Overblog Tous les blogs Top blogs Entreprises & Marques Tous les blogs Entreprises & Marques
Suivre ce blog Administration + Créer mon blog
MENU
27 juin 2013 4 27 /06 /juin /2013 10:30
C-130J Super Hercules Photo by Andrew McMurtrie

C-130J Super Hercules Photo by Andrew McMurtrie

27.06.2013 par Helen Chachaty - journal-aviation.com

 

L’avionneur américain Lockheed Martin a livré le premier C-130J Super Hercules à Israël le 26 juin, lors d’une cérémonie qui s’est tenue à l’usine de Marietta, en Géorgie. L’avion devrait toucher le sol israélien au printemps 2014. Les trois avions que doit recevoir Israël seront surnommés « Shimshon », comme les 12 C-130E/H qu’utilise le pays depuis 1971.

Partager cet article
Repost0
27 juin 2013 4 27 /06 /juin /2013 10:20
L’assemblage du premier KC-46A de Boeing a débuté

27.06.2013 par Helen Chachaty - journal-aviation.com

 

L’assemblage du premier futur ravitailleur de l’US Air Force a débuté à l’usine d’Everett de Boeing le 26 juin, avec l’intégration du premier longeron d’aile du KC-46A.

 

Selon le calendrier établi par Boeing, l’assemblage final est prévu pour le mois de novembre, avec un roll-out espéré en janvier 2014. Le mois de juin de la même année aura lieu l’installation des équipements militaires et le début des essais au sol dans la foulée. Le premier vol est lui prévu pour le début de l’année 2015, la livraison attendue en 2016. Si l’US Air Force exerce toutes ses options, Boeing devrait livrer jusqu’à 179 KC-46A d’ici à 2027. Le futur ravitailleur est basé sur les 767-200ER de l’avionneur américain et remplacera à terme les KC-135 Stratotanker de l’US Air Force.

 

Le programme KC-46A a subi quelques turbulences en 2012, notamment après la publication d’un rapport du Government of Accountability Office, qui s’alarmait d’une forte hausse des coûts de développement et d’un retard important qui mettait en danger les délais de remplacement des KC-135 fixés par l’US Air Force. En septembre 2012, l’US Air Force se montrait optimiste et espérait toujours un bilan critique de conception (« critical design review ») avant la fin de l’année fiscale 2013. L’USAF confirmait sa confiance dans le programme en avril 2013, soulagée que le séquestre n’affecte pas – du moins pour l’instant – le développement du KC-46A.

Partager cet article
Repost0
27 juin 2013 4 27 /06 /juin /2013 09:45
C130 Hercules de l’U.S Air Force

C130 Hercules de l’U.S Air Force

27/06/2013 Sources : EMA

 

Le 21 juin 2013, un avion C130 Hercules de l’U.S Air Force, transportant des soldats français dans le cadre d’une relève, s’est posé sur le tarmac de l’aéroport de Bamako, après une première rotation entre Dakar et Gao.

 

Depuis le début de l’opération Serval, une dizaine de nations alliées ont apporté leur soutien à la force Serval en mettant à disposition des avions de transport tactiques (ATT) et stratégiques (ATS).

 

Depuis le début de l’opération Serval, les Etats-Unis fournissent des avions ravitailleurs KC135 au profit des avions de chasse français et des avions C-17. D’autres nations alliées ont contribué de manière significative aux opérations au Mali, que ce soit directement pour l’opération Serval ou dans le cadre du soutien à la MISMA. Ainsi, la Belgique a fourni deux avions C 130 Hercules et deux hélicoptères A109 Medevac. Les Danois ont quant à eux envoyé un avion C 130 Hercules. Le Canada, la Grande-Bretagne et la Suède ont engagé des avions C-17. Les Pays-Bas ont mis à disposition 2 avions KDC 10 ainsi que 4 C130 et 1 DC10. L’Espagne a fourni dans un premier temps un avion C 130 Hercules puis un avion Casa qui terminera sa mission fin juillet. Enfin, l’Allemagne a fourni 3 avions C 160 Transall et un avion A 310 multi-rôle de ravitaillement en vol et de transport.

C 130 Hercules - Danemark

C 130 Hercules - Danemark

hélicoptères A109 Medevac - Belgique

hélicoptères A109 Medevac - Belgique

C 130 Hercules - Belgique

C 130 Hercules - Belgique

C 160 Transall - Allemagne

C 160 Transall - Allemagne

C 130 Hercules - Espagne

C 130 Hercules - Espagne

Opération Serval : contribution alliée au transport tactique intra-théâtre
C-17 - Canada

C-17 - Canada

Les moyens néerlandais engagés en soutien de l’opération Serval – Crédit : EMA / ECPAD

Les moyens néerlandais engagés en soutien de l’opération Serval – Crédit : EMA / ECPAD

C-17 - Royal Air Force

C-17 - Royal Air Force

Les moyens mis à disposition par les pays alliés en soutien de l’opération Serval ont permis de renforcer les capacités de transport et de ravitaillement. Cette complémentarité et cette interopérabilité sont le fruit d’une coopération régulière développée notamment au cours d’exercices interalliés.

Le 21 juin 2013, un avion C 130 Hercules de l'U.S Air Force, transportant des soldats français dans le cadre d'une relève, s'est posé sur le tarmac de l'aéroport de Bamako, après une première rotation entre Dakar et Gao.

Le 21 juin 2013, un avion C 130 Hercules de l'U.S Air Force, transportant des soldats français dans le cadre d'une relève, s'est posé sur le tarmac de l'aéroport de Bamako, après une première rotation entre Dakar et Gao.

Partager cet article
Repost0
27 juin 2013 4 27 /06 /juin /2013 07:20
Best Seat In The Chopper

6/26/2013 Strategy  Page

 

Sgt. Zach Smola, rear door gunner on a CH-47, keeps watch on the mountains in Uruzgan province, Afghanistan, May 12, 2013. The Chinooks, operated by members of Bravo Company, 2nd Battalion, 104th Aviation Regiment from the Connecticut and Pennsylvania Army National Guard, have played a vital part in the mission in Afghanistan since their arrival in December 2012 by performing resupply, retrograde, and planned missions. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Jessi Ann McCormick)

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 16:20
MK18 Kingfish UUV Deployed to 5th Fleet

Jun 26, 2013 ASDNews Source : US Navy

 

The U.S. Navy has deployed the MK18 Mod 2 Kingfish underwater unmanned vehicle for operations in the 5th Fleet area of responsibility, following more than 30 sorties over 15 days of mock deployment testing in the Gulf of Mexico, the Navy announced June 20.

 

Kingfish is an autonomous underwater unmanned vehicle (UUV) used by the U.S. Navy for mine detection missions with an improved endurance and area coverage rate that replaces the in-theater Swordfish system.

 

These UUVs are pre-programmed and designed to scan waters for targets or threats while offering sailors faster post-mission analysis using the Navy's Mine Warfare and Environmental Decision Library (MEDAL) and Command Operations Interference Navy (COIN) systems.

 

Test lead Amanda Mackintosh said the mock deployment began May 6 and was conducted in areas over 20 nautical miles from the Panama City Beach shoreline, launching UUVs from an 11-meter Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat which is how the system will be used in theater.

 

"Missions went very smoothly. The mock deployment was conducted in realistic environments and where there was greater risk reduction for deployment," she said. "We didn't experience any vehicle failures and we ran three and sometimes four vehicles for eight hours per day for the 15 days."

 

NSWC Panama City's geographic location offers scientists and fleet users distinct training, testing and evaluation opportunities as the gulf waters replicate Persian Gulf temperatures, salinity, depth and clarity as they pertain to sonar performance and thereby offer intended, real-world environment results.

 

NSWC PCD, a field activity of the Naval Sea Systems Command, employs more than 1,300 people and provides innovative, technical solutions to complex problems specifically in the areas of littoral and expeditionary warfare.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 16:20
Army Ready to Upgrade AH-64E Apache Sensors

June 26th, 2013 by Matt Cox  - defensetech.org

 

The U.S. Army hopes to equip its first unit of Apache helicopters with the newest daytime sensors by this time next year.

 

The Apache Sensors Product Office recently accepted delivery of Lockheed Martin’s new Modernized Day Sensor Assembly Laser Rangefinder Designator, or LRFD, the first component to be fielded in the Modernized Day Sensor Assembly.

 

The modernized LRFD is the first phase of upgrades for the M-DSA program, and will provide enhanced performance to the MTADS/PNVS system, Army officials maintain.

 

“This laser kit, what we call M-DSA phase one, is an investment by the Army and the Program Executive Office for Aviation, and we’re looking forward to the reliability and maintainability improvements that this laser will bring to the MTADS system,” said  Lt. Col. Steven Van Riper, product manager for Apache Sensor, in an Army press release. “The maintainers will have less of a burden when it comes to keeping the system up and fully operational, while our aircrews will be able to reap the benefits of the performance improvements.”

 

The new sensors are part of a duel contract the Army awarded to Lockheed Martin in February worth $162 million.

 

The current laser features a tactical wavelength in the system, Cold War technology that’s expensive to maintain. The new laser incorporates a second EyeSafe wavelength, the newest technology available. It replaces the old flash lamp technology to a more reliable, more robust diode pump laser technology.

 

The diode pump is the primary driver of increasing the Army’s reliability and maintainability numbers, Army officials maintain. Phase one will be fielded later this year and will be fully capable by 2016, according to Matt Hoffman, director of MTADS/PNVS programs at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control.

 

The Army’s goal is to retrofit the M-DSA and equip the AH-64E Apache units first.

 

The second phase, scheduled to begin in 2016, will include all the remaining elements in the DSA such as a high definition color television, laser pointer marker, upgraded laser spot tracker, and a state-of-the-art inertia measuring unit for stability and extended range in the system.

 

“We are meeting all of our milestones in terms of production ramp rate, moving towards maintaining our production rate of over 20 lasers per month,” Van Riper said. “We’re stepping up to that incrementally using a very deliberate production engineering process.”

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 16:20
Raytheon unveils Excalibur with dual-mode guidance

PARIS, June 20, 2013 PRNewswire

 

New precision munition will protect against swarming boat threats

 

Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) has initiated an internally funded program to enhance its combat-proven 155mm Excalibur GPS-guided projectile with a new guidance and navigation unit (GNU) with a semi-active laser (SAL) end-game targeting capability. Addition of the SAL seeker will allow the munition to attack moving targets, attack targets that have re-positioned after firing, or change the impact point to avoid casualties and collateral damage.

 

"No other gun-launched GPS-guided artillery round is as precise as Excalibur, which in its current design gives one the ability to hit within 4 meters of the target 90 percent of the time," said Kevin Matthies, Excalibur program director for Raytheon Missile Systems. "Now we're ready to take this to the next level, giving the warfighter the ability to not only re-target the munition in flight, but leverage Excalibur's maneuverability to use the pinpoint precision of a semi-active laser seeker to hit targets on the move."

 

This new Excalibur variant using SAL guidance paves the way for GPS-guided Excalibur Ib customers to upgrade their Excalibur Ib guidance and navigation units with a GPS/SAL capability. Recent tests of the SAL seeker have demonstrated the robustness of the design in a severe gun-firing environment.

 

In addition to 155mm artillery land forces worldwide, the GPS/SAL capability will be available for both 155mm and 5-inch (127mm) naval guns to address moving targets on land and at sea. Counter-swarming boat capability will be the prime focus of the at-sea moving target capability using a high-firing rate, large caliber, affordable munition that can be fired from land or sea platforms. The transition to the naval 5-inch configuration is easily made as the existing 155mm Excalibur Ib GNU design also fits in a 127mm projectile body.

 

"Excalibur has proven itself an invaluable asset for avoiding collateral damage while defeating targets that may otherwise be out of reach or cannot be quickly engaged," said Michelle Lohmeier, vice president of Land Combat for Raytheon Missile Systems. "The need for this degree of precision to attack moving targets is there, and we now have the ability to leverage demonstrated Excalibur Ib technology to make this happen."

 

About Excalibur

First fielded in 2007, the Excalibur 155mm precision-guided, extended-range projectile is a revolutionary capability for U.S. and allied forces. Using GPS precision-guidance technology, Excalibur provides accurate, first round fire-for-effect capability in any environment. With Excalibur's level of precision, there is a major reduction in the overall mission time and cost of delivering precision. Excalibur provides these benefits while offering the most flexible artillery solution for reducing collateral damage. Excalibur was named one of the U.S. Army's "Greatest Inventions" in 2007 for the Increment Ia-1 and in 2011 for the Increment Ia-2.

 

About Raytheon

Raytheon Company, with 2012 sales of $24 billion and 68,000 employees worldwide, is a technology and innovation leader specializing in defense, security and civil markets throughout the world. With a history of innovation spanning 91 years, Raytheon provides state-of-the-art electronics, mission systems integration and other capabilities in the areas of sensing; effects; and command, control, communications and intelligence systems; as well as a broad range of mission support services. Raytheon is headquartered in Waltham, Mass. For more about Raytheon, visit us at www.raytheon.com and follow us on Twitter @raytheon.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 16:20
NIITEK awarded $2.13 million contract from the DARPA

26 June 2013 chemring.co.uk

 

NIITEK®, Inc., part of the Chemring Sensors and Electronics business unit and a subsidiary of the Chemring Group PLC ("Chemring"), and its academic and small business partners, have received a $2.13 million dollar contract from DARPA for the development of a new method for detection of hidden explosives.  This program, part of DARPA’s Methods of Explosive Detection at Standoff (MEDS) program, is targeting the development of novel sensors designed to detect unique signatures of explosives.  The contract is for an 18-month period of performance.

 

 “We are pleased to have been given the opportunity by DARPA to continue the development of this unique detection capability,” said Juan Navarro, President of Chemring Sensor and Electronics.  “Although the work in this program is intended to be proof-of-principle experimentation, NIITEK and its partners are confident that, with proper development, the technology can be transitioned into a system that could prove useful to both the Department of Defense as well as domestic security and law enforcement.”

 

About Chemring

Chemring is a market leading manufacturing business supplying high technology electronics and energetic products to over sixty countries around the world. Chemring has a diverse portfolio of products that predominantly protect military people and platforms, providing insurance against a constantly changing threat. These range from countermeasures to protect aircraft, to ground penetrating radar to protect troops and vehicles from improvised explosive devices.  NIITEK, a Chemring company since 2008, is the world leader in the design, development and production of Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar ("GPR") systems. NIITEK’s Advanced GPR systems are at the leading edge of mine detection technology with over two hundred systems successfully being used by US and Coalition forces in Afghanistan.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 15:30
Iron Dome Battery - source Israel Sun Rex Features

Iron Dome Battery - source Israel Sun Rex Features

Jun 24, 2013 Spacewar.com (UPI)

 

Tel Aviv, Israel - The U.S. Congress is pushing for U.S. participation in developing Israel's Iron Dome anti-missile system and, if it succeeds, make the Americans partners in all the systems that constitute the Jewish state's missile defense shield.

 

The House of Representatives this month tripled U.S. President Barack Obama's request to boost U.S. funding of Israeli missile defense systems from $96 million to $284 million.

 

This followed earlier increases in U.S. support, which began in the 1980s with the high-altitude Arrow program for which the Americans have paid the lion's share of the $1 billion development costs.

 

All this is separate from the $3 billion in military aid Israel receives from the United States every year.

 

The House Armed Services Committee approved the $284 million funding hike June 6, including an additional $15 million in funding for Iron Dome.

 

That system was developed by Israel's Rafael Advanced Defense Systems of Haifa. It's the only one of the Jewish state's anti-missile weapons that's been tested in combat, with a claimed kill rate of 85 percent.

 

It's also the only one of those programs in which U.S. defense companies have not participated, and thus had no access to the advanced technology involved.

 

Iron Dome, the bottom tier of the Israeli anti-missile shield, is designed to intercept short-range missiles and rockets, the only such system in service in the world.

 

Its unique feature is its computerized fire-control system, which can determine the trajectories of hostile missiles. It only engages those that will hit populated areas and ignores those that won't.

 

U.S. defense contractors, and members of Congress, have wanted to participate in Iron Dome for some time.

 

The House committee's funding increase stipulated, in an amendment proposed by Rep. Joe Heck, R-Nev., that "it may be obligated or expended for enhancing the capability of producing the Iron Dome system program in the United States, including for infrastructure, tooling, transferring data, special test equipment and related components."

 

In March, the Pentagon's Missile Defense Agency for the first time included in its annual budget funding of $220 million for Israel to buy more Iron Dome batteries in fiscal 2014.

 

That was the first time the MDA has specifically sought funds for Iron Dome, underlining the U.S. Defense Department's effort to maintain military aid for Israel despite major cutbacks in defense spending.

 

The agency is also expected to seek $520 million to fund other Israeli anti-missile systems, including the David's Sling and the high-altitude Arrow-3 currently in development.

 

The House of Representatives and the Senate indicated in 2012 they wanted to approve spending as much as $680 million for Iron Dome through 2015.

 

The U.S. has long sought access to the Israeli-developed technology and is clearly using military aid to the Jewish state as leverage.

 

The Raytheon Co. has been working with Rafael for some time on developing David's Sling, designed to counter medium-range missiles.

 

Arrow-3, being developed by state-owned Israel Aerospace Industries and the Boeing Co., is intended to intercept Iranian and Syrian ballistic missiles outside Earth's atmosphere.

 

Neither participation involves co-production.

 

The Israelis, although concerned that joint development of these systems with the Americans, could inhibit export sales -- India and South Korea are interested in Iron Dome and Arrow -- would seem to have little choice but to accept U.S. participation.

 

In 2012, the House Armed Services Committee called on the MDA to "explore any opportunity to enter into co-production" of Iron Dome, given the scale of U.S. funding, even though Washington had no legal rights to the Israeli technology.

 

Israel initially opposed that and ruled out co-production. It offered Washington data on the technologies used in Iron Dome's Tamir interceptor rockets, provided intellectual property rights were observed.

 

But this was not enough for the House, or U.S. companies that saw the prospect of blunting the impact of the cutbacks in U.S. defense spending and the layoffs these would cause.

 

However, in March, possibly because of Israel's own defense budget cuts, Brig. Gen. Shachar Shohat, a senior officer in Israel's missile forces, said setting up a parallel U.S. factory to make Tamirs could be a "win-win situation for both countries."

 

He stressed this would allow the Americans to benefit from their financial support for Israel.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 12:20
Submarines : The War Against Invisibility

June 26, 2013: Strategy Page

 

The U.S. Navy has been secretive about how effective it has become in detecting non-nuclear submarines. That discretion is necessary to prevent the enemy from fixing any vulnerabilities you are exploiting. The quietness of modern diesel-electric boats puts nuclear subs and surface ships at a serious disadvantage, especially in coastal waters. This is a big problem for the United States, which went to an all nuclear submarine fleet half a century ago. While the nuclear sub is the most effective high seas vessel, especially if you have worldwide responsibilities and these nukes would have to quickly move long distances to get to the troubled waters, the diesel electric boat, operating on batteries in coastal waters, is quieter and harder to find.

 

For over a decade the U.S. Navy has been trying to get an idea of just how bad the threat is and developing technologies and tactics to deal with it. This was part of a larger ASW (anti-submarine warfare) effort that began in the 1990s to deal with post-Cold War submarine threat. A major part of this effort using a state-of-the-art non-nuclear subs to practice on. Thus from 2005 to 2007 the United States leased a Swedish sub (Sweden only has five subs in service) and its crew, to help American anti-submarine forces get a better idea of what they were up against. This Swedish boat was a "worst case" scenario, an approach that is preferred for training. The Gotland class Swedish subs involved are small (1,500 tons, 64.5 meters/200 feet long) and have a crew of only 25. The Gotland was based in San Diego, along with three dozen civilian technicians to help with maintenance.

 

For many years before the Gotland arrived, the U.S. Navy had trained against Australian diesel-electric subs and often came out second. The Gotland has one advantage over the Australian boats because of its AIP (Air-Independent Propulsion) system (which allows it to stay under water, silently, for several weeks at a time). Thus the Gotland was something of a worst case in terms of what American surface ships and submarines might have to face in a future naval war. Since the Gotland experiments the U.S. has borrowed other AIP subs for further work in refining detection methods. None of America's most likely naval opponents (China, North Korea, or Iran) only China has built some AIP boats yet. These three nations have plenty of diesel-electric subs which, in the hands of skilled crews, can be pretty deadly. China is making an effort to create experienced and well trained crews.

 

Based on the experience with Australian, Swedish, German and other subs, the U.S. Navy has been developing new anti-submarine tactics and equipment. All this is done in secret, obviously. But apparently the modern, quiet diesel electric boats continue to be a major threat to U.S. surface warships and subs. Meanwhile, potential enemies build more of their cheaper and higher quality diesel-electric boats and train their crews by having them stalk actual warships (including U.S. ones). The subs are getting more numerous, while U.S. defenses are limping along because of the sheer technical problems of finding quiet diesel-electric boats in coastal waters.

 

The U.S. has found that, given current sensor (sonar, magnetic, heat, chemical) technology it is possible to detect very quiet diesel-electric and AIP subs. To do this required many small tweaks to existing sensors. AIP boats, in particular, were found to have many vulnerabilities. The AIP technology generated more noise and heat than just using batteries. The more the U.S. studied AIP subs in operation the more ways they found these subs could be detected. It is known that the passive (listen only) sonar systems in the new Virginia class SSNs (nuclear attack sub) was tweaked to better find diesel-electric and AIP boats.

 

Despite keeping most of the details secret, some potential targets of these new ASW capabilities realized the danger they were in. One reason China wants to keep American naval forces out of their economic zone (370 kilometers from the coast, an area which does not bar foreign warships) is so that Chinese diesel electric subs can train without being stalked by American subs, surface ships, and aircraft looking for realistic practice tracking Chinese boats. At the same time the U.S. Navy has lost the full use of its most effective underwater anti-submarine training area (a well mapped and instrumented area off southern California) because environmentalist activists have convinced judges that the use of active sonar in this training area is harmful to some species of aquatic animals. So going after potential targets off their coasts is more important than ever.

 

There are 39 nations operating a total of 400 diesel electric subs. Only three of these nations (China, Iran, North Korea) are likely to use their subs against the U.S. or its allies. China has fifty of these boats, Iran has three (plus 25 much smaller mini-subs) and North Korea has 20 (plus 50 much smaller mini-subs). So the U.S. has to worry about 73 diesel electric subs and 75 mini-subs. But about half the full size subs are elderly, obsolete, and noisy. The same can be said for at least half the mini-subs. That leaves about 36 full size subs and 40 mini-subs that are a clear threat (though the older stuff can be a threat if you get sloppy). That’s a lot of subs, and they make the East Asian coast and the Persian Gulf dangerous places for American warships.

 

Moreover, the North Korean and Iranian fleets (and governments) are in decline, while China is pouring more cash into their armed forces. If there’s any diesel-electric boats the U.S. Navy has to be extremely concerned about, it’s the Chinese. While China continues to try and develop world class nuclear subs, they are also moving ahead in creating world class diesel electric boats.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 10:55
Seeking A Substitute For Experience In The Air

June 26, 2013: Strategy page

 

France is, like the United States and many other European countries, making big cuts in their defense budgets. In response the French Air Force is adopting radical new training methods. Rather than cut the flying time of all pilots by 20 percent (from 180 hours a year to 150), half the pilots would remain at 180 hours while the other half would be reduced to 40 hours in combat aircraft (like the Rafale) and another 140 hours in a high-end trainer (that is much cheaper to operate than the Rafale, or similar aircraft.) If there were a major war and the second line pilots were needed, they would undergo 60-90 days of intense training in the Rafale, amounting to over a hundred hours of flight time, which the French air force leaders believe would make them roughly equal to the first line pilots in terms of capability.

 

All this is something of a gamble and it’s unclear if it will actually work. But the French have little choice since the money is not there to maintain 180 hours a year for everyone and as the recent operations in Mali made clear, you need highly skilled and experienced pilots to carry off operations like that without losing aircraft.

 

The U.S. currently and Russia during the 1990s used a similar two-tier system, where pilots not heading overseas had their flight hour cut. But when a squadron was scheduled for a trip to a combat zone, pilots got a lot more flying hours for the few months before they went. This apparently was sufficient to get the pilots back (or reasonably close to) their former (with 180 or more flight hours a year) competence levels.  The U.S. is again using this system because of budget cuts.

 

There are several other unknowns. Cost issues may mean using a high end turboprop trainer instead of a jet trainer. Then there’s the issue of simulators. Research into the effectiveness of high-end simulators (which cost less than ten percent per hour compared to the actual aircraft) is still unclear when you try to substitute simulator time for a lot of actual flying hours (like down to 40 hours a year). It’s long been theoretically possible to substitute simulator hour for the lost flight time and still have a pilot able to perform at an acceptably high level. This new budget crises in Western air forces may be a way to finally clear up just how effective simulator use is.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 10:40
Snowden: les menaces US rapprochent Moscou et Pékin (député russe)

MOSCOU, 26 juin - RIA Novosti

 

Les menaces proférées par les autorités américaines à l'égard de Moscou et Pékin sur fond d'affaire Snowden ne feront que consolider les rapports russo-chinois, estime le chef de la commission des Affaires étrangères de la Douma Alexeï Pouchkov.

 

"Les menaces des Etats-Unis à l'égard de la Russie et la Chine en raison de l'affaire Snowden resteront sans résultat et ne feront que rapprocher davantage Moscou et Pékin", a écrit le parlementaire sur son compte Twitter.

 

L'ex-consultant des services secrets américains Edward Snowden a divulgué des informations confidentielles sur les opérations de surveillance électronique effectuées par les Etats-Unis à travers le monde. Dimanche dernier, il est arrivé à Moscou par un vol d'Aeroflot en provenance de Hong-Kong. Washington a demandé à la Russie d'extrader M.Snowden accusé par la justice américaine de transfert illégal d'informations relevant de la sécurité nationale des Etats-Unis, de transfert prémédité de renseignements secrets et de détournement de patrimoine public.

 

Le secrétaire d'Etat US John Kerry a notamment mis en garde la Russie et la Chine contre des "conséquences" sur leurs relations diplomatiques après le vol Hong Kong-Moscou pris par M.Snowden.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 10:30
Les rebelles syriens reçoivent les armes promises

MOSCOU, 26 juin - RIA Novosti

 

La crise syrienne qui dure depuis plus de deux ans s'est définitivement propagée au Liban. Pendant ce temps l'Onu, les USA et la Russie ont terminé le deuxième cycle de négociations pour la préparation de "Genève 2", la Conférence internationale pour la Syrie, tandis que le conflit continue à prendre de l'ampleur dans la région, écrit mercredi le quotidien Nezavissimaïa gazeta.

 

Les vice-ministres russes des Affaires étrangères Mikhaïl Bogdanov et Guennadi Gatilov, la sous-secrétaire d'Etat américaine Wendy Sherman et la conseillère par intérim du secrétaire d'Etat Elizabeth Jones ont participé au nouveau cycle de négociations trilatérales avec l'émissaire de l'Onu et de la Ligue arabe Lakhdar Brahimi.

 

Cette réunion de préparation à Genève 2 s'est tenue dans un nouveau contexte politique. Wendy Sherman s'est entretenue avec Bogdanov et Gatilov conformément à l'accord Lavrov-Kerry. Quelques jours plus tôt, les Etats-Unis avaient décidé de livrer des armes aux rebelles syriens ; ils étudient actuellement la possibilité d'instaurer une zone d'exclusion aérienne ; et le secrétaire d'Etat John Kerry condamne la position de la Russie. Lors de la réunion des "Amis de la Syrie" samedi dernier au Qatar, il a accusé Moscou de faire escalader la guerre civile et a appelé les "Amis" à aider les rebelles. Bachar al-Assad ne jouera "aucun rôle" dans le gouvernement de transition qu'il est prévu de mettre en place à l'issue des négociations de paix, annonce le communiqué de Doha.

 

Commentant la tactique contradictoire de Washington, le ministre russe des Affaires étrangères Sergueï Lavrov a déclaré : "Nous voudrions comprendre si les USA sont vraiment cohérents quand ils veulent réunir une conférence sur la Syrie".

 

Onze pays membres du groupe des "Amis de la Syrie" promettaient d'accroître leur aide - y compris militaire - au profit de l'opposition syrienne et cinq sont prêts à le faire dès à présent. La Coalition nationale des forces de l'opposition et de la révolution attend donc des armes dès la semaine prochaine. "Etant donné que nous ne pouvons pas recevoir d’armes depuis le Liban en raison de la présence du Hezbollah, ni depuis l'Irak, nous espérons recevoir ces livraisons via les frontières nord et sud de la Syrie", a déclaré à la presse turque le représentant de la Coalition de l'opposition en Turquie, Khaled Hoya. La frontière nord est celle de la Turquie et au sud se situe la Jordanie. Les rebelles souhaitent surtout recevoir des armes antichars et des systèmes de défense antiaérienne. Selon le site Damas Post, la première partie des armes qui inclut les tous derniers obus antichars, des missiles à moyenne portée, des armes d'infanterie légère et des fusils à lunette, se trouve déjà à la frontière turco-syrienne. Ces armes de production israélienne ont été envoyées par Tel-Aviv à la demande de Washington.

 

Les opposants syriens n'ont plus de motivation pour participer aux négociations de paix. Le général Salim Idris, commandant de l'Armée syrienne libre (ASL), a confirmé hier que les rebelles ne se rendraient pas à Genève avant le rétablissement de l'équilibre des forces. Le ministre syrien des Affaires étrangères Walid Mouallem est convaincu que pour y parvenir l'opposition devra s'armer pendant encore plusieurs années. Par conséquent, les perspectives de Genève 2 sont quasiment nulles. Le conflit syrien s'éternise et se propage dans la région sous forme de guerre religieuse.

 

Le Liban s'est transformé en point chaud du conflit. Après l'appel du cheikh libanais sunnite Ahmed al-Assir, les salafistes ont attaqué les militaires libanais accusés par le cheikh de coopération avec le Hezbollah chiite. Les salafistes ont attaqué plusieurs points de contrôle aux abords de Saïda et les troupes militaires à Tripoli. Ils ont également tenté de s'emparer de la route menant à Beyrouth. Les postes de tir ont été rapidement neutralisés à Tripoli mais plus d'une journée a été nécessaire pour le faire à Saïda. Le tribunal militaire a délivré des mandats d'arrêt contre le cheikh et 123 de ses partisans. Des dizaines de combattants se sont rendus mais le cheikh a réussi à fuir en Syrie. 16 militaires ont péri dans les affrontements et plus de 100 ont été blessés.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 10:20
14% de l'US Army vaporisés: 80 000 hommes et 12 brigades de combat

26.06.2013 par P. CHAPLEAU Lignes de Défense
 

Le Pentagone a confirmé cette nuit sa décision de supprimer 12 brigades de combat de l'armée de terre dans le cadre de la réorganisation des forces (le communiqué est à lire ici).

L'US Army va passer de 570 000 à 490 000 hommes; ce chiffre avait été annoncé il y a plusieurs mois qui la ramènera au niveau de l'avant 11-Septembre. De 45, le nombre de BCT passera à 33 (chacune regagnant toutefois un 3e bataillon).

Selon le chef d'état-major de l'US Army, le général Ray Odierno, les 12 brigades de combat, chacune d'environ 3 500 hommes, seront supprimées au cours des quatre prochaines années. Dix d'entre elles sont basées aux Etats-Unis  (Fort Bliss, Texas; Fort Bragg, N.C.; Fort Campbell, Ky; Fort Carson, Colo.; Fort Drum, N.Y.; Fort Hood, Texas; Fort Knox, Ky.; Fort Riley, Kan.; Fort Stewart, Ga., and Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash).

Les deux autres sont stationnées en Allemagne (Baumholder and Grafenwoehr). Le Pentagone avait déjà rendu publique la suppression de ces deux dernières.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 10:20
The Global Hawk has provided high-altitude, long-endurance ISR for the Air Force since the late 1990s, but the service says it no longer needs the unmanned aircraft. (Air Force)

The Global Hawk has provided high-altitude, long-endurance ISR for the Air Force since the late 1990s, but the service says it no longer needs the unmanned aircraft. (Air Force)

Jun. 24, 2013 - By ARAM ROSTON- Defense News

 

June is the start of the rainy season in the South Pacific, six months of storms that come in fast and unpredictable. And when the wind starts blowing, that takes its toll on U.S. intelligence-gathering far off in North Korea.

 

A substantial amount of the intel on the Hermit Kingdom comes from the three massive Global Hawk unmanned surveillance planes based at Andersen Air Force Base in Guam. Because of special flight restrictions, the Global Hawks can’t fly over thunderstorms, nor, without a way to see the clouds ahead, can they go around them. So whenever a hint of bad weather arose on the route Global Hawk was assigned last year from Guam, the missions were canceled. Last year, the UAVs were grounded for an entire month, says a source with knowledge of the operation.

 

This susceptibility to South Pacific cyclones is adding new energy to the political hurricane raging in Washington over the future of the expensive UAVs.

 

It’s been a year and a half since the Air Force said it no longer needs the Global Hawk. The service argued that the UAVs, each built for more than $200 million, don’t do their jobs as well as the time-tested U-2 manned spy plane. So the Air Force wants to take the entire fleet of 18 Global Hawks and park them in the “boneyard” — the aircraft storage facility at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Ariz. That’s the functional equivalent of throwing 135 tons of the world’s most advanced robotic flying machines into the trash heap.

 

Now the battle lines are forming in what may be an epic contracting war. On the one side, swinging hard, is Global Hawk-maker Northrop Grumman. It has some powerful arguments, and it has members of Congress who say the Air Force needs to fall in line. On the other side is the Air Force, fighting to keep the U-2, which was built by Lockheed Martin.

 

'ESSENTIAL TO NATIONAL SECURITY'

 

At 70,000 feet, a U-2 pilot flying northwest along the boundary of North Korean airspace can turn his head to the right, and through the visor of his spacesuit he will see the silhouette of Earth’s curvature. Then he will see a silent green phosphorescent flash before the sky suddenly goes dark.

 

They call that flash “the terminator.” No U-2 pilot ever forgets it. Until just two years ago, the U-2 program itself — the workhorse of high-altitude intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance for 60 years — was due to be terminated, too.

 

For a time, the Global Hawk versus U-2 debate revolved around age. The U-2, its critics said, was of a different era, before UAVs. After all, any pilot flying the U-2 now wasn’t even born when the program started back in 1955.

 

But now, as one Air Force pilot points out, “This is not your grandfather’s U-2.” For example, today’s U-2S jets have pressurized cockpits, although the pilots still wear spacesuits in case anything goes wrong.

 

Lockheed Martin’s Robert Dunn said the U-2S has a long way to go before it needs to be decommissioned. “The airplanes we are flying today are certified to 75,000 flight hours. The average airframe is 14,000,” he said.

 

If the U-2 is the aging champion, then in the other corner of the ring is the upstart Global Hawk. A feat of modern engineering, the autonomous plane can fly for 32 hours straight when conditions are right. That’s far longer than the U-2, though not as high and with a smaller payload.

 

Ironically, the now-costly Global Hawk program was birthed during the cutbacks of the Clinton years. The Air Force was enthusiastic about its huge, high-flying UAV, and it pushed for more and more capacity for the planes. The first operational lot, the Block 10s, couldn’t carry enough weight, so the next generation was bigger and more ambitious. It was about more sensors, more power, more payload.

 

Initially pitched as a $35 million aircraft, costs ballooned over the years by 284 percent, according to the Congressional Research Service. Much of that was due to the Air Force’s shifting requirements. (It’s now estimated at about $220 million per plane including development costs.)

 

The Air Force, for a time, was the Global Hawk’s biggest cheerleader, although the history has been complex and sometimes contradictory.

 

In early 2011 for example, the Defense Department’s director of operational test and evaluation said “the system was not operationally effective for conducting near-continuous, persistent ISR operations.”

 

Then, in June 2011, shortly before the Global Hawk was fielded, Air Force officials certified the project as “essential to national security.” It was meant to ensure that Congress continued to fund the program, but the proclamation would begin to haunt the service just months later.

 

BONEYARD

 

In January 2012, the Air Force announced a drastic turnaround: It would terminate the Global Hawk program.

 

It provoked a firestorm — and a heavy public advocacy campaign on Capitol Hill by those who support the plane. Like many major modern weapons, its subcontractors are widely distributed across the United States, ensuring a broad base of political support. Northrop Grumman’s website notes that all but 15 states manufacture some part of the Global Hawk.

 

Experts were confounded that the Air Force had changed its mind so quickly.

 

And Congress put its foot down.

 

In the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act signed earlier this year, Congress told the Air Force it would have to fly the Global Hawks it had already (16 plus two being built) through the year 2014. The service “shall maintain the operational capability of each RQ-4 Block 30 Global Hawk unmanned aircraft system belonging to the Air Force or delivered to the Air Force.”

 

And to make sure no Global Hawk went on to the boneyard, the act was specific: No money “may be obligated or expended to retire, prepare to retire, or place in storage an RQ-4 Block 30 Global Hawk unmanned aircraft system.”

 

All of which sets the stage for the current conflict on the Hill.

 

Meanwhile, the 2013 Defense Appropriations Act went further. The service had resisted ordering new planes, on the assumption that by the time they were delivered, they’d be going right to the boneyard. Now the Air Force was told to go order three of the planes that had previously been budgeted for in 2012. “The Secretary of the Air Force shall obligate and expend funds previously appropriated,” for the plane.

 

But the Air Force has resisted. As another officer said, “Why are they making us spend money on something we don’t want or need?”

 

That attitude has irked some Northrop Grumman supporters on Capitol Hill.

 

In May, Rep. James Moran, D-Va., and Rep. Buck McKeon, R-Calif., wrote a stinging letter to Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel demanding that the Air Force do what it was told.

 

“The Air Force has continued to ignore clear Congressional intent,” they said.

 

And the House Armed Services Committee in June voted for a new defense authorization bill that would force the Air Force to use the Global Hawks until 2016

 

'HOMESICK ANGEL'

 

Here’s a side-by-side comparison of the two platforms:

 

Power. The U-2’s engine, with 17,000 pounds of thrust, can push the plane beyond 65,000 feet within a half hour. “It climbs like a homesick angel,” said a U-2 pilot. The Global Hawk, powered by an engine with just 7,500 pounds of thrust, can take four hours to reach its ceiling of 60,000 feet, critics say.

 

Endurance. Global Hawk is the hands-down winner. It can fly up to 32 hours before returning to base. Some say that’s what matters. “This is no time to be getting rid of your long-range, long-endurance assets,” said Rebecca Grant, an analyst who has done work for Northrop Grumman. The U-2 is stretching it to fly 14 hours; more typical flights last 10. But its defenders note that the manned plane can be based closer to the action, say, in South Korea, where flight restrictions bar unmanned aircraft.

 

Altitude. Here, U-2 is the king, with a publicly disclosed ceiling of 70,000 and a true ceiling somewhere about 75,000 feet. Global Hawk tops out at 60,000 feet. For the Air Force, this has become the central issue. First, the U-2 gets above the weather. The worst storm in the world is “just fireworks below,” said a pilot. But the other issue is visibility. Simple geometry allows the U-2 to see farther into enemy territory than the Global Hawk. That really makes a difference. A ceiling of 60,000 feet versus 70,000 doesn’t sound like much but look at it this way: The main job of the plane in the near future will be flying over the borders of countries like China and North Korea from international airspace. The Air Force likes to see 80 or 100 miles into adversaries’ territory, and the U-2’s added height lets it do that.

 

Sensors. That’s what it’s all about. At first glance, the Global Hawk has the edge. It carries three sensors for its intelligence missions, and the U-2 carries only two. On top of that, the Global Hawk can switch in midflight between electro-optical and synthentic aperture radar. “To have the ability for a single weapons system to carry a SAR radar, electro-optical package, and SIGINT package,” said Tom Vice, Northrop Grumman’s president of Aerospace Systems, “it allows to you to fuse all three different types of intelligence products together at the same time.”

 

But the Air Force says the U-2 has a far better electro-optical sensor that gives it a hands-down win in the category. In a report to Congress this spring, the Air Force flatly said that “the current U-2 sensors are superior to those of the GH.” Key to that is a camera called SYERS II (Senior Year Electro-optic Reconnaissance System) manufactured by UTC Aerospace. It’s multispectral, unlike the Global Hawk’s camera, and it sees farther.

 

Price. The U-2s were all built years ago. It’s a bit like owning a 2000 Honda Accord — it’s already paid for, it will keep on going and it drives great. The Global Hawks, on the other hand, are still coming off the production line. But Northrop Grumman argues that most of the development costs have already been spent anyway, and the kinks of building a new system have only recently been ironed out. The Air Force says at this point that it is just spending good money on a system that doesn’t have what it takes.

 

As for operating costs, they are equivalent — $33,500 per hour. But as Northrop Grumman points out, the Global Hawk doesn’t need training flights and requires fewer takeoffs and landings. Even the Air Force, in a recent report, acknowledged that “the persistence advantage of [Global Hawk] manifests itself in lower execution costs.”

 

Among its various proposals, Northrop Grumman has made one that stands out. It is offering to provide a 10-year contractor logistics contract for the Global Hawk Block 30 for $250 million, as a fixed price. It made the offer, though, months after the Air Force decided to terminate the program.

 

CHASING SOLUTIONS

 

There is much disagreement on how much it would cost to upgrade the Global Hawk Block 30s, where there are shortfalls that need addressing. Take the sensors. The Air Force reported to Congress that “Upgrades to the GH Block 30 to achieve parity with the U-2 program require an expenditure of approximately $855 million.”

 

It might not be able to fly as high, but at least it could photograph as clearly.

 

Northrop Grumman’s defenders, eager to get the Air Force to change its mind, say the service is way off the mark. The company has offered to put better cameras on the Global Hawk for just $48 million.

 

“We’ve looked at that and we’ve addressed it,” Vice said. “We looked at how to open up our architecture. We’ve offered a firm fixed-price offer to the U.S. Air Force to integrate the SYERS sensors onto Global Hawk. And that would cost the Air Force only 6 percent of what the Air Force believed it would cost to upgrade the current Block 30 cameras. Guaranteed price; no risk to the government.”

 

Northrop Grumman’s $48 million versus the Air Force $855 million is an unresolved discrepancy, for the moment. One reason it can work: The company wants to simply remove the cameras from the competition — essentially cannibalizing the U-2.

 

As for the Global Hawk’s getting grounded in places like Guam, where it can’t be relied on during the rainy season, the plane’s supporters say that’s the Air Force’s fault in the first place because of onerous restrictions. Supporters argue that requiring the plane to fly 10,000 feet over clouds, and limiting it to one route was the problem that caused it to be grounded excessively.

 

Now it’s been given alternative routes, which supporters say will cut back on canceled missions.

 

The difficulty has been that Global Hawk is unmanned, without “sense and avoid” technology to meet air traffic requirements. Normally, a pilot could see the clouds and steer around them, but without a pilot, the Global Hawk can’t do that.

 

Northrop Grumman has told the Air Force it can put “weather diversion” cameras in the Guam-based Global Hawks. That way, the operators back at base will be able to see the clouds and reroute, just as they could if the pilot was flying.

 

The company pitched the idea to the Air Force, offering to install the cameras for $7 million.

 

MOTIVE

 

There are some analysts who believe that in spite of the Global Hawk’s shortfalls, the Air Force is making a mistake. .

 

“However you cut it, I think there is a good case for Global Hawk Block 30,” says Mark Gunzinger of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. “The reasons cited for retiring the Block 30s don’t stand up under scrutiny. It’s worth questioning.”

 

But if the Air Force is really being disingenuous in terminating the Global Hawk, as its critics say, what would be the motive? That’s where the Northrop Grumman defenders are having a difficult time.

 

Is it, perhaps, a lingering bias against drones, a preference for the swaggering days of the piloted plane? At a House hearing in May where he castigated the Air Force for its decision on Global Hawk, Moran said as much: “The U-2, as you know, has a pilot. And I suspect that’s the real issue — the pilotless versus the piloted craft, even though the U-2 has been around longer than even some of the members of this subcommittee have been alive.”

 

Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Mark Welsh protested: “Pilot being in the airplane had absolutely nothing to do with it. I couldn’t care less. We want the platform that will do the best job of accomplishing the mission assigned — manned or unmanned — and we’ve said that all along.”

 

And after all, the Air Force has hundreds of UAVs and continues to develop new ones. It’s a hard to argue that the service simply doesn’t like unmanned aviation any more.

 

If not a bias against planes, others say that it is just stubbornness: The Air Force has dug itself into an untenable position and because of bureaucracy, is unwilling to back down, they say.

 

Still, that does seem like a stretch, given what’s at stake. If the Air Force still says it doesn’t need to spend the hundreds of millions of dollars on a program it finds inadequate, it will be hard to argue with that in an era when sequestration is cutting everyone’s budget.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 10:20
F-35 CF-6 (Photo Lockheed Martin)

F-35 CF-6 (Photo Lockheed Martin)

June 26; 2013 by Dave Majumdar – FG

 

Washington DC - The US Navy received its first Lockheed Martin F-35C Joint Strike Fighter training aircraft at Eglin AFB, Florida, on 22 June.

 

The stealth carrier-based aircraft will be assigned to the service's Strike Fighter Squadron 101 (VFA-101) "Grim Reapers", and will fly alongside US Air Force and US Marine Corps F-35 training units assigned to the air force's 33rd Fighter Wing. VFA-101 will serve as a fleet replacement squadron which will train aircrew and maintenance personnel from both the USN and USMC to fly and repair the F-35C.

 

The navy is the last of the US military services to receive the F-35, and many observers say its commitment to the tri-service jet is lukewarm at best. However, the USN publicly insists that it is behind the programme.

 

"For me, the F-35C is really a key part of our future," chief of naval operation Adm Jonathan Greenert told the Senate appropriations subcommittee on defense earlier in the month. "It provides a unique and essential set of capabilities for our air wing and for our carrier strike group, effectively for the fleet."

 

The F-35C is expected to be operational with the USN in late 2018 or early 2019.

Partager cet article
Repost0
26 juin 2013 3 26 /06 /juin /2013 09:20
Army Announces Force Structure and Stationing Decisions

June 25, 2013 defense.gov - No. 461-13

 

Today the Department of the Army announced force structure and stationing decisions associated with the active component end-strength reduction of 80,000 soldiers, resulting in an Army end-strength of 490,000 by 2017. These reductions are consistent with fiscal constraints resulting from the Budget Control Act of 2011 and defense planning guidance issued in 2012, but do not reflect  additional reductions that will be required if sequestration-driven funding reductions remain unmitigated.

 

Based on extensive analysis, the lessons of a dozen years of combat and the need to increase operational capability and flexibility, the Army will make the following changes to its force structure:

 

  • Reorganize infantry and armor brigade combat teams (BCTs) to restore the third maneuver battalion and increase engineer and fires capability.

 

  • Reduce active component BCTs from 45 modular to 33 reorganized BCTs.

 

  • Continue growth in aviation, special operations, missile defense and cyber capabilities.

 

This active component force structure, in conjunction with Army National Guard and Army Reserve capabilities, supports the current defense strategy and meets combatant command requirements through regional alignment of forces and global responsiveness for contingencies.  The decision to restructure armor and infantry BCTs helps mitigate the loss of BCTs by eliminating the headquarters but preserving 13 Armor and Infantry battalions that would be lost without the reorganization.

 

Stationing decisions necessitated by the reductions and reorganization were based on a comprehensive analysis of installation quantitative and qualitative considerations to include training, power projection, well-being, expansibility, regeneration, geographic distribution, environmental and socio-economic impacts, cost, and alignment with the defense strategy. Opportunities for community input were included through both the programmatic environment assessment public comment period and community listening sessions conducted in parallel with the military value analysis and qualitative stationing analysis, prior to the final decision.

 

Based on this comprehensive analysis, a BCT will inactivate at each of the following locations by 2017:  Fort Bliss, Texas; Fort Bragg, N.C.; Fort Campbell, Ky; Fort Carson, Colo.; Fort Drum, N.Y.; Fort Hood, Texas; Fort Knox, Ky.; Fort Riley, Kan.; Fort Stewart, Ga., and Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash.  Two BCTs, stationed at Baumholder and Grafenwoehr, Germany, will complete their inactivation in Fiscal Year 2013, leaving two BCTs in Europe to fulfill strategic commitments. 

 

The reduction of 80,000 soldiers from the force represents a 14 percent reduction across the AC force. The specific impacts of these decisions on individual installations are being provided to affected Congressional delegations. The Army will conduct Congressional notification in accordance with Section 993, Title 10 U.S.C. prior to taking any irrevocable actions to implement these decisions.

Partager cet article
Repost0
25 juin 2013 2 25 /06 /juin /2013 17:55
La puissance aérienne à portée de main

25.06.2013 Sous-lieutenant Morin Tony - Chargé d’études au CESA

 

Dans les années 1920, les Etats-Unis sont le théâtre d’un débat virulent sur la puissance aérienne stratégique. Au-delà des discussions doctrinales et des luttes institutionnelles qui en découlent, des obstacles significatifs se dressent devant les défenseurs de cette nouvelle théorie stratégique. A cette époque, l’industrie aéronautique américaine n’est en effet pas en mesure de fournir l’appareil qui donnera corps au bombardement stratégique.

Par ailleurs, le contexte politique interne et extérieur se prête peu au lancement d’un tel programme. Le but de cet article est d’identifier ce que Pascal Vennesson appelle les macro-déterminants de ce programme, c’est-à-dire les éléments technologiques, industriels et politiques ayant conduit les Etats-Unis à se lancer dans la conception d’un avion matérialisant les travaux des stratégistes de la puissance aérienne : le Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress... Afficher la suite de l’article au format pdf

Partager cet article
Repost0
25 juin 2013 2 25 /06 /juin /2013 15:50
Surveillance : "un flot de révélations dans les prochains mois"

24/06/2013 Propos recueillis par Guerric Poncet / Le Web en lignes - Le Point.fr

 

Le scandale de la surveillance sur Internet n'en est qu'à ses débuts, selon Jarno Limnéll, docteur en science militaire et expert en cybersécurité.

 

Les publications sur le programme Prism par la presse anglo-saxonne ont mis au jour les méthodes d'espionnage des internautes du monde entier par les États-Unis. Jarno Limnéll, docteur en science militaire et expert mondialement reconnu, décrypte les événements et l'évolution du monde vers l'ère de la cyberguerre. Rencontré la semaine dernière par Le Point.fr à l'ambassade de Finlande, à Paris, il est aujourd'hui directeur de la cybersécurité pour l'éditeur finlandais de logiciels Stonesoft.

 

Le Point.fr : Avez-vous été surpris par les révélations sur le programme Prism de l'agence nationale de sécurité américaine (NSA) ?

 

Jarno Limnéll : Les informations dévoilées par la presse ne m'ont pas surpris, mais Prism n'est que la partie émergée de l'iceberg. Beaucoup d'autres révélations vont avoir lieu dans les mois à venir, il se passe beaucoup plus de choses que ce que l'on a découvert. Y compris ici en France, je vous le garantis.

 

Est-ce une bonne chose que ces informations aient été rendues publiques ?

C'est une excellente chose que l'opinion publique ait découvert Prism et sache qu'elle est surveillée, car il faut aujourd'hui placer le curseur entre la sécurité et la liberté. Il faut un débat public pour cela, et les démocraties ont le devoir d'être plus transparentes pour expliquer les raisons d'une telle surveillance.

 

Comment voyez-vous l'évolution des problématiques d'espionnage et de cyberguerre aujourd'hui ?

On connaissait l'ère de la Guerre froide, celle de la Détente, puis celle du terrorisme de 2001 à 2013. Nous entrons aujourd'hui dans l'ère de la cyberguerre. Beaucoup de changements se sont déjà produits : le terrorisme est désormais numéro deux sur la liste des menaces dressée par la Maison-Blanche : le numéro un est le cyber. Je distingue deux mondes : celui des atomes et celui des octets. Presque toute l'information est aujourd'hui dans le monde des octets, et il ne se passe pas un jour sans que l'on parle d'une cyberattaque. C'est un champ de bataille.

 

Il faut donc recruter des armées cybernétiques ?

Pour la cyberguerre, vous ne devez plus essayer d'avoir un maximum de muscles. Dans le passé, un chef militaire aurait choisi 100 soldats moyens plutôt qu'un seul très entraîné. Mais aujourd'hui il vaut mieux avoir un individu talentueux, qui pourra tromper ou faire face à un flot de hackers moins expérimentés.

 

Est-il vrai que l'attaquant gagne presque toujours ?

C'est comme James Bond : s'il veut vous tuer, il y arrivera un jour. Il faut l'accepter. L'attaquant gagne presque toujours, car il suffit qu'il traverse une seule fois les défenses pour gagner. On peut faire un parallèle avec la Première Guerre mondiale. L'arrivée des premiers chars sur les champs de bataille a perturbé les équilibres, mais on a rapidement développé des armes antichars et depuis, c'est une course sans fin entre les deux types d'armes, chars et antichars. Avec un déséquilibre important : le blindage est obligé de "gagner" à chaque fois, alors que l'antichar sera victorieux s'il perce le blindage ne serait-ce qu'une fois sur dix.

 

Quelles sont les conséquences pour les États ?

La cybersécurité n'est pas seulement un problème technique, c'est avant tout un défi stratégique. Les États-Unis ont perdu 300 milliards de dollars en 2012 seulement à cause du cyberespionnage, qui a donné lieu au transfert technologique le plus important de toute l'histoire. Et il était évidemment involontaire. L'attaque cyber, c'est très facile et peu cher. Vous pouvez atteindre votre objectif sans envoyer le moindre soldat. Cela oblige à oublier les concepts de guerre et de paix. L'utilisation du cyber se situe dans une zone grise. En plus, les pays ne savent pas ce dont disposent les autres. On ne peut plus se contenter de compter les tanks lors des défilés..., et à ma connaissance, il n'y a pas encore de parade de nerds !

 

Quand le changement vers l'ère de la cyberguerre a-t-il commencé ?

Le monde a perdu son innocence avec l'affaire Stuxnet (un virus créé par les États-Unis et Israël pour retarder le programme nucléaire iranien, NDLR). Les États investissent énormément, car ils veulent désormais des capacités offensives en plus de la défense. Trois États sont aujourd'hui capables d'attaquer : les États-Unis, la Russie et la Chine. Les États-Unis ont établi une liste de cibles qu'ils frapperont préventivement si des pays les attaquent. Ils ont donc accepté la stratégie du "hit first" (frappe préventive). En Europe, nous n'avons jamais eu ce type de discussions, il n'y a pas de doctrine d'utilisation de l'arme informatique.

 

Frapper préventivement, certes, mais qui ? On n'est jamais sûr de l'origine de l'attaque...

Le plus gros budget de l'agence de recherche militaire américaine, la DARPA, est alloué à l'équipe qui développe des technologies permettant de remonter à la source d'une attaque. Parce que l'attribution d'une attaque est un problème décisif dans le monde cyber : on n'est jamais sûr de qui nous attaque, c'est vrai. Mais il faut riposter, voire frapper préventivement. Et si on se trompe, on se fait un nouvel ennemi... La Maison-Blanche exige des informations fiables, provenant à la fois des experts cyber et des services de renseignements plus "classiques".

 

En France, un rapport gouvernemental a suggéré de ne plus acheter d'équipements chinois pour les infrastructures sensibles. Qu'en pensez-vous ?

Il y a beaucoup de spéculations sur la proximité de certaines entreprises avec leurs gouvernements. Les acheteurs sont de plus en plus intéressés par l'origine du vendeur de leurs matériels, cela devient de plus en plus important.

 

Les entreprises sont-elles conscientes des risques ?

Il faut détruire l'illusion de sécurité qui règne parfois dans le privé. Il y a deux sortes d'entreprise. Celles qui ont été hackées, et celles qui ont été hackées, mais ne le savent pas ou refusent de le reconnaître. En France, 80 % des infrastructures vitales sont détenues par le secteur privé, il est donc crucial que des partenariats public-privé soient mis en place. Mais qui va payer les factures ?

 

À l'échelle européenne, quel pays est à la pointe ?

Il n'y a pas de pays leader en Europe à ce jour. Nous sommes un peu en retrait par rapport aux trois leaders mondiaux. Il devrait y avoir plus de coopération en Europe, pour compenser le manque de travail collectif au sein de l'Otan, et je pense que la France a une belle opportunité à saisir : elle pourrait devenir la locomotive européenne de la cybersécurité. En comparant les quinze stratégies de cybersécurité mises en place en Europe, on pourrait se contenter de changer le nom sur la couverture des rapports... La vraie différence se fait dans les mesures qui sont effectivement mises en place. Les Pays-Bas par exemple sont moins enclins à suivre leurs propres recommandations que la France.

Partager cet article
Repost0
25 juin 2013 2 25 /06 /juin /2013 12:20
K-MAX in Afghanistan (USMC photo)

K-MAX in Afghanistan (USMC photo)

June 25, 2013: Strategy Page

 

The U.S. Marine Corps recently lost one of their two K-Max cargo helicopter UAVs in Afghanistan. On June 5th one of them came in hard during a landing and was heavily damaged. It has to be shipped back to the United States to be rebuilt. This came after nearly two years of trouble-free use and over 1,300 missions. UAVs have higher accident rates than manned aircraft and helicopters are more prone to accidents than fixed wing aircraft so this one accident does not lessen marine enthusiasm for delivering supplies via helicopter UAVs. The marines are trying to get funding to buy 16 K-Max UAVs so that in situations where road travel is dangerous, they can supply bases and outposts with K-Max, which is the cheapest form of air transport for this sort of thing.

 

Last year the marines twice extended the time two K-Max UAV helicopters would remain in Afghanistan. That was to last until March, 2013 but then the K-Maxs were extended again. This was all because the two unmanned transport helicopters have proven very useful. For example, a year ago it was demonstrated that K-Max could handle having cargo hooked up to a sling while the K-Max was hovering. This is called a hot hookup and when done with a manned helicopter you have the pilots and a crew chief supervising the operation from the helicopter. This sort of thing was considered too difficult for a remotely operated helicopter but that was not the case. Now the marines have shown that the K-Max is capable enough to handle it just using the remote operators and the UAVs flight control software.

 

The U.S. Marine Corps have been testing the K-Max in Afghanistan since late 2011 and in December of that year K-Max made its first cargo flight, taking 90 minutes to deliver 1.5 tons of supplies to a distant outpost. Since then the two K-Max UAVs in Afghanistan have delivered over 2,000 tons of cargo and spent nearly 2,000 hours in the air. The arrival of a K-Max has become a normal event for many remote marine bases in Afghanistan.

 

The marines began looking for a cargo carrying helicopter UAV in 2009, and quickly determined that K-Max was the best candidate for further development and testing. The K-Max in Afghanistan are there as a final test of how useful the vehicle could be in a combat zone. An unmanned cargo helicopter risks fewer lives and is cheaper to operate. It can also be used in extremely hazardous missions.

 

The K-Max UAV was originally designed as a single seat helicopter that could carry sling loads of 2.8 tons (6,000 pounds) at sea level, or two tons (4,300 pounds) at 4,800 meters (15,000 feet). The 5.5 ton K-Max has a cruise speed of 185 kilometers an hour and can stay in the air for up to 2.6 hours per sortie. One of the most attractive features of the K-Max is the amount of automation in the aircraft. The flight control software can be programmed with where to take and drop a cargo, then return and land automatically. The operator can intervene at any time but most of the time the operator just monitors vidcams attached to the K-Max to ensure nothing goes wrong.

 

In 2010, the U.S. Army conducted tests using a K-Max to deliver supplies via parachute. This involved using the army low altitude parachute, which can drop loads of 36 kg (80 pounds) to 273 kg (600 pounds). The K-Max had a special rig that could carry and release four different payloads and demonstrated its ability to drop each one at a different location. The low altitude drops are more accurate than higher altitude ones and useful where the troops getting the stuff are on hilly ground that has few good helicopter landing zones. The army also tested K-Max dropping loads from higher altitudes, using GPS guided parachutes. The army and marines are planning to have their helicopter UAVs to drop supplies via parachute to troops in isolated areas. The army has managed to make this work but because of looming budget cuts is not proceeding any further.

Partager cet article
Repost0
25 juin 2013 2 25 /06 /juin /2013 11:40
Nunn–Lugar CTR Scorecard January 31, 2013

Nunn–Lugar CTR Scorecard January 31, 2013

MOSCOU, 21 juin - RIA Novosti

 

Un nouvel accord a été signé entre la Russie et les Etats-Unis au sommet du G8 par Vladimir Poutine et Obama, appelé à remplacer le programme Nunn-Lugar visant à supprimer le surplus des armes russes de destruction massive, écrit vendredi le quotidien Kommersant. La Russie a obtenu des exceptions ou des changements de certaines dispositions du programme, sensibles pour elle, qui réduisent significativement le nombre de projets de défense commun, limitent l'accès des Américains à ses sites fermés et les engagent à endosser la responsabilité de tout préjudice intentionnel. Toutes ces conditions étaient imposées par Moscou pour que la Russie renonce à enterrer le programme Nunn-Lugar.

 

Les présidents russe et américain ont dévoilé leurs nouveaux accords de non prolifération des armes de destruction massive à l'issue de leur rencontre du 17 juin, en marge du sommet du G8. Barack Obama a déclaré avoir convenu avec Vladimir Poutine de poursuivre leur coopération dans le cadre du programme Nunn-Lugar. "Un programme de coopération pour la  réduction des menaces", a-t-il expliqué.

 

Au début des années 1990, les USA ont financé la destruction du trop-plein de missiles nucléaires russes, le recyclage des munitions obsolètes et l'élimination des réserves d'armes chimiques dans le cadre du programme Nunn-Lugar. A l’automne 2012, le gouvernement russe avait décidé de ne pas prolonger ce programme expirant le 17 juin, annonçant que la Russie n'avait plus besoin des subventions américaines pour le mener. Il ne sera finalement pas enterré mais transformé en programme plus compact, basé sur un principe d'équité.

 

Désormais, la coopération russo-américaine s’appuiera sur un nouvel accord intergouvernemental, fondé sur l'accord-cadre sur le Programme multilatéral environnemental dans le domaine nucléaire en Russie datant de 2003, et un protocole spécial signé par les deux parties le 14 juin.

 

Ces documents établissent clairement les domaines dans lesquels Moscou et Washington coopéreront : la supervision, le contrôle et la protection physique des matériaux nucléaires ; le contrôle douanier ; l'identification, l'extraction, le stockage, la sécurité et le recyclage des sources radioactive à haut risque ; la transformation du surplus d'uranium enrichi en uranium appauvri ; le démantèlement, le transport, l’extraction du carburant et la sécurité du stationnement des sous-marins nucléaires - y compris des compartiments des réacteurs et des matériaux associés.

 

Le nouvel accord n'inclut pas certains domaines du programme Nunn-Lugar comme la liquidation des missiles, le renforcement du système de protection physique des ogives nucléaires russes, la destruction des armes chimiques et l'amélioration de la sûreté nucléaire physique dans les entreprises du secteur nucléaire. La Russie a décidé qu'elle pouvait gérer ces secteurs par ses propres moyens.

 

Toutefois Vladimir Orlov, président du centre PIR, pense que les deux pays pourraient poursuivre ce travail à d'autres niveaux. "La Russie termine actuellement de détruire son surplus d’armes chimiques à ses frais. Mais les deux parties pourraient transférer la coopération dans cette sphère vers des pays tiers", a expliqué l'expert. L'expérience russo-américaine de renforcement de la sécurité dans les entreprises du secteur nucléaire, selon l'expert, est également demandée dans la CEI, au Proche et Moyen-Orient, ainsi qu'en Asie du Sud-Est.

 

Les changements ont également été opérés sur l'un des points du programme Nunn-Lugar qui ne convenait pas à Moscou. Le Pentagone avait le droit d'inspecter les sites nucléaires secrets en Russie, là où les équipements avaient été financés par les Américains. Conformément au nouvel accord, si l'accès à ces sites est limité par la législation russe, les parties "élaboreront des procédures alternatives et mutuellement acceptables".

 

Moscou a également réussi à changer le point qui libérait les exécutants américains de toute responsabilité si les équipements installés ou leurs actes étaient la cause d'un incident. Désormais, ils en seront financièrement et juridiquement responsables.

 

Le Comité commun de coordination – qui devra être créé – sera chargé d'élaborer des projets concrets dans le cadre du nouvel accord et de veiller à leur réalisation.

 

Désormais ces documents doivent être ratifiés par les parlements des deux pays.

Partager cet article
Repost0
25 juin 2013 2 25 /06 /juin /2013 11:30
patriot missile Eager Lion 2013 Jordan

patriot missile Eager Lion 2013 Jordan

WASHINGTON, 22 juin - RIA Novosti

 

700 militaires américains, ainsi que des chasseurs et des systèmes de missiles Patriot, resteront déployés en Jordanie à l'issue des exercices conjoints Eager Lion, lit-on dans une lettre de Barack Obama au Congrès US.

"Le déploiement de ces unités correspond aux intérêts de la sécurité nationale des Etats-Unis ainsi qu'à la nécessité d'assurer la sécurité de la Jordanie et la stabilité dans la région", a indiqué le chef de la Maison Blanche dans son message.

Selon le document, les soldats américains resteront stationnés en Jordanie jusqu'à ce que la situation dans la région soit réglée.

La Jordanie, alliée de Washington au Proche-Orient, est le pays voisin de la Syrie ravagée depuis plus de deux ans par une contestation populaire meurtrière. Le déploiement de chasseurs et de systèmes de missiles US en Jordanie intervient sur fond de rapports faisant état d'une possible instauration d'une zone d'exclusion aérienne en Syrie.

Auparavant, l'Otan a implanté des missiles Patriot en Turquie à proximité de la frontière syrienne suite à une demande d'Ankara qui avait exprimé son inquiétude face à une éventuelle frappe balistique en provenance de Syrie.

Partager cet article
Repost0
25 juin 2013 2 25 /06 /juin /2013 11:20
La US Navy a reçu son premier F-35 CF-6 (Photo Lockheed Martin)

La US Navy a reçu son premier F-35 CF-6 (Photo Lockheed Martin)

24/06/2013 par Nicolas Laffont – 45eNord.ca

 

La US Navy a reçu en fin de semaine dernière le premier exemplaire de son futur avion de chasse, le F-35C, sur la base d’Eglin, en Floride.

 

Il a été affecté au Strike Fighter Squadron 101 «Grim Reapers», chargé de l’entraînement des pilotes et du personnel chargé de la maintenance des appareils. CF-6, le premier exemplaire de série, avait effectué son vol inaugural le 14 février dernier. L’avion produit par Lockheed Martin devrait atteindre sa Capacité Opérationnelle Initiale entre août 2018 et février 2019, selon les dernières dates annoncées le 31 mai dernier.

Le pilote d’essai de la US Navy, le major Chris Tabert a été le pilote qui a convoyé CF-6 à destination. L’année dernière, il est devenu le premier pilote d’essai militaire à avoir volé toutes les variantes du F-35.

«Nous sommes engagés aux côtés de la Marine pour la vision qu’elle a du F-35 qui va révolutionner la puissance de combat avancé basé dans les environnements de menaces actuelles et futures», a déclaré Lorraine Martin, vice-présidente exécutif et directrice générale du programme du F-35 chez Lockheed Martin. «Le F-35 représente la nouvelle norme en intégration des systèmes d’armement, maintenabilité, rayon d’action et charge utile, qui apporte une vraie capacité multi-mission pour la marine.»

Lockheed Martin est né en 1995, de la fusion des groupes Lockheed Corporation et Martin Marietta. Le siège social se trouve à Bethesda, au Maryland. Cette entreprise mondiale de sécurité et d’aérospatiale a un effectif d’environ 118 000 personnes réparties dans le monde entier. Elle se voue principalement à la recherche, à la conception, au développement, à la fabrication, à l’intégration et au maintien en puissance de services, de produits et de systèmes technologiques de pointe. En 2012, son chiffre d’affaires net a atteint 47,2 milliards $.

Partager cet article
Repost0
24 juin 2013 1 24 /06 /juin /2013 18:40
Armes stratégiques: Washington comprend la position de Moscou (Lavrov)

MOSCOU, 22 juin - RIA Novosti

 

Washington comprend l'approche adoptée par Moscou en matière de réduction des armes stratégiques offensives, a déclaré samedi le ministre russe des Affaires étrangères Sergueï Lavrov dans une interview à la chaîne Russie 1.

 

Selon le chef de la diplomatie russe, en marge du sommet du G8 en Irlande du Nord, le président US Barack Obama a estimé qu'"il était encore possible de procéder à une nouvelle réduction des armes stratégiques offensives à condition d'être sûr que la Russie ferait de même".

 

"En réponse, le président russe Vladimir Poutine a réaffirmé notre position selon laquelle il est nécessaire de prendre en compte tous les facteurs relatifs à la stabilité stratégique, dont la défense antimissile, les armes dans l'espace et les armes stratégiques non-nucléaires. Il faut en outre prendre en considération le déséquilibre qui se maintient dans le domaine des armes classiques", a expliqué M.Lavrov.

 

"Le président Obama a annoncé qu'il comprenait qu'il était nécessaire de tenir compte de tous ces facteurs", a-t-il poursuivi.

 

Le 19 juin dernier, Barack Obama a déclaré que Washington était disposé à négocier avec Moscou une réduction d'un tiers de leurs arsenaux nucléaires respectifs et s'est prononcé en faveur d'une réduction d'armes tactiques russes et américaines en Europe.

Partager cet article
Repost0
20 juin 2013 4 20 /06 /juin /2013 11:45
Quel soutien logistique pour la MINUSMA? PAE ou un groupement de prestataires français?

19.06.2013 par P. CHAPLEAU Lignes de Défense
 

Le soutien logistique des quelque 12 000 Casques bleus de la MINUSMA suscite déjà bien des envies. Qui va se charger de transporter, faire communiquer, nourrir, loger, soigner etc les soldats de la Paix déployés au Mali? Les prestataires de service sont déjà sur les dents/rangs pour un futur contrat d'une valeur de 300 millions de dollars.

PAE (ex-filiale de Lockheed Martin et désormais contrôlé par Lindsay Goldberg), qui assure le soutien de la MONUSCO en RDC, est bien sûr candidat. L'entreprise US travaille aussi pour le compte de la MISMA, la force ouest-africaine au Mali (cliquer ici pour lire un article sur ce sujet) et semble donc bien placée pour assurer cette même mission dans un cadre plus large. Au Mali, PAE opère en partenariat avec Global Sourcing & Supply (GSS).

Face à PAE (et d'autres candidats qui répondront au futur appel d'offres onusien), les Français semblent s'être mis en ordre de bataille. On aurait pu penser que ce genre de projet irait à (feu?) Global X (lancé en grande pompe en avril 2011).

C'est plutôt un groupement ad hoc rassemblant, dans le sillage de Thales, plusieurs prestataires (dont Sodexo, peut-être Bolloré, Geos et quelques autres dit-on) qui va se positionner pour décrocher le soutien de la MINUSMA. Et qui espère bien l'emporter. Mais que l'on ne pense surtout pas que ce serait une façon élégante de récompenser Paris pour son effort militaire; la reconstruction en Libye (et ailleurs) a prouvé que la bonne volonté militaire n'est pas synonyme de bonnes affaires.

Partager cet article
Repost0

Présentation

  • : RP Defense
  • : Web review defence industry - Revue du web industrie de défense - company information - news in France, Europe and elsewhere ...
  • Contact

Recherche

Articles Récents

Categories