including port and asset protection, detection of mines and marine improvised explosive devices,” explains Edoardo Bovio, NURC Business Development Manager.

 

Capturing the marine environment

 

“The project addresses the long-term monitoring of the seafloor in shallow waters in order to detect possible bathymetric changes – changes to the depth of the ocean floor – along a time line,” says Bovio.

 

The special sonar capturing equipment known as “InSAS” (Interfermoetric Synthetic Sonar Aperture), can process both high-resolution spatial images as well as accurately estimating bathymetry by using special reflectors placed on the seabed. Testing of the InSAS equipment has been taking place since 2008 in Italy in a Cinque Terre marine park. The rugged coastline is protected from fishing activities which could disturb measurements.

 

“The AUV travels in the water along predetermined tracks transmitting low power acoustic signals at high frequency so that it does not affect marine life,” explains Bovio who joined the NURC in 1980 after graduating and working as an electrical engineer. “Due to the extremely accurate navigation of the vehicle, it is possible to repeat the measurement at fixed time intervals (weeks, months, years) and co-register the images in order to detect any modification to the environment.”

 

Innovative design

 

The reflectors designed by the NURC team are shaped like cones so that they can be seen on sonar imaging from all directions when placed on the ocean floor. Although the 20-strong project team suffered initial problems with wire corrosion as well as deployment and recovery of the reflectors, the new cone reflectors have since provided detailed and accurate readings of their surroundings. This is the first time the seabed has been mapped and monitored in this way.

 

The success of the project, which was funded by a major oil company, means the work of the NURC will continue to be at the global forefront of undersea research. “The InSAS project was an excellent occasion for NURC to emphasize and make more profound its core competences in at-sea-operations, AUV operations for acoustic measurements, SAS and InSAS acoustic data processing and design of sonar reflectors with specific characteristics,” says Bovio. “This ability is quite unique and is applicable to many civilian fields as well as military.”

 

Science and technology at NATO

 

The NURC is one of NATO’s Science & Technology bodies, in which scientists and engineers from nations across the Alliance and its partners come together to work on solutions for NATO’s most pressing current and future maritime capability requirements.

 

“This capability has adapted regularly to changing requirements and new technologies such that the Centre currently is focused in robotics and multi-autonomous platform behaviors in the maritime environment and their application to maritime warfare areas, abilities that have relevance in all domains,” explains the NURC Director, Dr Dirk Tielbuerger.

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3 octobre 2011 1 03 /10 /octobre /2011 06:25

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September 30th, 2011 MDAA SOURCE: Xinhua

 

BRUSSELS, Sept. 30 (Xinhua) — NATO leaders will announce an interim operational capability for the military alliance’s missile defense system in Europe at Chicago summit in May, 2012, the head of NATO said on Friday.

 

“Poland, Romania and Turkey have already agreed to host key elements of this system. And my goal for Chicago is that we declare an interim operational capability for NATO’s territorial missile defense. We will then be able to receive early warning of missile launches directed against us,” Anders Fogh Rasmussen said during a think tank breakfast meeting.

 

The NATO chief reiterated that NATO would seek cooperation with Russia to build “two different missile defense systems with the same purpose.”

 

“Cooperation on missile defense makes sense militarily, because it renders both our systems more effective. And it makes sense politically, because it demonstrates that our missile defense is not directed against Russia,” he said.

 

However, NATO’s vision on missile defense cooperation has been rejected by Russia that warned NATO’s moves would undermine its nuclear deterrent, upset the balance of power and trigger a new arms race in Europe.

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1 octobre 2011 6 01 /10 /octobre /2011 07:25
NATO Sec Gen Calls for More EDA-NATO Cooperation

30 Sep 2011 By JULIAN HALE DefenseNews

 

BRUSSELS - NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen called for greater cooperation between NATO and the European Defence Agency (EDA) to reduce costly duplication of effort.

 

Speaking at a European Policy Centre event here Sept. 30 looking ahead to the alliance's Chicago summit next year, Rasmussen said that "in a time of economic austerity and in a long-term perspective, we should avoid duplication and waste of money. We should coordinate and merge some projects."

 

Asked how industry could help, he said that "military equipment is becoming more and more expensive" and that "industry could help by ensuring prices don't rise so fast."

 

He also said opening up defense markets, as the European Commission is trying to do with a new European Union defense procurement directive, could help.

 

Complicated political problems prevented agreements on EU-NATO security arrangements in theater, he said, and these were generally resolved on "an ad hoc basis." The EU and NATO can only officially consult on Bosnia and cannot discuss Afghanistan, Libya and Kosovo operations, he said. "We know that the Cyprus dispute is at the origin of this and don't expect rapid progress on this," he said.

 

He urged Russia to "cooperate actively" in NATO's missile defense shield project. Specifically, he said he envisages a NATO and a Russian missile defense system with two joint centers through which data could be exchanged and joint threat assessments produced.

 

"We have no intention to attack Russia and I don't think Russia intends to attack us," he said, referring to a 1997 agreement in which both sides agreed not to use force against each other. He went on to describe a NATO-Russia summit at Chicago in 2012 as "an option" but that depends on "real substance and concrete results to deliver."

 

Regarding out-of-area operations, he said NATO had "no intention to intervene in Syria or other countries." In the case of Libya, there was a U.N. mandate and strong support from the region for NATO action, he said, but "neither condition was fulfilled for Syria or any other country."

 

NATO's core purpose is territorial defense of its member states, he said, but it "stands ready to protect our territories and populations if conflicts emerge."

 

Cyberspace is clearly emerging as a growing NATO priority.

 

"Defense of our territories may start beyond our territories, even in cyberspace," he said. On Sept. 20, NATO's Command, Control and Communications Agency launched a 28 million euro ($37.7 million) call for cyberdefense procurement. Rasmussen referred to cyberdefense and strategic transport as being among the priorities to be unveiled in his proposals for pooling and sharing among NATO countries, known as his "smart defense package."

 

Cybersecurity, he said, might be an area where NATO would consult with partner countries with specific expertise and which share the same security concerns. "This will be done on an ad hoc basis," he said.

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1 octobre 2011 6 01 /10 /octobre /2011 06:05

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BRUSSELS, September 30 (RIA Novosti)

 

A NATO-Russia summit could be held next year in Chicago if the parties can agree on a substantive agenda, Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said on Friday.

 

No decision has been taken yet, however, he said, adding that he would like "to make progress on the NATO-Russia track."

Missile defense was a key issue, he said.

 

"Cooperation on missile defense makes sense militarily - because it renders both our systems more effective. And it makes sense politically -- because it demonstrates that our missile defense is not directed against Russia."

 

Rasmussen reiterated NATO's two-system idea:

 

"By cooperating with Russia, we can build two different missile defense systems with the same purpose: to tackle new threats and old suspicions at the same time."

 

Russia and NATO agreed to cooperate on the so-called European missile shield during the NATO-Russia Council summit in Lisbon in November 2010.

 

NATO insists there should be two independent systems that exchange information, while Russia favors a joint system with full-scale interoperability.

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30 septembre 2011 5 30 /09 /septembre /2011 20:45

nato

 

2011-09-30 CRIOnline.com – xinhua

 

Le système de défense antimissile de l'OTAN en Europe, actuellement en construction, devrait atteindre une première capacité opérationnelle, dite "intérimaire", qui sera annoncée à l'occasion du sommet de l'alliance Atlantique prévu en mai 2012 à Chicago (Etats-Unis) a indiqué vendredi le secrétaire général de l'OTAN, Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

 

"La Pologne, la Roumanie et la Turquie ont déjà accepté d'accueillir des éléments clés de ce système. Et mon but pour (le sommet de) Chicago, c'est que nous déclarons une capacité opérationnelle intérimaire pour la défense antimissile territoriale de l'OTAN", a déclaré M. Rasmussen, lors d'un petit-déjeuner débat organisé par un groupe de réflexion à Bruxelles.

 

"Nous serons alors en mesure de disposer de systèmes d'alerte précoce en prévision du lancement de missiles contre nous", a-t-il ajouté.

 

Le chef de l'OTAN a également réitéré que l'alliance Atlantique chercherait la coopération avec la Russie en vue de mettre en place "deux différents systèmes de défense antimissile avec le même objectif".

 

"La coopération sur la défense militaire fait penser sur le plan militaire, parce qu'elle rend à la fois nos systèmes plus efficaces. Et elle fait penser sur le plan politique, car elle démontre que notre défense antimissile n'est pas dirigée contre la Russie", a affirmé M. Rasmussen.

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30 septembre 2011 5 30 /09 /septembre /2011 06:50

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Photo: DoD

 

Sep 29, 2011 By Amy Butler aerospace daily and defense report

 

NATO missile defense officials are awaiting approval of a plan to lay out guidance for unified alliance missile defense in advance of a key interim operational capability declaration for the system slated for May.

 

The North Atlantic Council is reviewing this plan, which includes weapons release authority, contingency response, rules of engagement and weapons control status guidelines, says U.S. Air Force Gen. Mark Welsh, who oversees American air forces in Europe. He says approval is needed by December to conduct proper testing in advance of the May milestone. Welsh is confident that with the North Atlantic Council’s approval, the interim operational capability goal is achievable.

 

This interim capability encompasses the exchange of data between the disparate command-and-control systems operated by NATO and the U.S.

 

“We have done data transfer of all types. We have worked email — which sounds minor but isn’t — [but] we have not done active voice testing yet across the system. That is the next set along with the [Internet] chat,” Welsh tells Aviation Week. “We are very close to being able to transfer an air tasking order and an airspace coordination order for missile defense across this system.”

 

This coordination order provides guidance to forces on which systems and shooters operate in which airspace areas; it also outlines which terminal engagement systems are responsible for acting in the event of an attack.

 

Welsh acknowledges that the interim milestone planned for May is one of many steps needed to stand up a NATO missile defense in Europe. “We are at step zero right now trying to build this; the first step is connectivity . ... We still have to prove that,” Welsh says. “The next step is once we do have that, we will have a very small capability to actually intercept and destroy an incoming missile.”

 

Declaration of an initial operational capability was originally planned for 2014-15, with full operational capability to follow in 2018. The general acknowledges these dates are up for debate now at NATO. But “we are not far off” that plan, he says.

 

An actual flight test pitting a German Patriot terminal defense battery against a short-range missile target is scheduled for November. During the trial, which will take place in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, a U.S. Aegis cruiser will provide target tracking.

 

Another area of focus is improving intelligence-sharing among the NATO countries. While Welsh says the alliance can conduct rudimentary tracking of a missile if launched from specific locations on specific flight paths, he notes that NATO and U.S. leaders lack a common intelligence assessment. This is needed to underpin alert and weapons status.

 

Beyond improved command-and-control connectivity and intelligence-sharing, Welsh says that the alliance needs to add more sensors and interceptors to the system. NATO countries are now sorting out burden-sharing for the missile-defense mission. “The cost of this terrifies the countries,” Welsh says. However, he suggests that nations approach parsing out capabilities in a holistic way.

 

He outlines four “pillars” for missile defense: active defense (intercepting a missile); passive defense (warnings to populations and consequence management); offensive operations (including preventing a launch and/or striking a launch site); and command and control.

 

“There are lots of things they can do if they would look at things with a little bit broader scope than they have,” Welsh says. “Many of the nations can contribute in [various] ways, for example, in offensive operations. Many nations have capabilities that would allow us to go in and strike a missile site before it launches an attack, if NATO ever made that decision.”

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29 septembre 2011 4 29 /09 /septembre /2011 07:20

http://www.aviationweek.com/media/images/defense_images/Miscellaneous/MisDefNato_Luftwaffe.jpg 

Photo: Luftwaffe

 

Sep 28, 2011 By Amy Svitak - aerospace daily and defense report

 

PARIS — NATO has awarded a contract worth €2.5 million ($3.36 million) to a U.S.-led industry team to define the first steps of a plan that would expand NATO’s theater missile defense system to form a broader shield over the alliance’s territory and population in Europe, as well as for deployed forces.

 

The industry team, led by McLean, Va.-based Science Applications International Corp., comprises EADS Astrium of France, IABG of Germany, Selex SI of Italy, TNO of the Netherlands, U.K.-based Qinetiq and the British arm of Raytheon. Work under the yearlong effort is to be performed at the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency in The Hague.

 

“The results will then be taken forward for implementation in the NATO command and control network to broaden the capabilities of the NATO commander well beyond those demonstrated recently in missile defense testing between the United States and NATO elements last month,” the international organization said in a Sept. 20 statement.

 

Alessandro Pera, program manager for the NATO Active Layered Theater Ballistic Missile Defense program office, says the expanded missile defense shield would defend Europe against what NATO views as a growing threat posed by ballistic missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. “We will work as a team with our industry and national partners, in close consultation with both the NATO military and relevant NATO committees, to ensure we get the job done.”

 

The NATO contract follows a November 2010 decision at the Lisbon Summit to provide the alliance with an additional layer of capability to protect Europe.

 

Astrium Space Transportation, the prime contractor for France’s missile defense program, has already proposed a plan to validate the underlying technology for a €1 billion missile defense system dubbed Exoguard. The unsolicited proposal aims to achieve the flight test of an in-space interceptor around mid-decade at a cost of €225 million.

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29 septembre 2011 4 29 /09 /septembre /2011 07:00

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MOSCOW, September 28 (RIA Novosti)

 

The Netherlands will contribute to the NATO missile shield to protect Europe against missile attacks from countries such as Iran, the NRC Handelsblad newspaper said.

 

The Defense Ministry has approved a 250 million euro program to modernize the air-defense radar system and frigates for the sea-based defense system, the paper said.

 

The system will allow missiles to be spotted and tracked, NATO officials say.

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28 septembre 2011 3 28 /09 /septembre /2011 17:00

nato

 

September 28, 2011 defpro.com

 

September 27th, General Simeon Simeonov, Chief of Defence of the Republic of Bulgaria, and Admiral Samuel J. Locklear III, USN, Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples, signed a Declaration for concluding the Program for Integration of BU Armed Forces into NATO.

 

"The Declaration we signed today is a confirmation that Bulgaria has accomplished the Integration Plan objectives. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria have gone through a period of comprehensive transformation. We have brought our regulations and procedures in line with those of NATO," Defence Chief General Simeon Simeonov said in his address. He emphasized that the experience gathered by the Bulgarian Army will be of great importance to future joint activities and cooperation.

 

"The Bulgarian declared units have gone through intensive training in order to achieve interoperability with NATO forces. The certification and affirmation process has proved their readiness to participate in NATO operations. During the last several years the Bulgarian Armed Forces managed to create a pool of sufficient number of evaluators capable of conducting both national certification and NATO affirmation. Their experience is of great importance to our efforts to enhance the training of the Bulgarian declared units and make it more efficient and effective. With these units, as part of a single set of forces, Bulgaria has been successfully participating in NATO, UN and EU operations," General Simeonov added.

 

In turn, Admiral Samuel J. Locklear III, USN, Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples, said, "You have demonstrated the requisite operational capabilities necessary for inclusion in the NATO Force Structure and Integrated Air Defense System. We are honored to sign the "Declaration on the Bulgarian Armed Forces' Integration into NATO"," emphasized Admiral Locklear. "We are confident that the affirmation of Bulgarian units and their addition to the NATO Pool of Forces will increase the Alliance's operational capability and significantly contribute to regional and global security," Admiral Locklear pointed out.

 

Earlier today, Defence Minister Anu Anguelov met with Admiral Samuel J. Locklear III, USN, Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples. Minister Anguelov underlined that the accomplishment of the objectives of integration and interoperability of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria into NATO is a result of the good interaction we have had for many years now. He introduced his guest to the documents, recently adopted by the National Assembly: the new National Defence Strategy, the White Paper on Defence, as well as with the Plan for the Development of the Armed Forces, elaborated on the basis of the Defence Strategy and the White Paper. Admiral Samuel J. Locklear III thanked our country for the participation of the Bulgarian military in ISAF, the deployment of the Drazki frigate to support the embargo of Libya, and the conduct of the annual Exercise BREEZE, which has improved interoperability among NATO units in the Black Sea.

 

Admiral Samuel J. Locklear III, USN, Commander, Allied Joint Force Command Naples was received earlier today with full military honors at the Monument of the Unknown Soldier.

 

• The full text of the addresses of General Simeonov can be found at http://goo.gl/9FjON (PDF, 81KB).

 

• The full text of the addresses of Admiral Samuel J. Locklear can be found at http://goo.gl/ACdF6 (PDF, 89KB).

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28 septembre 2011 3 28 /09 /septembre /2011 11:35
Libya Operations Remain Fluid, NATO Official Says

September 28, 2011 Army Sgt. 1st Class Tyrone C. Marshall Jr. - American Forces Press Service / defpro.com

 

WASHINGTON | NATO’s decision to extend the alliance’s mission in Libya shows its work there is not yet done, a NATO spokeswoman said Sept. 27.

 

NATO’s North Atlantic Council extended Operation Unified Protector by 90 days during a meeting in New York last week that coincided with a meeting of the U.N. General Assembly.

 

“In New York, the message was clear: a new day is dawning for Libya, and the international community is rallying around the new Libya,” Oana Lungescu told reporters during a briefing at the alliance’s headquarters in Brussels.

 

Lungescu reiterated NATO’s commitment to the Libyan people.

 

“Our job under the mandate of the United Nations and in support of the Libyan people is not yet done,” she said. “The situation remains fluid. And while threats persist, NATO will continue to protect civilians together with our partners, under the mandate confirmed by the recent United Nations Security Council Resolution 2009.”

 

Lungescu also reiterated NATO’s intention to continue its work while maintaining oversight of when to end its mission. “The mission will continue as long as it is necessary, but end as soon as possible,” she said. “We also decided to keep the situation under regular review, and that means that the North Atlantic Council can terminate the operation at any time and as soon as possible, in coordination with the United Nations and the will and aspirations of the Libyan people.”

 

Col. Roland Lavoie of the Canadian air force, military spokesman for Operation Unified Protector, discussed operations against remaining forces in the country loyal to Moammar Gadhafi.

 

“Recent developments in Surt and Bani Walid have been our main area of attention over the last few days,” he said. “Indeed, it’s clear that remaining Gadhafi forces refuse to recognize their defeat and that the former regime has lost both legitimacy and public support.

 

“As a last resort,” he continued, “they are hiding in urban areas, from where they attempt to control the surrounding population and use civilians as shields against attempts [by forces of Libya’s transitional government] to dislodge them.”

 

Lavoie cited signs of the “worsening situation” in Surt and Bani Walid. “Availability of drinking water, food resupply, electricity, medicine and fuel is severely impeded, which puts an enormous pressure on the civilian population,” he said.

 

“Numerous checkpoints and surrounding sniper positions are being used to prevent families from moving to safer locations,” Lavoie added, “and Gadhafi forces, mercenaries and Gadhafi supporters roam the streets taking hostages and conducting executions.”

 

Lavoie also said Gadhafi forces are turning away neutral humanitarian aid, “which is appalling and senseless, as this gives Gadhafi forces no military advantage at all.”

 

The military spokesman said National Transitional Council forces have seen some success in recent days.

 

“On a more positive note, the NTC forces have opened a line of communication in the northwest coastal area last weekend, which has allowed thousands to escape from that route,” he said. “This life-saving operation resulted in NTC casualties, but allowed many to escape a very tough, if not to say dire, situation.”

 

Lavoie also said transitional government forces have gained control of Libya’s remaining stockpile of chemical and nuclear-related agents.

 

“We are confident that allies in international organizations that are in contact with the NTC are working to ensure that Libya’s governing authorities can take full control of any proliferation sensitive material that is left and that they start planning for their safe disposal,” he said.

 

Lavoie stressed that NATO will continue to monitor ground conditions and safeguard civilians as mandated by the Security Council resolution.

 

“Operation Unified Protector is not over yet,” he said. “We are committed to pursuing it to protect the population of Libya for as long as necessary, but not any longer.”

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27 septembre 2011 2 27 /09 /septembre /2011 16:30
Colloque : Regards croisés franco-russes sur 30 ans d'intervention en Afghanistan
 
 

26 septembre 2011 mars-attaque.blogspot.com

 
Ce vendredi, le 30 septembre 2011, se tiendra un colloque dont la teneur s'annonce particulièrement instructive. Il étudiera la vision comparée française et russe des interventions successives en Afghanistan depuis 1979. Il se tiendra de 16h à 20h à l'Institut de la Démocratie et de la Coopération, 63bis rue de Varenne à Paris dans le 7ème arrondissement.
Programme
 
16H00 – 16H10 : Présentation du colloque par Romain BESSONNET, secrétaire général du Cercle Aristote.
 
16H10 – 16H30 : Introduction générale par Natalia NAROTCHNITSKAYA, présidente de l'IDC.
 
16H30 – 17H00 : Meriadec RAFFRAY, historien de formation, officier de réserve, journaliste, secrétaire général de l'Association des Journalistes de Défense.
 
17H00 – 17H30 : Omar Mohammad NESSAR, directeur du Centre pour l'Étude de l'Afghanistan Contemporaine de Moscou, rédacteur en chef du site www.afghanistan.ru.
 
17H30 – 18H00 : Natalia BURLINOVA, candidate en sciences politiques, experte de la fondation de la perspective historique.
 
18H00 – 18H30 : Vladimir TOZZI, ancien officier de la DRM, spécialiste du renseignement.
 
18H30 – 19H00 : Georges-Henri BRICET des VALLONS, chercheur en science politique et analyste Défense à l'Institut Choiseul.
 
19H00 – 19H30 : Alexandre Alekseïevitch KNYAZEV, docteur en sciences historiques, chercheur à l'académie des sciences de Russie, journaliste.
 
19H30 – 19H50 : questions de la salle.
 
19H50 – 20H00 : Conclusion générale par Natalia NAROTCHNITSKAYA, présidente de l'IDC.
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27 septembre 2011 2 27 /09 /septembre /2011 11:40

http://en.rian.ru/images/16119/57/161195750.jpg

 

September 26th, 2011 MDAA

 

NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen expects Russia and NATO will agree on missile defense at the alliance’s summit in Chicago due May 20-21, 2012.

 

Announcing the dates of the summit, Rasmussen said NATO member states would possibly be able to declare interim operational capability of the missile shield during the event, and “this will be a significant step forward, because we have been discussing the development of a NATO-based missile defense system for many years.”

 

“He hopes to reach an agreement with Russia on missile-defense cooperation,” the NATO press service said.

 

Russia and NATO agreed to cooperate on European missile defense system at the Lisbon Summit in November 2010. Under a proposal put forward by President Dmitry Medvedev, Russia would be responsible for shooting down missiles aimed at NATO members but passing through Russia’s airspace or sector, with NATO members committing to protect Russia in a similar fashion.

 

NATO has refused to provide legally binding guarantees that its missiles would not be directed against Russia, which Moscow says is the only way to prevent a new arms race.

 

Russia has also threatened to withdraw from the New START treaty on cutting U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals in response to NATO’s stance, as well creating a new air and space defense system and enhancing its offensive potential at western borders to avert the possible missile threat.

 

SOURCE: RIA Novosti

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24 septembre 2011 6 24 /09 /septembre /2011 12:10

http://www.defensenews.com/pgf/stories86/helos-libya-315.JPG 

NATO helicopters carry French President Nicolas Sarkozy and British Prime Minister David Cameron after their press conference in Tripoli on Sept. 15. (Joseph Eid / AFP via Getty Images)

 

23 Sep 2011 By ANDREW CHUTER DefenseNews

 

LONDON - Improvisation, innovation and good luck, as well as military professionalism, enabled European and other governments to succeed in the Libyan campaign against Col. Moammar Gadhafi's regime, a leading British think tank has concluded.

 

In a report published Sept. 23 about the operations led by Britain and France, the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) said non-NATO forces were integrated into an improvised command structure operated through the alliance; surveillance and weapon systems were adapted and used in different ways; air-to-ground communications were minimal; and special forces played a key role even though the United Nations had explicitly ruled out their use.

 

Overall, the campaign could influence future NATO operations as the U.S. pulled out of combat operations at an early stage, although it continued to provide ISTAR assets in theater, RUSI said.

 

"The relationship between the U.S. and its other NATO partners is unlikely to remain unaffected by this crisis. Ambiguity over the command arrangements, the extensive back-up support that U.S. assets had to provide and the overt political splits in the alliance, even while it was acting as the military arm of the United Nations in enforcing Resolution 1973, saw NATO acting in a way it had never done before," the report said.

 

The think tank warned that if future NATO operations are as ambiguous and vulnerable as the Libyan operation, then bilateral and trilateral defense relations among key European players may loom much larger in the future than their commitment to NATO.

 

Michael Clarke, RUSI's director general, said that despite the military success, the operation has been a curious one both militarily and politically and will "offer many pointers for the future and will require careful analysis."

 

British Prime Minister David Cameron and French President Nicholas Sarkozy have emerged from the conflict "as accidental heroes in a civil war, justified - unlike most civil wars - on grounds of principle," Clarke said.

 

The report highlighted the contribution of special forces from outside NATO and said that Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan and principally Egypt all deployed inside Libya to train rebels and to serve other roles.

 

Britain, France and Italy also had special forces on the ground, and Bulgaria had a unit deployed for maritime duties, RUSI said.

 

The most notable development on the maritime front, given its growing global presence, was the involvement of China and its Navy, led by the frigate Xuzhou, said RUSI naval analyst Lee Willett.

 

Another notable development was that for the first time in recent history, a major coalition combat operation was conducted without the presence of a large-deck U.S. aircraft carrier, Willett said.

 

That suggests that even the U.S. Navy is struggling to meet its commitments, he said.

 

The Libyan campaign may reignite the carrier debate in the U.K. as well as raise renewed questions about future maritime surveillance capability following the axing of the Nimrod MRA4 aircraft, he said.

 

Both the air and maritime campaigns demonstrated the success of precision weapons but also their dependency on high-tech ISTAR technologies.

 

"Even in this case, however, ISTAR assets among the key allies were almost at full stretch. Their value in this operation has reopened the arguments around last year's [British] defense review since Britain was due to lose some of these ISTAR systems by 2015," the report said.

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23 septembre 2011 5 23 /09 /septembre /2011 16:35

http://en.rian.ru/images/16627/44/166274441.jpg

 

MOSCOW, September 23 (RIA Novosti)

 

The NATO-Russia Council will discuss US missile defense plans, as well as NATO operations in Kosovo, the Russian envoy to the North Atlantic alliance said on Friday.

 

The meeting will take place next Wednesday in Brussels, Dmitry Rogozin said.

 

Libya will be another issue on the agenda, he added.

 

"It's going to be a difficult conversation," Rogozin said in a Twitter comment.

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23 septembre 2011 5 23 /09 /septembre /2011 11:45

nato

 

September 23, 2011 defpro.com

 

NATO’s forthcoming summit in Chicago will take place on May 20-21, 2012, NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen announced during a visit to the United States.

 

“We'll have the next NATO summit in Chicago on May 20-21 next year. This will be an important summit, following up on the decisions taken at Lisbon last year, but also breaking new ground," the Secretary General said on the margins of the United Nations general Assembly in New York. NATO’s last summit was held in Lisbon in November 2010.

 

The full Chicago summit agenda has not yet been finalised, but NATO’s Enduring Partnership with Afghanistan - agreed in Lisbon - will be a key point. NATO-trained Afghan forces have begun to take the lead responsibility for security in the country, and that transition is on track to be completed in 2014.

 

The Chicago summit will make clear that, even after that date, NATO “will not leave Afghanistan behind: we'll stay committed, with a focus on continuing to train and educate Afghan security forces, to continue to improve their capacity,” Rasmussen said.

 

In Lisbon, NATO heads of state and government agreed to create a system to defend NATO European territories and populations against ballistic-missile threats, and to begin talks on possible missile-defence cooperation with Russia.

 

In Chicago, “I hope and expect we'll be able to declare interim operational capability. This will be a significant step forward, because we have been discussing the development of a NATO-based missile defence system for many many years,” the Secretary General said, adding that he hopes to reach an agreement with Russia on missile-defence cooperation at the same time.

 

The summit is also expected to agree on new ways for NATO nations to prioritise, specialise and share multinational projects so that they can keep and improve their security capabilities, even in times of economic austerity – an approach known as “Smart Defence”.

 

And Rasmussen said that he hopes to break new ground in NATO’s partnership with other countries and organisations, especially in North Africa and the Middle East – a partnership which plays an important role in the NATO-led operation to protect the people of Libya.

 

“There are many positive lessons learnt from our Libya operations. We'd also like to broaden the perspective and further strengthen these partnerships,” the Secretary General said.

 

The Chicago meeting will be the first NATO summit in the United States since 1999 when the Alliance celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in Washington.

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23 septembre 2011 5 23 /09 /septembre /2011 07:20

http://www.defpro.com/data/gfx/news/48b32cdbd701a49172f54a3e75d848ce71d93d1d_big.jpg

 

September 22, 2011 Daniel Goure, Ph.D. / Early Warning Blog, Lexington Institute – defpro.com

 

Could the EU collapse? Unthinkable! Impossible! Yet, that is what was being said just a few months ago about the possibility that Greece would default on its debt. Now, as Europe struggles to put together a second bailout package for that country, the conversation has increasingly focused not on how to save Greece -- and with it the Eurozone -- but when and how the default will happen. The consensus now is not only will Greece default but it will be messy. The unthinkable has become the base case.

 

A Greek default, albeit actually good for that country, will trigger a massive economic, political and existential crisis for the European Union (EU). A default will put enormous pressure on other weak European economies, particularly Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Italy. This will cause a crisis among the European banks. But more significantly, Europe will be faced with a choice: save the Euro or save the EU. There won't be the time to forge a true single fiscal and political union. The only way both to protect the viable economies of Northern and Central Europe and allow the weaker ones in the South a chance to recover is by the former group of countries to allow, even insist that, the latter group exit the Eurozone. This will fundamentally and irrevocably alter the character and purpose of the EU. In fact, should the economic contagion reach France, the EU will certainly collapse.

 

It is ironic that the Euro’s decline and the EU’s possible demise is likely to be a boon for NATO. Absent a strong and expanding EU, NATO will be the sole gravitational force exerting a cohesive influence across the continent. NATO already includes several countries who are not members of the EU; this number will grow significantly if a Euro crisis occurs.

 

Most important, NATO will have to stand guard over Europe during a time that may come to resemble economic and even politically the 1930s. NATO can help stabilize weak European governments under tremendous stress. It also can deter outside powers from seeking to take advantage of Europe's temporary weakness. Finally, NATO provides the best means for leveraging what is likely to be a shrinking stock of trans-Atlantic military capabilities.

 

Despite its contributions to the conflicts in Afghanistan and Libya, it has become fashionable in recent years in some circles to dismiss NATO as a quaint anachronism. It may well turn out that NATO will prove to be the most important US security relationship of the 21st Century.

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22 septembre 2011 4 22 /09 /septembre /2011 11:30

http://www.meretmarine.com/objets/500/33729.jpg

 

Un Tornado britannique

crédits : RAF

 

22/09/2011 MER et MARINE

 

Réuni hier à Bruxelles, le Conseil de l'Atlantique nord, rassemblant les ambassadeurs des Etats membres de l'OTAN, a décidé de prolonger de trois mois l'opération Unified Protector, qui devait s'achever le 27 septembre. Depuis le 31 mars, l'OTAN a pris le commandement des opérations militaires en Libye, menées dans le cadre de la résolution 1973 du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU. Alors que les combats se poursuivent contre les derniers bastions fidèles au colonel Kadhafi, les unités de l'Alliance demeurent mobilisées dans les airs et au large des côtes libyennes.

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22 septembre 2011 4 22 /09 /septembre /2011 07:25

nato

 

KIEV, Ukraine, September 21, 2011 /PRNewswire

 

Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Secrétaire général de l'OTAN, a invité l'Ukraine à participer à d'autres initiatives de l'OTAN, notamment à l'opération de lutte contre la piraterie Ocean Shield. M. Rasmussen a exprimé ce souhait à l'occasion d'une réunion avec le Président ukrainien Viktor Yanukovych à New York.

 

Pendant cette réunion, M. Rasmussen a félicité la coopération entre l'Ukraine et l'OTAN, à savoir la contribution de l'Ukraine aux missions de maintien de la paix de l'OTAN en Afghanistan et au Kosovo, et a invité l'Ukraine à participer à d'autres opérations de l'Alliance, dont Ocean Shield.  En réponse, le dirigeant ukrainien a déclaré que les intérêts de la nation ainsi que des citoyens individuels souffraient des attaques de pirates et que, par conséquent, lutter contre la piraterie s'inscrivait dans les meilleurs intérêts du pays.

 

Le Secrétaire général Anders Fogh Rasmussen a invité l'Ukraine à participer au prochain Sommet de l'OTAN en mai 2012 à Chicago.  M. Rasmussen a également invité le Président ukrainien à se rendre au siège de l'OTAN pour s'exprimer devant le Conseil de l'OTAN.

 

 Plus tôt cette année, l'Ukraine et les États-Unis se sont entendus sur la conduite d'exercices militaires en Ukraine, selon le Chef des Forces armées de l'Ukraine, le Colonel Général Hryhoriy Pedchenko. Ces exercices comprenaient "Sea Breeze" et "Rapid Trident", ainsi que trois autres séries de manœuvres militaires.

 

 En avril 2011, le Président ukrainien Viktor Yanukovych a approuvé le programme annuel sur la coopération Ukraine-OTAN pour 2011.  Ce programme énumère des tâches en matière de mise en œuvre de réformes démocratiques, d'amélioration de la législation ukrainienne, à savoir l'adoption de lois relatives au service électoral national et le développement d'une stratégie de lutte contre la corruption pour 2011-2014.

 

 L'Ukraine a commencé à ouvrir son dialogue avec l'OTAN durant la présidence de Leonid Kuchma (1994-2005) et son successeur, Victor Yushchenko (2005-2010) souhaite que l'Ukraine devienne membre de l'OTAN. Cependant, durant le sommet de l'OTAN de 2008 à Bucarest, l'alliance a décidé de ne pas offrir à l'Ukraine de Plan d'action pour l'adhésion (MAP).   L'Ukraine a donc conservé sont statut non aligné.  Dans la loi récemment votée sur la Politique intérieure et étrangère, signée par l'actuel Président Viktor Yanukovych, l'Ukraine poursuit son partenariat constructif avec l'OTAN.

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22 septembre 2011 4 22 /09 /septembre /2011 05:35

http://www.bruxelles2.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/HerculesLibye@It11.jpg 

Un Hercules italien (crédit : ministère italien de la Défense)

 

21 septembre 2011 par Nicolas Gros-Verheyde (BRUXELLES2)

 

L’opération de l’OTAN en Libye « Unified Protector » a été prolongée de 90 jours supplémentaires. C’est ce qu’on décidé les ambassadeurs de l’OTAN réunis aujourd’hui au sein du NAC (North Atlantic Council). « Ensemble avec nos partenaires, l’OTAN a remarquablement réussi à remplir le mandat des Nations-Unies. Mais tant que les menaces contre les civils persistent, nous continuerons à protéger ceux-ci, conformément au mandat confirmé unanimement dans la résolution 2009 du conseil de sécurité et à la demande du conseil national de transition » a précisé le secrétaire général de l’OTAN, A.F. Rasmussen à l’issue de la réunion.

 

Pas un jour de plus que nécessaire


« Nous sommes déterminés à poursuivre notre mission aussi longtemps que nécessaire mais prêts à terminer l’opération aussitôt que possible » a-t-il ajouté (*). C’est un message clair au peuple libyen. Nus serons là aussi longtemps que nécessaire. Mais pas un jour de plus, pendant que vous prendrez votre avenir en main pour  une transition sûre vers la Libye nouvelle. » La reconduction de 90 jours ne signifie pas en effet que la mission ne prendra fin que dans trois mois. Il s’agit de la « durée standard » pour la reconduction de la mission m’a précisé un connaisseur du dossier.

 

L’après mission


L’hypothèse d’une possible prolongation de l’action de l’OTAN dans la Libye nouvelle semble en revanche s’éloigner. L’Alliance avait – on s’en souvient -, commencé à étudier dès l’été une série d’options possibles pour son action dans le pays. Mais diverses conditions avaient aussi été placées par ses Etats membres notamment d’avoir une base juridique solide, si il y a une demande et en appui d’une autre mission (de l’ONU). Le déploiement d’une mission de casques bleus n’est pour l’instant plus d’actualité, ni envisagé côté international, ni demandé côté libyen. La présence d’une mission complémentaire de l’OTAN tombe donc.

(*) Traduction pro domo. « Together with our partners, NATO has been remarkably successful in fulfilling the mandate of the United Nations. But while threats to civilians persist, we will continue to protect them under the mandate confirmed unanimously in United Nations Security Council Resolution 2009, and at the request of the National Transition Council. We are determined to continue our mission for as long as necessary, but ready to terminate the operation as soon as possible. (…) This decision sends a clear message to the Libyan people. We will be there for as long as necessary, but not a day longer, while you take your future in your hands to ensure a safe transition to the new Libya.
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21 septembre 2011 3 21 /09 /septembre /2011 22:10

http://www.affaires-strategiques.info/local/cache-vignettes/L200xH267/visuel_200px-f9f4e.jpg

 

21 septembre .affaires-strategiques.info

 

Intervention du Général Vincent Desportes, Conseiller spécial du Président, Panhard General Defense

 

Je voudrais revenir aux fondamentaux de la stratégie et constater avec vous, à partir de quelques exemples, que le conflit afghan valide à nouveau des concepts stratégiques persistants, qui démontrent à chaque occasion leur pertinence, quel que soit le mépris qu’on puisse leur porter.

 

La première idée est celle de « la vie propre de la guerre » pour reprendre l’idée de Clausewitz. Dès que vous avez créé la guerre, la guerre devient un sujet et non pas un objet. Clausewitz évoque « la volonté indépendante de la guerre », les événements finissant par avoir leur dynamique propre. Elle a sa vie propre qui vous conduit, pour de nombreuses raisons, là où vous n’aviez pas prévu d’aller. L’exemple de l’Afghanistan est particulièrement frappant. La guerre commence le 7 octobre avec un objectif clair : faire tomber le pouvoir taliban à Kaboul et détruire le réseau d’Al-Qaïda en Afghanistan. En gros, l’objectif est atteint fin novembre 2007. Il y a alors moins de 2 000 militaires occidentaux au sol.

 

Dix ans après, les objectifs de guerre ont totalement changé et il y a presque 150 000 soldats déployés en Afghanistan. C’est ce que le général Beaufre résume d’une autre manière en parlant « du niveau instable des décisions politiques » ce qui amène les stratèges militaires à adopter des modes de guerre successifs qui s’avèrent contre-productifs par la suite.

 

Cette évolution afghane éclaire donc deux réalités éternelles de la guerre :

- toute guerre est marquée par une dérive de ses buts et, le plus souvent, une escalade des moyens

- les « fins dans la guerre » influent toujours sur les « fins de la guerre » pour reprendre les expressions si parlantes de Clausewitz

 

Deuxième idée : on doit concevoir la guerre et sa conduite non pas en fonction de l’effet tactique immédiat mais en fonction de l’effet final recherché, c’est-à-dire du but stratégique. Autrement dit, la forme que l’on donne initialement à la guerre à de lourdes conséquences ultérieures. Ce qui est perdu d’entrée est très difficile à rattraper.

 

Prenons les deux premières phases de la guerre en Afghanistan. La première fut celle du « modèle Afghan » (ou de la « stratégie minimaliste » selon Joe Biden). Lancée le 7 octobre 2001, elle associait la puissance aérienne américaine, les milices afghanes et un faible contingent de forces spéciales américaines.

 

Résultat : on constate que le modèle a fonctionné pour faire tomber le régime des talibans mais beaucoup moins pour débusquer les membres d’Al-Qaïda et détruire les militants qui pouvaient se réfugier dans leurs zones sanctuaires. Par conséquent :

 

-  cette stratégie a contribué à renforcer les « chefs de guerre » locaux, en particulier ceux dont le comportement envers la population était honni et qui étaient hostiles au gouvernement central de Kaboul

 

-  a renforcé la puissance Tadjik et donc aliéné d’autant la population pachtoune

-  a donc affaibli ce qui allait être essentiel ultérieurement, les deux piliers centraux de la reconstruction : un État central et la bonne gouvernance

 

La deuxième phase, fut celle du modèle américain (2002 – 2006). Compte tenu de l’impossibilité pour les milices afghanes de venir à bout des talibans, les troupes américaines prirent la tête des opérations de ratissage. On se rappelle des opérations Anaconda (2002) ou Mountain Viper (2003). Il s’agissait d’opérations « de bouclage et de fouille » (« Cordon and Search ») avec pour but d’éliminer les caches des terroristes et d’« enemy-centric raid stategy » comme le dit le général américain Barno. Les résultats ont été limités et les leçons à retenir sont les suivantes :

 

-  L’efficacité du « modèle américain » est limitée par un grand défaut de sensibilisation culturelle et politique, voire par la supériorité technologique.

 

-  les bombardements aériens soulèvent des questions sensibles (on se rappelle le bombardement d‘une fête de mariage en Oruzgan en juillet 2002) avec des coûts politiques considérables.

-  les forces américaines suscitent crainte et hostilité dans la population. Elles sont perçues comme des forces d’occupation.

-  la population à l’origine neutre, voire favorable aux américains, s’est progressivement détournée.

 

On passe donc en 2006 d’une guerre « enemy-centric » à une guerre « population-centric », mais le premier mode de guerre aura commis des dommages irrattrapables.

 

Quatrième idée : si le centre de gravité de l’adversaire se situe au-delà des limites politiques que l’on s’est fixées, il est inutile de faire la guerre car il ne sera pas possible de la gagner. Au sens clausewitzien, le centre de gravité des talibans se situe dans les zones tribales pakistanaises, puisque que c’est de cette zone refuge qu’ils tirent leur capacité de résistance. Impossible pour les Américains d’y mettre militairement bon ordre : cette cible se situe au-delà des limites politiques qu’ils se sont fixées, ne serait-ce que pour de simples raisons de logistique militaire, en raison de la vulnérabilité de leurs convois militaires lorsqu’ils traversent le Pakistan.

 

Cinquième idée : c’est avec son adversaire que l’on fait la paix. Selon le bon esprit de la Guerre Froide qui n’a pas fini de nous faire du mal, la conférence de Bonn, en décembre 2001, a été non pas la conférence de la réconciliation, mais la conférence des vainqueurs. Elle a, de fait, rejeté les talibans - donc les pachtouns - dans l’insurrection. Dix ans après nous n’en sommes pas sortis.

 

Sixième idée : ce qui est important, c’est l’aspect stratégique et non tactique. Nous sommes aujourd’hui plongés au cœur d’une véritable « quadrature du cercle tactique », entre protection et adhésion de la population d’une part, protection de nos propres troupes d’autre part et destruction de l’adversaire taliban par ailleurs. Nous sommes engagés dans un travail de Sisyphe du micro-management du champ de bataille, comme si nous étions enfermés dans une stratégie de tactiques, et son appareil de « metrics » et autres indicateurs de performances. C’est une impasse. Nous ne trouverons pas de martingale tactique en Afghanistan : la solution est d’ordre stratégique.

 

Une accumulation de bonnes tactiques ne fera jamais de bonne stratégie : un problème politique au premier chef ne peut être résolu que par une solution politique. Citant des officiers U.S, le New York Times regrettait récemment « la déconnection entre les efforts intenses des petites unités et les évolutions stratégiques ». Une idée de niveau tactique. Celle-ci est simple. Le nombre compte (« mass matters » comme disent nos amis anglo-saxons). Les coupes budgétaires progressives et l’exponentielle du coût des armements ont conduit à des réductions de formats incompatibles avec l’efficacité militaire dans les nouvelles guerres au sein des populations.

 

En contre-insurrection, gagner, c’est contrôler l’espace. On connaît les ratios. En dessous du ratio de 20 personnels de sécurité pour 1 000 locaux, il est tout à fait improbable de l’emporter. En Irlande du Nord, pour une population d’un million d’habitants, les Britanniques ont maintenu une force de sécurité globale de 50 000 hommes et y sont restés 20 ans (ratio de 1 pour 20 et non de 1 pour 50). En Irak, la population est de l’ordre d’une trentaine de millions. Il a fallu mettre sur pied (avec les Irakiens) une force de 600 000 hommes pour que la manœuvre de contre-insurrection commence à produire ses effets (ratio de 1 pour 50). En Algérie, à la fin des années 1950, les effectifs français étaient de 450 000 pour une population de huit millions d’Algériens d’origine musulmane (ratio de 1/20). En Afghanistan, nous sommes loin de ce ratio. Alors que le théâtre est infiniment plus complexe, physiquement et humainement, que nous agissons en coalition, le ratio est de 2 x 140 000 pour 30 millions, soit la moitié de ce qui est nécessaire. Nos ratios actuels forces de sécurité/population nous permet de conquérir, mais pas de tenir. Gagner la guerre, c’est contrôler l’espace. Or, nous ne savons plus contrôler l’espace.

 

Enfin, pour conclure, deux dernières idées. Vous pesez dans une guerre à hauteur de votre participation. En ce sens, le conflit afghan est bien une « guerre américaine ». On se rappelle de ce télégramme diplomatique révélé dans Le Monde par Wikileaks ou l’ambassadeur des États-Unis à Paris demandait, sur instance de l’Elysée, que Washington trouve des façons de faire croire que la France comptait dans les options stratégiques.

 

On se rappellera aussi que le « commander-in-chief » américain – de McKiernan à Petraeus en passant par McCrystall – relève et remplace les chefs de la coalition sans en référer aux autres membres. On se souviendra que les calendriers et les stratégies sont dictés davantage par les préoccupations de politique intérieure américaine que par le dialogue avec les coalisés, bien obligés de s’aligner.

 

L’Afghanistan est une nouvelle preuve de l’échec de l’Europe. Je constate qu’il y a eu 15 pays de l’Union européenne ayant engagés des forces militaires en Afghanistan : l’Allemagne, la Belgique, le Danemark, l’Espagne, la France, la Hongrie, l’Italie, la Lettonie, la Lituanie, les Pays-Bas, la Pologne, la Roumanie, la Suède, la République tchèque et le Portugal. Leurs effectifs étaient non négligeables puisqu’ils représentaient environ 40 000 combattants, soit 1/3 de la force engagée. Or, il n’y a pas presque pas d’Europe, et en tous cas aucune défense européenne en Afghanistan. Le constat est très clair : l’Europe mène la guerre la plus longue de son histoire, et le fait avec des effectifs très importants. Mais elle n’existe pas. Cela donne une résonance nouvelle aux propos du Ministre de la défense, Hervé Morin, qui affirmait fin octobre : « L’Europe est devenu un protectorat des États-Unis »(1). Il est temps que l’Europe se prenne en main.

 

(1) Le Monde, 31.10/01.11

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